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1、Do you know their names?第1页/共47页The works of scientists make life much easier and more comfortable.They make great contribution to social development.第2页/共47页 hard-workingWhat qualities do you think they have in common?modestimaginative determined devoted wise carefulcreative第3页/共47页Archimedes He wa
2、s an ancient Greek mathematician.He found if you put an object into water,the water pushes the object up.Lets learn about some scientists.第4页/共47页He wrote The Origin of Species.It explained how animals and plants developed as the environment changed.Charles Darwin第5页/共47页He improved the first steam
3、pump built by Thomas Savery and turned it into a steam engine for taking water out of mines.Later James Watt turned it into the first modern steam engine used on the railways.Thomas Newcomen第6页/共47页 He used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children.Gregory M
4、endel第7页/共47页She discovered radium in 1898.She received two Nobel Prizes,one for physics and one for chemistry.Marie Curie第8页/共47页 He invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities.Thomas Edison第9页/共47页Leonardo da Vinci He was a famous artist.He used to study dead people in orde
5、r to make his paintings as accurate as possible.第10页/共47页He developed a safety lamp for miners in 1815.It made working conditions underground very much safer.Sir Humphry Davy第11页/共47页He invented the first seismograph to indicate in the direction of an earthquake.Zhang Heng第12页/共47页He put forward a t
6、heory about black holes.Stephen Hawking第13页/共47页THINKWORK FINDHow do the scientists usually do scientific research?The processFind a problemMake a questionThink of a methodCollect results Analyse the resultsFind supporting evidenceDraw a conclusionSOLVE第14页/共47页What infectious diseases do you know a
7、bout?第15页/共47页Things to do to prevent infectious diseases:Wash your hands often,especially during cold and flu season.Be aware of what you eat,and be careful how you prepare it.Use antibiotics exactly as prescribed.Be cautious around all wild and domestic animals that are not familiar to you.Avoid a
8、reas of insect infestation.第16页/共47页 Cholera is the illness caused by a bacterium called Varian cholera.If it infects peoples intestines(肠胃),it may cause diarrhea,vomiting and leg cramps(腹痛).The most common cause of cholera is by someone eating food or drinking water that has been polluted by the ba
9、cteria.What do you know about cholera?第17页/共47页Cholera can be mild(不严重的)or even without symptoms(症状),but a severe case can lead to death without immediate treatment.第18页/共47页Do you know this person?John Snow(1813 1858)a legendary figure in the history of public health,epidemiology（流行病学）and anesthesi
10、ology（麻醉学）第19页/共47页Whats the main idea of the passage?A.John Snow was a well-known doctor in London.B.The cause of Cholera was polluted water.C.The source of all drinking water should be examined.D.How John Snow collected,analyzed data and found the cause of the disease and solved it.Fast readingD第2
11、0页/共47页Use the seven stages in setting out a new scientific idea to describe each paragraph.Careful reading第21页/共47页ParagraphStagesGeneral ideas1Find a problem The _ of cholera causesComprehending 第22页/共47页2Theory two:When people _ cholera into their bodies with meals,their bodies were attacked and
12、soon they died.Theory one:Cholera _ in the air and dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims.Make up a question multipliedabsorbed第23页/共47页3Think of a method To _ the second theory was correct.prove第24页/共47页45Collect results Some information was _ on how many people died and where they
13、 got water.Analyse results _the water to see if that is the cause of the illness.gatheredAnalyse第25页/共47页67find supporting evidence With extra _,it was announced definitely that _ water carried cholera.Make a conclusion Polluted water spread cholera.“King Cholera”was _.evidencepolluteddefeated第26页/共
14、47页Read the text carefully and choose the best answers.1.Whats the purpose of the text?A.To show us how difficult it was to find a cure for cholera.B.To tell us how John Snow found the cause of cholera and the cure for it.C.To show us how difficult it was to carry out experiments at that time.D.To t
15、ell us the way cholera spread and how serious it was.B第27页/共47页2.Which of the following is TRUE ccording to the text?A.John Snow became famous after cholera hit England in the 19th century.B.John Snow began to collect information long before cholera hit England in the 19th century.C.The mother and h
16、er daughter mentioned in the text both lived in Broad Street.D.John Snow felt unsure about the cause of cholera after he finished the map.D第28页/共47页3.Why was cholera called“King Cholera”in the text?A.Because cholera caused many deaths.B.Because it got its name from Queen Victoria.C.Because cholera w
17、as the most deadly disease of its day.D.Because it was defeated with the help of the king.C第29页/共47页 1.What do you know about Dr.John Snows being well-known in London?He attended Queen Victoria to ease the birth of her babies.Questions第30页/共47页3.Did people know how to cure the disease?2.From what di
18、sease did Londoners suffer in his age?They exposed themselves to cholera.第31页/共47页4.When did Dr.Snow think the disease would be controlled?He knew he would never be controlled until its cause was found.People absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.5.What was the second theory expla
19、ining how the disease killed people?第32页/共47页6.How serious was the disease outbreak in London?The cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people had died in 10 days.第33页/共47页The map gave a valuable clue about the cause of the disease.7.Did the map which Dr.Snow draw help find the cause of
20、the disease?Many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street.8.Where were many of the deaths in Broad Street?第34页/共47页9.Why did some houses have no deaths?These families worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.They were given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the Broad street
21、pump.第35页/共47页It seemed the water was to blame.10.What did Dr.Snow think was responsible for the disease?He told the people to remove the handle from the water pump so it could not be used.11.What did Dr.Snow advised the people in Broad Street do?第36页/共47页12.What else did Dr.Snow find in another par
22、t of London that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak?In addition,he found 2 other deaths.13.What conclusion did Dr.Snow tell the public?He announced that polluted water carried the disease.第37页/共47页14.What did Dr.Snow tell the water companies?They were not to expose people to polluted water any
23、more.instructed第38页/共47页Group Discussion1.John Snow believed Idea 2 was right.How did he finally prove it?John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera,collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.第39页/共47
24、页2.Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map?No.The map helped John Snow organize his ideas.He was able to identify those households that had had many deaths and check their water-drinking habits.He identified those houses that had had no deaths and surveyed their drinkin
25、g habits.The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.第40页/共47页3.Cholera is a 19th century disease.What disease do you think is similar to cholera today?Two diseases,which are similar today,are SARS and AIDS because they are both serious,have an unknown cause and need public he
26、alth care to solve them.第41页/共47页Fill in the blanksJohn Snow was a _ doctor in London.There was the most deadly _ called“King Cholera”of its day.Every time there was a(an)_,many people died.John Snow wanted to face the _ and _ this problem.He knew that it would never be _ until its cause was found,A
27、t that time,there were two theories about cholera.The first suggested that cholera _ in the air.famousdiseaseoutbreakchallengesolvecontrolledmultiplied第42页/共47页The second suggested that people _ this disease into their bodies with their_.John Snow _ the second theory was correct but he needed eviden
28、ces.So he _ data to test the two theories.He _ on a map where the dead people had lived and the map gave a _ clue about the cause of the disease.absorbedmealssuspectedcollectedmarkedvaluable第43页/共47页It seemed that the water was to _.Next,John Snow looked into the _ of the water for these streets.He
29、found two other deaths in another part of London that were _ _ the Broad Street outbreak.With enough evidence,he announced _ _ that _ _ carried the virus of cholera.blamesourcelinkedtowithcertaintypollutedwater第44页/共47页Homework1.Learn more about great scientists.2.Review the vocabulary.3.Read the text carefully.第45页/共47页第46页/共47页感谢您的观看！第47页/共47页