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1、各位老师：各位老师：上午好！上午好！王传江王传江E-mail:TEL：Specialized English for Electrical Engineering1Introduction什么是专业英语什么是专业英语专业英语专业英语（English for Special Science and Technology）科技英语（科技英语（English for Science and Technology）普通英语普通英语（Common English,Ordinary English）l隶隶属属于于科科技技英英语语 以以表表达达科科技技概概念念、理理论论与与事事实实为为主主要要目目的的。遵遵
2、守守科科技技英英语语的的语语法法体体系系和和翻翻译译方方法法；特特别别注注重重客客观观事事实实和和真真理理，表表达达准准确确、精精练练、正正式式、逻辑性强逻辑性强。l是结合各自专业的科技英语是结合各自专业的科技英语 有很强的专业性，涉及的面更加狭窄，与专业内有很强的专业性，涉及的面更加狭窄，与专业内容配合更为密切。容配合更为密切。专业英语与科技英语既有区别又有联系。专业英语的学习需要有一个专业英语与科技英语既有区别又有联系。专业英语的学习需要有一个良好的科良好的科技英语基础技英语基础，同时也要，同时也要注意其自身的词汇特点、语法特点、修辞特点和翻译特注意其自身的词汇特点、语法特点、修辞特点和翻
3、译特点点等等。等等。2Introduction学习专业英语的重要性学习专业英语的重要性科研信息获取科研信息获取 专业英语阅读能力专业英语阅读能力技术情报资料技术情报资料专业技术文献专业技术文献工程设备文档资料工程设备文档资料研究成果展示研究成果展示 专业英语写作能力专业英语写作能力产品技术说明产品技术说明学术论文发表学术论文发表申请专利申请专利国际交流合作国际交流合作 专业英语表达、听说、应变能力专业英语表达、听说、应变能力3Teaching Tasks扩充、掌握大量的专业词汇扩充、掌握大量的专业词汇熟悉专业英语的词汇、句法熟悉专业英语的词汇、句法提高专业英语的阅读理解能力、翻译能力和写作提高
4、专业英语的阅读理解能力、翻译能力和写作能力能力了解常用的专业英语口语表达方式了解常用的专业英语口语表达方式4Contents阅读翻译阅读翻译基础知识基础知识语法特点语法特点词汇特点词汇特点常用符号公式表达常用符号公式表达学术论文写作学术论文写作英文文献查找英文文献查找应用口语应用口语5References电力专业英语阅读与翻译电力专业英语阅读与翻译 朱永强朱永强 主编主编.2007电气工程及其自动化专业英语电气工程及其自动化专业英语苏小林苏小林 主编主编.2008电力英语应用口语电力英语应用口语 贾根娣贾根娣 主编主编.2002电气工程及其自动化专业英语电气工程及其自动化专业英语 魏立明魏立明
5、 主编主编.20126Lecture 1Reading and Translation Basic Concepts of Electric Power System Part 1 Basic Construction of Electric Power System Electricity is an ideal energy form,which is convenient to deliver and use,and is clean without polluting our environment and atmosphere.The generation,delivery and
6、consumption of electricity are realized in an integrated system which is called electric power system or power system.An electric power system consists of three principal divisions:power generation,power transmission system,and power distribution systems.7Lecture 1 All the electricity the consumers
7、take from the power system is generated in a power plant,or called power station,of some kind.Power generation is the first stage of the whole progress of the utilization of electric energy.Transmission systems are the connecting links between the generation plants and the distribution systems and l
8、ead to other power systems over interconnections.A distribution system connects all the individual loads to the transmission lines at the substations which perform voltage transformation and switching functions.Small generating plants located near the load are often connected to the subtransmission
9、or distribution system directly.8Lecture 1 Interconnection to neighboring power systems are usually formed at the transmission system level.The overall system thus consists of multiple generating sources and several layers of transmission networks.This provides a high degree of structural redundancy
10、 that enables the system to withstand unusual contingencies without service disruption to the consumers.Part 2 Typical Topologies of Electric Power System The equipments which form an electric system are arranged depending on the manner in which load grows in the area and may be rearranged from time
11、 to time.9Lecture 1 However,there are certain plans into which a particular system design may be classified.Three types are illustrated:the radial system,the loop system and the network system.In a radial system,as shown in Fig.1.1,the lines form a“tree”spreading out from the power source.Opening an
12、y line will result in interruption of power to one or more of the loads.10Lecture 1 The loop system is illustrated in Fig.1.2.With this arrangement all loads may be served even though one line section is removed from service.Fig.1.3 shows the same loads being served by a network.With this arrangemen
13、t each load has two or more circuits over which it is fed.11Lecture 1 Distribution circuits are commonly designed so that they may be classified as radial or loop circuit.The high-voltage transmission lines of most power systems are arranged as networks.The interconnection of major power systems res
14、ult in networks made up many line sections.Part 3 Characteristics of Most Power System The first complete electric power system was a direct current(DC)system.The development of alternating current(AC)transmission led to AC electric power system.The AC system had won out over the DC system for the f
15、ollowing reasons:12Lecture 1 i)Voltage levels can be easily transformed in AC systems,thus providing the flexibility for use of different voltage for generation,transmission,and consumption.ii)AC electric machines are much simpler or cheaper than DC electric machines.Electric power systems vary in s
16、ize and structural components.However,they all have the same basic characteristics:i)Are comprised of three-phase AC systems operating essentially at constant voltage.Generation and transmission facilities use three-phase equipment.Industrial loads are invariably three-phase;single-phase residential
17、 and commercial loads are distributed equally among the phases so as to effectively form a balanced three-phase system.13Lecture 1 ii)Use synchronous machines for generation of electricity.iii)Transmit power over significant distances to consumer spread over a wide area.This requires a transmission
18、system comprising subsystems operating at different voltage levels.14Lecture 1客观性（客观性（Objective）、准确性（准确性（accuracy）和精练性精练性(conciseness)Grammar Features广泛使用被动语态广泛使用被动语态 广泛使用非谓语形式广泛使用非谓语形式 省略句使用频繁省略句使用频繁It句型和祈使句使用频繁句型和祈使句使用频繁复杂长句使用频繁复杂长句使用频繁后置形容词短语作定语多后置形容词短语作定语多15Lecture 1电可以用数量和质量来度量。电可以用数量和质量来度量。2)I
19、nstrument transformers are installed on the high-voltage equipment.互感器安装在高压设备上。互感器安装在高压设备上。广泛使用被动语态广泛使用被动语态（客观性）（客观性）主体主体多为客观的事物、现象和过程在叙述推理过程中切多为客观的事物、现象和过程在叙述推理过程中切忌加进作者个人的主观臆断；忌加进作者个人的主观臆断；中心中心是客观现象及事物本身，而非动作的发出者，把论是客观现象及事物本身，而非动作的发出者，把论证说明的对象置于句子主语的位置，既能突出中心，又证说明的对象置于句子主语的位置，既能突出中心，又能吸引读者的注意。能吸引读
20、者的注意。1)Electricity can be measured in amount and quality.16Lecture 1电能是在发电站或发电厂产生的。电能是在发电站或发电厂产生的。4)The meters are calibrated and the scale is designed to read the value of the desired unit.5)Electrical energy can be stored in two metal plates separated by an insulation medium.Such a device is calle
21、d a capacitor,and its ability to store electrical energy is termed capacitance.It is measured in Farads.3)Electric power is generated in power generating stations or plants.这些仪表可以被校准并且设计了不同的量程，以便读出期望的数值。这些仪表可以被校准并且设计了不同的量程，以便读出期望的数值。电能可以储存在被一绝缘介质隔开的两块金属板中，这样的装置被电能可以储存在被一绝缘介质隔开的两块金属板中，这样的装置被称为电容器，它储存
22、电能的能力就被称为电容。电容的测量单位是称为电容器，它储存电能的能力就被称为电容。电容的测量单位是法拉。法拉。17Lecture 1 动名词动名词 用动名词短语取代时间从句或简化时间陈述句用动名词短语取代时间从句或简化时间陈述句 1)The signal should be filtered before it is amplified.2)An object becomes hot.It is placed in the sun.Once being placed in the sun,an object becomes hot.物体放置在太阳下会变热。物体放置在太阳下会变热。The sig
23、nal should be filtered before being amplified.放大信号前，应先对其进行滤波。放大信号前，应先对其进行滤波。广泛使用非谓语形式广泛使用非谓语形式（精炼）（精炼）非谓语动词在句子中可以起到名词，形容词或副词作用，非谓语动词在句子中可以起到名词，形容词或副词作用，动词的非谓语形式分为动词的非谓语形式分为动名词动名词,分词分词,动词不定式动词不定式。18Lecture 13)We must do various experiments before a new electronic product is designed.Before designing
24、a new electronic product we must do various experiments.在设计一个新的电子产品之前，我们必须做各种实验。在设计一个新的电子产品之前，我们必须做各种实验。用动名词短语做主语用动名词短语做主语 4)Changing resistance is a method for controlling the flow of the current.改变电阻是控制电流的一种方法。改变电阻是控制电流的一种方法。5)Conducting electricity means the flow of electrons through an object.传导
25、电流意味着电子在物体内的流动。传导电流意味着电子在物体内的流动。19Lecture 1 分词分词 1)The power supply,which is shown in block-diagram in2)Fig.1,is a single-phase switch-mode inverter.The power supply shown in block-diagram in Fig.1 is a single-phase switch-mode inverter.图图1 1中用框图表示的电源是一个单相开关逆变器。中用框图表示的电源是一个单相开关逆变器。过去分词短语替代从句中的过去分词短语
26、替代从句中的被动语态被动语态 2)A three-phase circuit,as it was pointed out above,is merely a combination of three single-phase circuits.20Lecture 1正如上面所指出的那样，三相电路只不过是三个单相电正如上面所指出的那样，三相电路只不过是三个单相电路的组合。路的组合。3)The transistor,which is working with correctly polarities,can work as an amplifier.The transistor working w
27、ith correctly polarities can work as an amplifier.工作于正确电源极性下的晶体管，作用就像放大器。工作于正确电源极性下的晶体管，作用就像放大器。现在分词短语替代从句中的现在分词短语替代从句中的主动语态主动语态 A three-phase circuit,as pointed out above,is merely a combination of three single-phase circuits.21Lecture 1 不定式不定式 1）The capacity of individual generators is larger and
28、larger so that the increasing demand of electric power is satisfied.The capacity of individual generators is larger and larger to satisfy the increasing demand of electric power.单台发电机的容量越来越大，目的就是满足不断增长单台发电机的容量越来越大，目的就是满足不断增长的用电需求。的用电需求。2)What does a fuse do?It protects a circuit.The function of a fu
29、se is to protect a circuit.保险的作用就是保护电路。保险的作用就是保护电路。用不定式短语来替代表示用不定式短语来替代表示目的和功能目的和功能的从句或语句的从句或语句 22Lecture 11)If it is possible,the open-loop control approach should be used in this system.If possible,the open-loop control approach should be used in this system.2)As illustrated in Fig.1,there is a fe
30、edback element in the closed-loop system.As in Fig.1,there is a feedback element in the closed-loop system.就像图就像图1 1所示的那样，这个闭环系统中有一个反馈元件。所示的那样，这个闭环系统中有一个反馈元件。可能的话，这个系统应该使用开环控制方法。可能的话，这个系统应该使用开环控制方法。省略句使用频繁省略句使用频繁（精炼）（精炼）省略成分：省略成分：状语从句中的主语、全部或部分谓语状语从句中的主语、全部或部分谓语；定语从定语从句中的关系代词句中的关系代词whichwhich和和thatt
31、hat、从句中的助词、从句中的助词等；还等；还常用常用介词短语替代从句介词短语替代从句。23Lecture 13)The device includes an instrument transformation and a relay system which has two circuits in it.The device includes an instrument transformation and a relay system with two circuits in it.这个装置包括一个互感器和一个有两个电路的继电器系统。这个装置包括一个互感器和一个有两个电路的继电器系统。其他
32、常用的省略形式：其他常用的省略形式：If so 倘若如此As previously mentioned 前已提到When needed(necessary,feasible)必要时Where feasible 在实际可行的场合Where possible 在可能的情况下As already discussed 前已讨论As explained before 前已解释As described above 如上所示If possible(necessary)如果可能（必要）24Lecture 1It 句型和祈使句使用频繁句型和祈使句使用频繁（准确、精炼）（准确、精炼）It is very impo
33、rtant(possible,necessary,natural,inevitable)toIt takes very much time learningIt is clear(possible,necessary,natural,inevitable)thatIt happened that It must be admitted thatLet A be equal to B.设设A A等于等于B B。Consider a high-pressure chamber.假如有一个高气压气候室假如有一个高气压气候室。25Lecture 11)It has been mentioned abo
34、ve that the electrons in a metal are able to move freely through the metal,that their motion constitutes an electric current in the metal and that they play an important part in conduction of heat.前面已经提到：金属中电子能自由地通过金属，电子的移前面已经提到：金属中电子能自由地通过金属，电子的移动在金属中形成了电流，电子在热传导中起着重要的作用。动在金属中形成了电流，电子在热传导中起着重要的作用。复
35、杂长句使用频繁复杂长句使用频繁（准确、精炼）（准确、精炼）为了完整、准确地表达事物内在联系，使用大量从句为了完整、准确地表达事物内在联系，使用大量从句26Lecture 12)The reluctance motor operates synchronously at a speed which is determined by the supply frequency and the number of poles for which the stator is wound.磁磁阻阻电电动动机机以以某某一一速速率率同同步步运运转转，该该速速率率是是由由电电源源频频率率和和定子绕制的级数决定的
36、。定子绕制的级数决定的。3)The testing of a cross-field generator will be described in this section with chief reference to the tests that are normally taken on every machine before it leaves the makers works.交交磁磁发发电电机机的的试试验验将将在在本本节节中中叙叙述述，它它主主要要涉涉及及每每台台电电机在离开制造厂前应进行的试验。机在离开制造厂前应进行的试验。27Lecture 11)All radiant en
37、ergies have wavelike characteristics,which are analogous to those of waves moving through water.All radiant energies have wavelike characteristics analogous to those of waves moving through water.2)The instruments present include some digital ones which are relative to DSPs.The instruments present include some digital ones relative to DSPs.所有的辐射能都具有波的特性，与水中移动的波的特征相似。所有的辐射能都具有波的特性，与水中移动的波的特征相似。到场的仪器中还有一些与到场的仪器中还有一些与DSPDSP有关的数字仪器。有关的数字仪器。后置形容词短语作定语多后置形容词短语作定语多（精炼）（精炼）代替定语从句作后置定语，使句子简洁、紧凑，不至于累赘。代替定语从句作后置定语，使句子简洁、紧凑，不至于累赘。28谢谢谢谢!29