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1、Origin of LanguageThe Divine-OriginTheory Language is a gift of God to mankind The Invention Theoryimitative,cries of nature,the grunts of men working togetherThe Evolutionary Theory the result of physical and psychological development第1页/共15页第一页，编辑于星期六：十一点 二十七分。1 The Divine-Origin TheoryAnd out of
2、the ground the LORD God formed every beast of the field,and every fowl of the air;and brought them unto Adam to see what he would call them,and whatsoever Adam called every living creature,that was the name thereof.And Adam gave names to all cattle,and to the fowl of the air,and to every beast of th
3、e field.第2页/共15页第二页，编辑于星期六：十一点 二十七分。圣经旧约创世纪中上帝创造亚当，亚当给万物取名的描述；古埃及人认为语言的创造者是透特神；中国古代传说女娲抟土造人的故事；印度人认为语言是宇宙创造者梵天之妻，学习女神沙拉斯瓦提赋予人类的这些都反映了“语言神授”的原始观念。第3页/共15页第三页，编辑于星期六：十一点 二十七分。2 The Invention TheoryThe“bow-wow”theoryThe“pooh-pooh”theoryThe“yo-he-ho”theory第4页/共15页第四页，编辑于星期六：十一点 二十七分。Bow-wow theory:imita
4、te the natural sounds of the animal calls in the wild environmentPooh-pooh theory:instinctive sounds of pain,anger and joy as interjectionsYo-he-ho theory:rhythmic sounds produced by primitive people when working together.2 The Invention Theory第5页/共15页第五页，编辑于星期六：十一点 二十七分。In primitive times people im
5、itated the sounds of the animal calls in the wild environment they lived and speech developed from that.Onomatopoeic words seem to be a convenient evidence for this theory.But they are very different in the degree of resemblance they express with the natural sounds.This theory lacks supportive evide
6、nce.The“bow-wow”Theory 摹声说第6页/共15页第六页，编辑于星期六：十一点 二十七分。Apes gibberBears growlBulls bellowCats mew(purr)Eagles screamFrogs croakGoats bleatvAsses brayvBeetles dronevCamels gruntvDucks quackvFlies buzzvGeese cackle(gabble)vHorses nay(snort)Primary Onomatopoeia第7页/共15页第七页，编辑于星期六：十一点 二十七分。Primary Onomato
7、poeiaHens cluckLions roarMice squeakPigeons cooPuppies yelpSnakes hissTurkeys gobblevLarks warblevMagpies chattervOwls hoot(screech)vPigs squeal(grunt)vRavens(乌鸦)croakvThrushes(画眉)whistlevWolves howl第8页/共15页第八页，编辑于星期六：十一点 二十七分。In the hard life of our primitive ancestors,they utter instinctive sounds
8、 of pain,anger and joy.As for evidence,we can only cite the universal use of sounds as interjections.What makes the theory problematic is that there is only a limited number of interjections in almost all languages.Besides,interjections such as Oh,Ah,Oops bear little relationship with the sound syst
9、em of a language and therefore are not good evidence.The“Pooh-pooh”Theory 感叹说第9页/共15页第九页，编辑于星期六：十一点 二十七分。As primitive people worked together,they produced some rhythmic grunts which gradually developed into chants and then into language.We do have prosodic use of rhythms in languages,but rhythmic gr
10、unts are far different from language in its present sense.The theory is again at most a speculation.The“Yo-he-ho”Theory 吆嘿嗬说第10页/共15页第十页，编辑于星期六：十一点 二十七分。The Evolutionary Theory the result of the result of physical and physical and psychological psychological developmentdevelopment第11页/共15页第十一页，编辑于星期
11、六：十一点 二十七分。3 The Evolutionary TheoryThere is certain relationship between the development of language and the evolutionary development of the human species.1.Children are born with both thought and language.2.The development of the physical apparatus for speech.3.It is labor that created the necessi
12、ty for language.第12页/共15页第十二页，编辑于星期六：十一点 二十七分。The by-now fruitless search for the origin of languages reflects peoples concern with the origin of humanity and may come up with enlightening findings in future.One thing we can say for certain is that language evolves within specific historical,social and cultural contexts.To Sum up第13页/共15页第十三页，编辑于星期六：十一点 二十七分。第14页/共15页第十四页，编辑于星期六：十一点 二十七分。感谢您的观看。第15页/共15页第十五页，编辑于星期六：十一点 二十七分。