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1、 一、名词 【考点直击】1可数名词和不可数名词的用法；2名词所有格的构成及用法；3近义名词的辨析。【名师点睛】一、名词的数 1单数和复数 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾“-s”构成，其主要变法如下：（1）一般情况在词尾加-s，例如：bookbooks，girlgirls，boyboys，penpens,doctordoctors,boyboys。（2）以 s，x，ch，sh，结尾的词加-es，例如：busbuses，classclasses，boxboxes，watchwatches，brushbrushes。（3）以 ce,se,ze,（d）ge 结尾的名词加
2、 s，例如：orangeoranges。（4）以辅音母加 y 结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加-es,例如：citycities,factoryfactories,countrycountries,familyfamilies。但要注意的是以元音字母加 y 结尾的名词的复数形式只加 s，如：boyboys,daydays。（5）以o结尾的词多数都加-es。例如:heroheroes，potatopotatoes，tomatotomatoes,但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s。例如：zoozoos，radioradios，还有某些外来词也只加-s，例如：photophotos，pianopianos
3、。（6）以 f 或 fe 结尾的词，多数变 f 为 v 再加-es，例如：knifeknives，leafleaves,halfhalves。复数词尾 s（或 es）的读音方法如下表所示。复数词尾 s（或 es）的读音方法 情 况 读法 例 词 在ptkf等清辅音后 s cups,hats,cakes 在szt F等音后 iz glasses,pages,oranges,buses,watches,faces 在bd v等浊辅音后 z beds,dogs,cities,knives （7）少数名词有不规则的复数形式，例如：manmen，womanwomen，toothteeth，footfee
4、t，childchildren，mousemice。【注意】与 man 和 woman 构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men 和-women。例如：an Englishman，two Englishmen。但 German 不是合成词，故复数形式为 Germans；man,woman 等作定语时，它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定，如：men workers，women teachers。有个别名词单复数一样，例如：Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，fish 等。但当 fish 表示不同种类的鱼时，可以加复数词尾。（8）单数形式但其意为复数的名词有：people,po
5、lice 等。（9）数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式，中间加连字符。例如：ten-minutes walk,an 8-year-old girl,a ten-mile walk。（10）还有些名词仅有复数形式，如：trousers，clothes，chopsticks，glasses，goods，ashes，scissors，compasses。（11）只用作单数的复数形式的名词有：科学名词：physics,mathematics/maths 游戏名称：bowls 专有名词：the United States,Niagara Falls 其他名词：news,falls 2不可数名词
6、“量”的表示方法 在英语中，不可数名词如果要表示“量”的概念，可以用以下两种方法：（1）用 much,a little,a lot of/lots of,some,any 等表示多少，例如：The rich man has a lot of money There is some milk in the bottle Is there any water in the glass？I dont like winter because theres too much snow and ice （2）用 a piece of 这类定语，例如：a piece of paper a piece of
7、wood a piece of bread a bottle of orange a glass of water（milk）a cup of tea a cup of tea a bag of rice three bags of rice 如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时，在容器后加复数，例如：two cups of tea four pieces of paper three glasses of water 不可数名词也可用 a lot of,lots of,some,any,much 等来修饰。二、名词的所有格 名词所有格，用来表示人或物的所有，以及领属关系。1.表示有生命
8、的名词的所有格其单数形式是加 s,其复数形式是 s，例如：a students room,students rooms,fathers shoes。2.如其结尾不是 s 的复数形式仍加 s，如：Childrens Day。3.在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用 s，例如：a twenty minutes walk，ten miles journey，a boats length，two pounds weight,ten dollars worth。4.无生命名词的所有格则必须用 of 结构，例如：a map of China，the end of this te
9、rm，the capital of our country,the color of the flowers。5.双重所有格，例如：a friend of my fathers。【注意】如果两个名词并列，并且分别有 s，则表示“分别有”，例如：Johns and Marys rooms（约翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间）；Toms and Marys bikes（两人各自的自行车）。两个名词并列，只有一个s，则表示“共有”，例如：John and Marys room（约翰和玛丽共有一间）；Tom and Marys mother（即 Tom 与 Mary是兄妹）。【实例解析】1.（2004 年上海
10、徐汇区中考试题）These _ have saved many childrens lives.A.woman doctors B.women doctor C.women doctors D.woman doctor 答案：C。该题考查的是名词作定语时的变化。woman 作定语时要和被修饰的名词保持数的一致。2.(2004 年河北省中考试题)This is _ bedroom.The twin sisters like it very much.A.Anne and Jane B.Annes and Janes C.Annes and Jane D.Anne and Janes 答案：D。该
11、题考查的是并列名词的所有格。两人共有一个房间时，只在后面的名词后加s。3.(2004 年吉林省中考试题)-Are there any _ on the farm?-Yes,there are some.A.horse B.duck C.chicken D.sheep 答案：D。该题考查的是特殊名词的复数形式。从谓语动词来判断，主语应该是复数名词。只有 sheep 可用作复数名词。4.(2004 年佛山市中考试题)-What would you like to drink,_ or orange?-Orange,please.A.hamburger B.chip C.tea 答案：C。该题考查的
12、是名词的类别。三种东西中只有tea 能喝。【中考演练】一.单项填空 1-Where have you been,Tim?-Ive been to _.A.the Henry house B.the Henry family C.The Henrys home D.Henrys 2In England,if _ is in the middle of the day,the evening meal is called supper.A.food B.lunch C.breakfast D.dinner 3 You looked for it twice,but you haven t foun
13、d it.Why not try _.A.three times B.a third time C.the third time D.once 4-They are thirsty.Will you please give them _?-Certainly.A.some bottles of waters B.some bottles of water C.some bottle of water D.some bottle of waters 5Mike hurt one of his _ in the accident yesterday.A.tooth B.feet C.hand D.
14、ear 6There is some _ on the plate.A.cakes B.meat C.potato D.pears 7In England,the last name is the _.A.family name B.middle C.given name D.full name 8The are going to fly _ to Beijing.A.Germen B.Germany C.Germanys D.Germans 9The_ has two _.A.boys;watches B.boy;watch C.boy;watches D.boys;watch 10The
15、little baby has two _ already.A.tooth B.tooths C.teeth D.teeths 11Whats your _ for being late again?A.idea B.key C.excuse D.news 12-Its dangerous here.Wed better go out quickly.-But I think we should let _ go out first.A.woman and children B.women and child C.woman and child D.women and children 13-
16、You can see Mr.Smith if there is a sign“_”on the door of his shop.-Thanks.A.ENTRANCE B.BUSINESS HOURS C.THIS SIDE UP D.NO SMOKING 14Are they going to have a picnic on _?A.Childrens Day B.Childrenss Day C.Childrens Day D.Children Day 15Where are the students?Are they in _?A.the Room 406 B.Room 406 C.
17、the 406 Room D.406 Room 二.根据下列句子的情景及所给汉语注释，写出所缺单词。1.Weve got a lot of new _(杂志)in our school library.2.Please turn to another _（频道）,I dont like this show.3.Yesterday the _(航班)to London was put off because of the bad weather.4.Autumn is my favourite (季节)5.-How many _(小刀)do you have?-Three.6._ are wid
18、ely used in the modern world.7.June 1st is _(儿童)Day.8.Mary,would you please tell me your new _(地址)so that I can write to you.9.-Does this piece of _(音乐)sound nice?-Yes.Its wonderful!10.May 12th is the International _(护士)Day.Lets say“Thanks”to them for their work.三.根据句意和所给首字母写出所缺的单词。1.“Whats your n_?
19、”“Li Lei.”2.How many d_ does your uncle have?3.Please close the w_.Its cold outside.4.If you want study English well,you must pay attention to your p_.5.A computer is one of the greatest i_ in the world.6.Zhang Hui is very excited.He will go to Japan with his p_ during the Spring Festival.7.At the a
20、_ of seven,the lonely girl had to work to make living.8.Its only about an h_ flight from Qingdao to Beijing by air.9.Health is more important to me than m_.10.Be careful!Its d_ to run across the street now.【练习答案】一1.D 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.C 11.C 12.D 13.B 14.A 15.B 二1.magazines 2.Channel 3.flight 4.season 5.knives 6.Computers 7.Childrens 8.address 9.music 10.Nurses 三1.name 2.daughters 3.window 4.pronunciation 5.inventions 6.parents 7.age 8.hours 9.money 10.dangerous