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1、不定式（to do）做主语的用法一、 形式1. to do 将来时主动式2. to be done 将来时被动式3. to be doing 进行时主动式4. to be being done 进行时被动式5. to have done 完成时主动式6. to have been done 完成时被动式二、不定式做主语 1.位置 1.1不定式做主语位于句首； Eg：To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 To get up early is necessary. 早起是有必要的。 To have made the same mistake twice was unforgiva
2、ble. 犯两次同样的错误是不可原谅的。1.2It作形式主语，动词不定式为真正主语，放在句末，为了保持句子的平衡。形式一：It +be+adj.+for sb.+to do sth在此句式中，做表语的形容词说明不定式行为的性质或者特点。Adj: easy, important, difficult, necessary, hard, possible, impossible, comfortable, better等。Eg:Its important for us to keep the water clean. Its so nice to hear your voice.It +be+ad
3、j+of sb.+to do sth在此句型中，做表语的形容词用于说明不定式逻辑主语的品性、性格、性质等。Adj: kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, brave, considerate, selfish(自私的), silly(愚蠢的)等。Eg:It is very kind of you to help us. It was silly of us to believe him. 形式二：It+be+名词+to do sth名词：an honour/(a) pleasure/pity/duty(责任)/fun/ta
4、sk/job. Eg: It is our duty to take good care of the old. It is an honour for me to stand here and give my speech. 形式三：It takes/took/will take sb. some time/money to do sth 花费某人.时间/金钱做某事 Eg: It will take us a long time to walk there. It took me more than an hour to do my homework yesterday evening. 1
5、.3 动词不定式与疑问词how, what, when, where, which 等连用构成不定式短语，位于句首，也可以做主语。Eg: What to do next is not decided yet. How to use the computer is the question.2. 语态不定式与逻辑主语之间是主动关系用to do;不定式与逻辑主语之间是被动关系用to be done.Eg: It was an honour for him to be chosen as head of the medical team.3. to do做主语与动名词做主语的区别3.1 动词不定式做
6、主语通常表示具体的一次性行为或将来的动作，强调动作本身，谓语动词用单数形式； 动名词做主语通常表示一般的抽象的泛指概念，强调事件本身，谓语动词用单数形式。 Eg: To lie to the teacher is wrong. Eating is an important thing.3.2 动词不定式做主语时，可以表示一件带有目的性的未完成事件； 动名词做主语时，可以表示一件已知的经验或事情，表示人的习惯、爱好、职业、经验等。 Eg:I like swimmimg, but I dont like to swim on such a cold day.（前者指习惯爱好，后者指一次性行为） T
7、o visit Australia is my next goal.(未来动作)Collecting stamps is his hobby.(习惯爱好)Teaching children music is her work.(工作职业)Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.(经验)三、配套练习1. No matter how great efforts I make, it is not easy for me to understand (understand) the lessons given in English.2._Readin
8、g (read) for wisdom is likegymnastics to the body.3. As we all know, _to have_ (have) a healthy lifestyle is of great importance.4._Ignoring_ (ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.5._To complete_ (complete) this programme needs much effo
9、rt.6. Its important for the figures _to be updated (update) regularly.7. It was popular_to decorate (decorate) bridges with sculpted stone lions.8.“It takes a lot for any student, Whaley explains, “especially for a student who_is learning (learn) English as their new language，to feel (feel)confident enough to say, I dont know, but l want to know.”学科网（北京）股份有限公司