《最新初中英语语法精讲动词不定式用法(教案).pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《最新初中英语语法精讲动词不定式用法(教案).pdf（17页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、初中英语语法精讲动词不定式初中英语语法精讲动词不定式用法用法(教案教案)动词不定式用法动词不定式用法动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不在句中不能独立作谓语。能独立作谓语。但动词不定式具有名词、但动词不定式具有名词、形容词形容词和副词特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补和副词特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。另外，动足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。另外，动词不定式具有动词特点，词不定式具有动词特点，可以有自己的宾语和状可以有自己的宾语和状语，语，组成动词不定式短语。组成动词不定式短语。动词不定式的肯定形动词不定式的肯定形式是
2、式是 totododo；其否认形式是；其否认形式是 not tonot tododo。下面以动词不定式在句中的作用来予以详细说下面以动词不定式在句中的作用来予以详细说明。明。1 1作主语作主语可以直接作主语。可以直接作主语。如：如：To see is to believeTo see is to believe但在英语中，但在英语中，常用常用 it it 作形式主语，作形式主语，真正的主真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。如：语即动词不定式放在后面。如：Its wrong to play tricks on other peopleIts wrong to play tricks on other
3、 peopleIts our duty to keep our environment cleanIts our duty to keep our environment cleanand tidyand tidy点击规律：点击规律：动词不定式在句中作主语时，动词不定式在句中作主语时，常放常放在在 It isIt is adj+(for sb.)adj+(for sb.)(not)to do sth(not)to do sth 句型中，句型中，表示说话人对客观事件的决断，意为：做表示说话人对客观事件的决断，意为：做.是是的，的，it it 仅作形式主语，仅作形式主语，真正的主语是真正的主语是
4、to doto dosthsthIt is very interesting to read.It is very interesting to read.读书是有趣的读书是有趣的It is useful to read.It is useful to read.看书是有用的看书是有用的It is healthy to run every day.It is healthy to run every day.每天跑步是健康每天跑步是健康的的It is a little difficulty for me to work out thisIt is a little difficulty for
5、 me to work out thisquestion.question.解出这道题对我来说有点难解出这道题对我来说有点难It is bad not to finish homework.It is bad not to finish homework.不完成作业不完成作业是糟糕的是糟糕的It is bad to be late for school.It is bad to be late for school.迟到是糟糕的迟到是糟糕的It is+adj+of sb+(not)to do sthIt is+adj+of sb+(not)to do sth 该句型通常表该句型通常表示说话人对
6、客观事件的惊讶、兴奋、懊悔、难过示说话人对客观事件的惊讶、兴奋、懊悔、难过等感慨情绪，等感慨情绪，与与 It isIt is adj+(for sb.)adj+(for sb.)(not)to do(not)to dosthsth 的意义不同。的意义不同。It is very kind of you to tell me the truthIt is very kind of you to tell me the truth 你能你能告诉我事实，真是太好了告诉我事实，真是太好了It is stupid of him to do such a sillyIt is stupid of him t
7、o do such a sillythingthing 他做那件傻事，真是太笨了他做那件傻事，真是太笨了It is very clever of you to work out thisIt is very clever of you to work out thisquestion.question.你能解出这道题目，真是太聪明了你能解出这道题目，真是太聪明了It is very wise of you to read this novel.It is very wise of you to read this novel.你看你看这本小说，真是太明智了这本小说，真是太明智了这个句型中用介词
8、这个句型中用介词ofof而不是而不是forfor的原因是这里的原因是这里We agreed to start earlyWe agreed to start earlyShe wants to be a doctorShe wants to be a doctorb b lovelove，likelike，beginbegin，startstart，hatehate，preferprefer等词后面可以接不定式。等词后面可以接不定式。点击规律：点击规律：上述动词后面除接不定式上述动词后面除接不定式外，还可以接动名词，意思无很大区别。外，还可以接动名词，意思无很大区别。提示板：提示板：like
9、doinglike doing 指经常性动作，指经常性动作，而而 like to dolike to do 指一次性的动作。如：指一次性的动作。如：I like swimmingI like swimming，but I dont like tobut I dont like toswim nowswim now我喜欢游泳，但我现在不想游。我喜欢游泳，但我现在不想游。c cstopstop，forgetforget，rememberremember，go ongo on，trytry等词或短语后面可以接不定式。等词或短语后面可以接不定式。点击规律：点击规律：上述动词后面接不定式和上述动词后面接
10、不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。接动名词意思大不相同。提示板：提示板：1 1stop to do sthstop to do sth：停止一件事，去：停止一件事，去做另一件事。做另一件事。stop doing sthstop doing sth：停止正在做的：停止正在做的事。事。做做2 2forget to do sthforget to do sth：忘记要去做某事未：忘记要去做某事未做做forget doing sthforget doing sth：忘记做过某事已做：忘记做过某事已做3 3 remember to do sthremember to do sth：记得去做某事记得去做某事
11、未未remember doing sthremember doing sth：记得做过某事记得做过某事已已4 4go on to do sthgo on to do sth：接着做另一件事接：接着做另一件事接go on doing sthgo on doing sth：继续不停的做某事或间继续不停的做某事或间5 5try to do sthtry to do sth：试着做某事实际上意：试着做某事实际上意做做下去做与原来不同的一件事下去做与原来不同的一件事断后继续做原来没有做完的事断后继续做原来没有做完的事思是努力想做成某事思是努力想做成某事 eg:I tried to escape,but
12、Ieg:I tried to escape,but Ifailed.failed.我努力着想逃走，但是没有成功我努力着想逃走，但是没有成功Try doing sthTry doing sth：试着做某事实际上是：试着做某事实际上是为了到达另外一个目的，为了到达另外一个目的，-So hot here,isnt-So hot here,isntit?-Yes,why not try turning on the airit?-Yes,why not try turning on the airconditioner?conditioner?很热，是吧。很热，是吧。“恩，就是。咱“恩，就是。咱们开开
13、空调吧，看看能不能凉快点儿。们开开空调吧，看看能不能凉快点儿。例句：例句：When the teacher came inWhen the teacher came in，the studentsthe studentsstopped talkingstopped talking；when he came outwhen he came out，the studentsthe studentsstopped to talkstopped to talk 当老师走进来时，学生们停止当老师走进来时，学生们停止说话；当老师走出去时，学生们又开始说话。说话；当老师走出去时，学生们又开始说话。d d在在
14、 findfindfeelfeelit itadjadjto do sthto do sth句句型中，型中，it it 是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。不定式。就是说不定式由就是说不定式由 it it 代替，代替，把不定式放到把不定式放到后面去。这可以用这一结构表达：动词后面去。这可以用这一结构表达：动词(如如 findfind，thinkthink，considerconsider，feelfeel 等等)+it+)+it+形容词形容词+不定式。不定式。如：如：She considers it necessary to makeShe consid
15、ers it necessary to makefriends with him.friends with him.We find it difficult to finish all the homeworkWe find it difficult to finish all the homeworkbefore 9 oclock.before 9 oclock.The man downstairs found it difficult toThe man downstairs found it difficult toget to sleepget to sleepI feel it ea
16、sy to recite the textI feel it easy to recite the texte.e.动词动词+疑问代疑问代(副副)词词+不定式：不定式：这类动词常见的有这类动词常见的有 adviseadvise，decidedecide，find outfind out，forgetforget，inquireinquire，knowknow，learnlearn，seesee，regardregard，rememberremember，teachteach，telltell，understandunderstand，wonderwonder等。常见的疑问代等。常见的疑问代(副
17、副)词有词有:what:what，whenwhen，wherewhere，whichwhich，howhow，whetherwhether 等。等。1.He does not know when to start.1.He does not know when to start.2.You can decide whether to continue or to stop.2.You can decide whether to continue or to stop.3.I will show you how to deal with it.3.I will show you how to d
18、eal with it.3 3作宾语补足语作宾语补足语a atelltell，askask，wantwant，orderorder，teachteach，inviteinvite，warnwarn，wishwish，helphelp，getget，wishwish，helphelp 等词后面等词后面常接不定式作宾补。如：常接不定式作宾补。如：I tell him not to go there by busI tell him not to go there by bus Edisons mother taught him to readEdisons mother taught him to
19、 readand writeand writeb b letlet，makemake，havehave，seesee，hearhear，feelfeel，watchwatch，noticenotice 后面接不带后面接不带 toto 的不定式作宾补。如：的不定式作宾补。如：The boss makes them work 16 hours a dayThe boss makes them work 16 hours a day I Iheard her sing in the next roomheard her sing in the next room提示板：假设变成被动语态，在上述结构中
20、，提示板：假设变成被动语态，在上述结构中，不定式符号不定式符号 toto 要加上。如：要加上。如：They are made to work 16 hours a day byThey are made to work 16 hours a day bythe bossthe bossShe was heard to sing in the next roomShe was heard to sing in the next room4 4作定语：放在被修饰的名词、代词后面作定语：放在被修饰的名词、代词后面例句：例句：I have a lot of work to doI have a lot
21、 of work to doHe could do nothing to help the boyHe could do nothing to help the boyThere was really nothing to fearThere was really nothing to fearHe gave me an interesting book to readHe gave me an interesting book to read点击规律：动词不定式假设在句中作定点击规律：动词不定式假设在句中作定语，常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。语，常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。提示板：如果动词
22、不定式和前面所修饰提示板：如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系，的词构成动宾关系，假设动词是不及物动词，假设动词是不及物动词，切切记不要忘掉介词。如：记不要忘掉介词。如：I have a small bedroom to live inI have a small bedroom to live inHave you got some pens to write withHave you got some pens to write with？Mary needs a friend to play withMary needs a friend to play withThat girl
23、 has nothing to worry aboutThat girl has nothing to worry aboutThey have a strict teacher to listen toThey have a strict teacher to listen to5 5表语：放在连系动词表语：放在连系动词 bebe 后面后面例句：例句：His wish is to become a scientistHis wish is to become a scientistThe first important thing is to save theThe first import
24、ant thing is to save thesoldiers livessoldiers lives当务之急是抢救战士们的生命。当务之急是抢救战士们的生命。点击规律：点击规律：动词不定式在句中作表语时，动词不定式在句中作表语时，通常对连系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。通常对连系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。6 6作状语作状语a a 目的状语：目的状语：放在放在 gogo，comecome，useuse，livelive，in orderin order 等词后面。如：等词后面。如：I come to see youI come to see youHe runs fast in order t
25、o get there inHe runs fast in order to get there intimetimeb b原因状语：放在原因状语：放在 sorrysorry，gladglad，surprisedsurprised，disappointeddisappointed，excitedexcited 等词后面。等词后面。如：如：I am glad to see you hereI am glad to see you hereI am sorry to trouble youI am sorry to trouble youc c作结果状语。如：作结果状语。如：Some of the
26、 apples are hard toSome of the apples are hard toreachreachThe room is large enough to holdThe room is large enough to hold1000 people1000 people7 7与与whatwhat，whowho，whosewhose，whenwhen，wherewhere，howhow 等疑问词连用，作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等疑问词连用，作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等。如：等。如：I dont know what to do nextI dont know what to do
27、next 宾语宾语He taught us how to use theHe taught us how to use thecomputercomputer 宾语补足语宾语补足语Its still a question how to get thereIts still a question how to get there 主主语语8 8、在动词在动词 helphelp 之后可用不带之后可用不带 toto 的不定式，的不定式，也可也可用带用带 toto 的不定式。例如：的不定式。例如：1.Help the old lady(to)carry the heavy box.1.Help the
28、 old lady(to)carry the heavy box.9 9、在在 had betterhad better，would ratherwould rather，maymaymight asmight aswellwell，rather thanrather than，can not butcan not but 等搭配之后初中等搭配之后初中英语语法总结，动词不定式也不带英语语法总结，动词不定式也不带 toto。例如：。例如：1.Unless you feel to ill to go out1.Unless you feel to ill to go out，I would rat
29、herI would rathernot stay at home tonightnot stay at home tonight2.She could not but criticize his foolish2.She could not but criticize his foolishbehaviour.behaviour.10.10.在介词在介词 butbut，exceptexcept 之后，之后，如果其前有动词如果其前有动词 dodo的某种形式，的某种形式，其后不定式一般不带其后不定式一般不带 toto，反之那么反之那么必须带必须带 toto，表示“只能。例如：，表示“只能。例如：
30、1.He will do anything except work on the farm1.He will do anything except work on the farm2.There was nothing left for the enemy to do but2.There was nothing left for the enemy to do butsurrendersurrender3.The spy3.The spy 间谍间谍 was both hungry and coldwas both hungry and cold；theretherewas nothing l
31、eft for him but to give inwas nothing left for him but to give in4.I had no choice but to wait till it stopped4.I had no choice but to wait till it stoppedrainingraining1111、下面一些短语是固定搭配，不带、下面一些短语是固定搭配，不带 toto：can not help butcan not help but，can not choose butcan not choose but，can notcan notbutbut，
32、do nothing butdo nothing but，have nothing to do buthave nothing to do but。例如：例如：I can not but admire his courage.I can not but admire his courage.如果上述句中有如果上述句中有 dodo，toto 省略：省略：I did nothing but watch TV last nightI did nothing but watch TV last night如果是下面一个固定搭配，就带如果是下面一个固定搭配，就带 toto：I have no choic
33、e but to give up my idea.I have no choice but to give up my idea.1212、紧跟在紧跟在 whywhy 或或 why notwhy not 之后的动词不定式总之后的动词不定式总是不带是不带 toto。但是，紧跟在。但是，紧跟在 whowho，whatwhat，whichwhich，whetherwhether 等连接词后的不定式带等连接词后的不定式带 toto。例如：。例如：Why stand up if you can sit down?Why stand up if you can sit down?Why not ask y
34、our teacher when you dontWhy not ask your teacher when you dontunderstand the meaning?understand the meaning?You neednt decide whether to study arts orYou neednt decide whether to study arts orsciencescience练习：练习：单项选择单项选择1.The chair looks very old,but in fact it is1.The chair looks very old,but in f
35、act it isvery comfortable to _.very comfortable to _.A.sitA.sitB.sit onB.sit onC.be satC.be satD.be sat onD.be sat on2.The purpose of the plan is not to help the2.The purpose of the plan is not to help theemployers but _ work for young people.employers but _ work for young people.A.provideA.provideB
36、.to provideB.to provideC.C.providingprovidingD.providedD.provided3.He arrived at the office early,_ a3.He arrived at the office early,_ agood example to the others.good example to the others.A.setA.setB.to setB.to setC.to be setC.to be setD.D.having sethaving set4.Im afraid they would not allow him4
37、.Im afraid they would not allow him_ here._ here.A.to smokeA.to smokeB.smokingB.smokingC.smokesC.smokesD.smokeD.smoke5.We looked everywhere for the keys,but5.We looked everywhere for the keys,butthey are nowhere _they are nowhere _A.to find B.to have foundA.to find B.to have foundC.to beC.to befound
38、foundD.being foundD.being found6.Mother told me _ the water6.Mother told me _ the waterbefore I drank it.before I drank it.A.boilingA.boilingB.boiledB.boiledC.boilC.boilD.to boilD.to boil7.It took us more than two hours7.It took us more than two hoursthe dinnerthe dinnerA prepareA prepareB preparing
39、B preparingC toC toprepareprepareD to be preparedD to be prepared8.Please remember _ the plants while8.Please remember _ the plants whileIm away.Im away.A.watering B.to be wateringA.watering B.to be wateringC.toC.towaterwater D.being wateringD.being watering9._ wine,first you must press the9._ wine,
40、first you must press thegrapes.grapes.A.MakingA.MakingB.To makeB.To makeC.To beC.To bemakingmakingD.MakeD.Make10.John was made _ the car for a10.John was made _ the car for aweek as a punishment.week as a punishment.A.to washA.to washB.washingB.washingC.washC.washD.to be washingD.to be washing11.As
41、a result of my laziness,I failed11.As a result of my laziness,I failed_ my work in time._ my work in time.A.and finishedA.and finishedB.to finishB.to finishC.C.and finishingand finishingD.to finishedD.to finished12.Il12.Ill have to change my clothes before Il have to change my clothes before Igo out
42、go out I dont want _ like this.I dont want _ like this.A.to seeA.to see B.to be seeingB.to be seeingC.to beC.to beseenseenD.being seenD.being seen13.The workers want us13.The workers want ustogethertogetherwith them.with them.A workA workB workingB workingC to workC to workD Dworkedworked14.He promi
43、sed_ me a nice car.14.He promised_ me a nice car.A.buyA.buyB.to buyB.to buyC.boughtC.boughtD.to have boughtD.to have bought15.He was made15.He was madeA goA goB goneB goneC goingC goingD to goD to go16.16.Youd better _a rest now.Youd better _a rest now.A.to haveA.to haveB.haveB.haveC.havingC.havingD
44、.hadD.had17.I17.I m hungry.Get me somethingm hungry.Get me somethingA eatA eatB to eatB to eatC eatingC eatingD Dfor eatingfor eating18.People must stop _down trees.18.People must stop _down trees.A.to cutA.to cutB.cuttingB.cuttingC.cutC.cut19.I would mend your radio,but I dont19.I would mend your r
45、adio,but I dontknow _.know _.A.howA.howB.toB.toC.how toC.how toD.to howD.to how20.She did nothing20.She did nothingat the photoat the photoA except lookA except lookB but to lookB but to lookC except toC except tolooklookD but lookingD but looking21.When I handed the report to John,he21.When I hande
46、d the report to John,hesaid that George was the person _.said that George was the person _.A.to sendA.to send B.for sending itB.for sending itC.to send itC.to send itto D.for sending it toto D.for sending it to22.22.“Have you decided whenHave you decided when?Yes,tomorrow morningYes,tomorrow morning
47、A to leaveA to leaveB to be leavingB to be leavingC will youC will youleaveleaveD are you leavingD are you leaving23.We agreed23.We agreedhere but so far shehere but so far shehasnhasn t turned up yet.t turned up yet.A having metA having metB meetingB meetingC to meetC to meetD to have metD to have
48、met24.24.Id rather_ a cup of coffee.Id rather_ a cup of coffee.A.to haveA.to haveB.havingB.havingC Chavehave25.I25.I dont like traveling by boat,it alwaysdont like traveling by boat,it alwaysmakes me _sick.makes me _sick.A.to feelA.to feelB.feelingB.feelingC.C.feelfeel【参考答案】【参考答案】1 15 BBBAC5 BBBAC6 610 DCCBA10 DCCBA11111515BCCBDBCCBD161620 BBBCA20 BBBCA212125 CACCC25 CACCC