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1、外刊语法填空含全文翻译和重难点句型讲解InvasivespeciesCat got your ternferalhouse cats haveinvadedHawaiiWhen Mark Twain first set eyes on Honolulu in1866, he observed that the trees were sodensethat they blocked thesunlight, lava from pastvolcaniceruptions covered thecoralsand cats were 1._. In adispatchfor the Sacrame
2、nto Union, Twain reported seeing “tamecats, wild cats, singed cats,individualcats, groups of cats,platoonsof cats, companies of cats, regiments of cats,armiesof cats,multitudesof cats, millions of cats, and all of themsleek, fat, lazy, and sound asleep”.Cats were first brought to Hawaii aboard Europ
3、eancolonists ships, 2._ they preyed on rats and mice. As their number in their new home grew during the19th century, birds started todisappear. At least30types of native bird 3._(become) morescarceor wentextinctbetween1870and1930as they wereexposed4._ their newwhiskeredfoes, according to the US Geol
4、ogical Survey.Birds are not the onlycasualtyof Hawaiisfelineinvasion.toxoplasmosisis a disease caused by aparasite5._ reproduces in the digestive systems of cats, and thencontaminatessoil and water through theirfaeces. A new study determined that twospinnerdolphinsfoundstrandedoff the Hawaiian coast
5、 died oftoxoplasmosis. From these findings the authors suggest that at least60spinnerdolphinshave died of theparasiteover the past30years.Theoverwhelmingmajority of the whales anddolphinsincluded in the study were killed by other means. But “if they do becomeinfected, this study suggests that they d
6、ie and they die quickly”, says Kristi West, one of the authors and director of the Health and Stranding Lab at the University of Hawaii. Hawaiis6._(endanger)monksealshave also been killed by the bug.feralcats are not just a problem for Hawaii. A study 7._(publish) in Global Change Biology suggests t
7、hat, globally, they are responsible for theextinctionof at least14% of bird, mammal andreptileisland species.toxoplasmosishas also been found 8._(kill) seaottersalong the California coast.What can be done? A bill that could have directed the HISC tocullcats usingpoisonedbait, as Australia has done,
8、died in the statelegislatureearlier this year. Animal-loversprefer to focus oncapturing, neutering andreleasingwild cats 9._ _ they have no kittens. But HISCcontendsthat such programmes do not actually helpcurtailcat numbers. Ms West suggests that people are too quick to blame the cats, when there i
9、s anotherculprit.“People have to stop10._(abandon)these poor cats,” she says. “Its not really a cat problem. Its a human problem.”answer1.everywhere 2. where 3.became 4.to 5.that 6.endangered 7.published8. to kill 9.so that 10.abandoning1、短语1）原文：When Mark Twain first set eyes on Honolulu in 1866, he
10、 observed that the trees were so dense that they blocked the sunlight, lava from past volcanic eruptions covered the coralsand cats were everywhere. 词典：set eyes on 看到例句：What was he doing when you last set eyes on him?你上次见到他时他在做什么？2）原文：Cats were first brought to Hawaii aboard European colonists ships
11、, where they preyed on rats and mice. 词典：prey on 捕食，掠夺例句：The lions in this area prey on deer and other wild animals.这个地方的狮子捕食鹿和其他野生动物。3）原文：At least 30 types of native bird became more scarce or went extinct between 1870 and 1930 as they were exposed to their new whiskered foes, according to the US G
12、eological Survey. 词典： be exposed to 接触；暴露于例句：The area where most refugees are waiting is exposed to the elements.大多数难民等待救济的地方都不能挡风遮雨。4）原文：A study published in Global Change Biology suggests that, globally, they are responsible for the extinction of at least 14% of bird, mammal and reptile island spe
13、cies. 词典：be responsible for xx是xx的原因例句：Oxidized cholesterol may be responsible for furring up the arteries.氧化胆固醇可能是造成动脉堵塞的元凶。2、长难句1、1）原文：A new study determined that two spinner dolphins found stranded off the Hawaiian coast died of toxoplasmosis.2）分析：l 红色部分是主句，是主谓宾结构，宾语部分是that引导的宾语从句。l 蓝色部分就是宾语从句的内容
14、。其中出现了die of这一短语，它和die from的区别是：die from主要用于指环境、事故等外部原因造成的死亡；die of主要指疾病、衰老等自身原因造成的死亡。l 绿色部分是过去分词作后置定语，修饰dolphins。3）译文：一项新研究表明，两只搁浅在夏威夷海岸的飞旋海豚就是死于弓形虫病。2、1）原文：A bill that could have directed the HISC to cull cats using poisoned bait, as Australia has done, died in the state legislature earlier this y
15、ear. 2） 分析：l 红色部分是主句，是主谓结构。绿色部分是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词bill，其中that在从句中做主语。l 蓝色部分是插入语结构，其中as表示“正如”，作连词。3）译文：夏威夷入侵物种委员会本可以按照一项法案的要求，利用有毒诱饵来减少野猫数量，就和澳大利亚的做法一样，但今年早些时候，这一法案在州议会夭折。3、写作技巧1）原文：A bill that could have directed the HISC to cull cats using poisoned bait, as Australia has done, died in the state legi
16、slature earlier this year. 夏威夷入侵物种委员会本可以按照一项法案的要求，利用有毒诱饵来减少野猫数量，就和澳大利亚的做法一样，但今年早些时候，这一法案在州议会夭折。2）技巧分析： 例句中出现了虚拟语气的用法，下面我们就看看在写作中应该怎样使用虚拟语气，让写作更加地道且不出语法错误。1.什么时候使用虚拟语气？虚拟语气所描述的内容，一定要和实际发生的情况相反。2.虚拟语气怎么用？l if条件从句表虚拟。比如：If Iwereyou, Iwouldprepare for this test much earlier.如果我是你的话，我就会早点备考。这里if从句的时态，从一般
17、现在时，变为一般过去时。如果谓语是 be动词，则变成 were；如果是其他谓语动词，则变为过去式 did 形式。如果if从句本身就是过去时，则需要将 if 从句中的时态再往前推，变成过去的过去，即过去完成时。比如：If youhad metthis good teacher a little earlier, youwouldhave passedthis test already.如果你早一点遇见这位好老师，你早就考过这个考试了。这时，if 从句中用had done的形式，主句用would/ could/ should + have done 的形式，表示对过去事件的虚拟。l 虚拟语气倒装虚
18、拟语气的倒装，只针对 had done 的形式。倒装时，把 if 去掉，had 提前，剩下语序保持不变。以上一个例句为例：Hadyoumetthis good teacher a little earlier, youwould have passedthis test already.More from Wechat SubscriptionRichie英语教书匠4、背景分析有许多时候，生物并非被人类直接毁灭，而是因为人类对生态系统的改变，而遭受了灭绝的厄运。科学家在2001年的时候，发现夏威夷的僧帽海豹神秘死亡，最后死亡数量不断增加，导致僧帽海豹开始濒临灭绝，数量仅剩1000多头。最后经过
19、调查发现，原来是因为猫屎。那猫屎为什么会导致僧帽海豹死亡呢？夏威夷州上常驻人口121万，流动人口133万，许多人喜欢饲养宠物，这也让宠物猫的数量开始大幅度增加，流浪猫的数量也随之增加，仅夏威夷的欧胡岛就有约30万只流浪猫。很多当地人都会定期去喂这些流浪猫这也让他们进一步繁殖，而猫屎中就含有弓形虫。猫科动物是弓形虫的终宿主，就是指指寄生虫发育成成虫时或经历其性成熟期所寄生的宿主。弓形虫是一种细胞寄生虫。弓形虫寄生在猫科动物的小肠上皮细胞内，形成囊合子随粪便排出，其他哺乳动物和鸟吃进去发生感染，在它们身体的组织内发育成为包囊。囊合子和包囊是弓形虫的不同发育阶段。目前全世界有三分之一的人感染了弓形虫
20、，成人身上发生的弓形虫感染大多是隐性感染，但婴幼儿、孕妇和免疫抑制者感染后却会导致急性获得性弓形虫病，从而发生流产、死胎和脑炎等后果，危害严重，死亡率相当高。根据国际自然保护联盟统计数据显示，在全球范围内，流浪猫/野猫造成了87种鸟类、45种小型哺乳动物、10种爬行动物的灭绝，上百种动物走向低谷（大部分都是海岛物种，因为岛屿物种具有岛屿温顺型，对岛屿内环境很容易适应，而面对突如其来的天敌，根本没有时间进化便被屠杀殆尽）。这一切的主要元凶都是因为猫屎中的弓形虫。除了弓形虫之外，流浪猫的捕猎是另外一个原因，在2013年自然通讯的论文中表示，在美国，每年的流浪猫能够捕杀掉14亿37亿只的鸟类。每年还能捕杀掉大约69207亿只哺乳动物。段落大意：【1】当马克吐温第一次来到檀香山时，他发现那里野猫成群。【2】这些猫起初是殖民者放在船上用来捉老鼠的，但这使得很多岛上的本土鸟类变得稀缺甚至灭绝。【3】除了野猫之外，其携带的弓形虫也污染了土壤和水。【4】夏威夷大学的一项研究表明，弓形虫可以导致鲸鱼、海豚和海豹的死亡。【5】野猫对生态环境构成的威胁并不仅仅存在于夏威夷。【6】州议会并没有通过利用有毒诱饵减少野猫数量的法案。动物爱好者认为可以通过给野猫绝育来控制其数量。【7】韦斯特认为，野猫泛滥是人类的问题。学科网（北京）股份有限公司