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1、专题十八任务型阅读知识清单一、考点分析任务型阅读是“阅读理解”的另一种形式,综合考查学生归纳概括能力和语篇结构理解能力。其内容涉及广泛,要求学生在阅读理解的基础上,完成一项任务或解决一个问题。所以“任务型阅读”是介于阅读理解和写作之间,其任务已不同于阅读理解中的选择题或书面表达,而是在理解文字的基础上,完成相应的图表或文字练习,从而有效地测试学生用英语“做事”的能力。根据任务类型,常见题型有以下四种:1.完成表格型此类任务型阅读要求我们在理解文本信息的基础上,根据材料提供的直接信息或由我们推理、提炼后的间接信息完成题目要求的任务。其阅读内容更贴近学生的生活实际,任务的设置变化多样,不光有简单信
2、息的捕捉,而且有阅读短文,通过对短文信息的归纳,加工处理,运用语言逻辑推理和思维能力来完成表格。2.回答问题型此类任务型阅读要求我们根据短文、表格、图片或图文结合的材料回答命题者设定的问题,所设置的任务通过事实或细节的查找就能完成,与普通阅读理解的解题方法相似,只是题目设计采用了主观题形式,没有给出选项,需要我们从材料中寻求信息,以一个完整的句子,或者是其适当的缩略形式作答。从问题所涉及的内容看,考查文本表层理解多于深层理解,其设计的问题多为五 W 或一般疑问句的细节性问题,而涉及推理判断、文章主旨、写作意图及作者态度、感受等的题目则少之又少。此类题型是学生失分较多的题型之一,要求学生有较扎实
3、的语言基础和较强的综合运用英语的能力。3.句子还原型还原短文型“阅读理解”题有两种形式:即选择句子还原短文和排列段落还原短文。第一种形式要求考生根据短文内容,从文后所给的句子中选出适当的句子填入短文空白处。第二种形式是给出一篇 200300 个词的短文,要求考生根据短文内容和结构,将顺序打乱的段落重新排序,有时首段或尾段的位置已给出。这种题型旨在考查考生对短文整体结构的理解能力,要求考生从短文的篇章结构的层面上把握短文,了解其大概意思和结构,分清句子或段落之间的逻辑关系,然后还原成短文的原貌。4.多元综合型此类任务型阅读是上述各种题型的综合,可以给出不同的任务让学生逐一完成。一般是在问题设计上
4、兼顾了多种类型,既有根据短文设计的问答题和相应的翻译题、句型转换等,又有根据内容完成句子,完成这一题型应非常细致,应认真地到原材料中收集有用的信息,并且经过整理输出信息。在明白题意和文意的基础上,仔细阅读后面的题目要求,根据实际情况去完成所要求的任务。二、解题步骤1.明确任务。由于题目要求形式多样,在同一篇阅读材料中会要求完成不同的任务,因此解题前要先明确任务,做到心中有数。2.一一对应,紧扣原文。即在原文中找出问题题干所包括的信息部分,这样就可以快速准确地抓住有效信息,确保答题的准确性。如果是根据英文释义写单词的题,则一定要确保所填的单词来源于原文,切不可脱离原文,随意发挥。3.注意读写结合
5、。任务型阅读不仅考查学生阅读理解层面的能力,更加注重考查学生“写”的能力。若是写单词,则要注意拼写正确,词形、词性有无变化,是否需要大写;若所要完成的是短语或句子成分,则需谨慎对待,依据所给题干分析要完成的是什么句子成分,需用什么样的表达方式,不可简单草率地将文中信息直接挪用。4.认真检查。完成任务后要重新审视材料,检查所做的答案是否复合要求,同时语言要精练准确。提分策略1.认真审题,读懂题意由于题目要求形式多样,在同一篇阅读材料中会要求完成不同的任务,因此解题前要先明确任务,做到心中有数。2.快速阅读,掌握大意在做题时要快速扫视一下文章的大意,然后结合前面的题目的要求,大致明白所要完成的任务
6、。3.细读题目,完成任务在明白题意和文章意思的基础上,仔细阅读后面的题目要求,在原文中找出问题题干所包括的信息部分,这样就可以快速准确地抓住有效信息,确保答题的准确性。如果是根据英文释义写单词的题,则一定要确保所填的单词来源于原文,切不可脱离原文,随意发挥。4.复读文章,核实任务在初步完成所要求的任务以后,学生必须再仔细阅读所提供的短文,结合题意、文章和文后提供的任务信息、认真核实任务以保证答题正确。5.注意读写结合任务型阅读不仅考查学生阅读理解层面的能力,更加注重考查学生“写”的能力。若是写单词,则要注意拼写正确,词形、词性有无变化,是否需要大写;若所要完成的是短语或句子成分,则需谨慎对待,
7、依据所给题干分析要完成的是什么句子成分,需用什么样的表达方式,不可简单草率地将文中信息直接挪用。总之,任务型阅读理解不同于传统的阅读理解,它介于阅读理解与写作之间,教师应该适应新课改的要求,掌握任务型阅读理解的特点,加强学生任务型阅读能力的培养。【例 1】(2014江苏镇江6165)Have you ever asked your relatives or friends if there is Wi-Fi in their houses?Have you eversearched for Wi-Fi when you are at restaurants or hotels?The answ
8、ers will probably be“Yes”.Most of us want Wi-Fi everywhere as if we cant live without it.But we can only use free Wi-Fi insome public places.We still have to spend some money accessing(连接)the Internet at most time.Here comes a piece of good news.A rich,powerful organization in the USA called the Med
9、ia Development InvestmentFund(MDIF)has decided to change the age of online computing(计算)completely by giving freeWi-Fi to every person on Earth.They will send up hundreds of satellites into low Earth orbit(轨道)in 2015.This is because they have made a survey and found that only 60%of the worlds popula
10、tionhave been able to get information on the Internet.And this is also because many countries areunable to offer people the necessary infrastructure(基础设施)to access the web.We can expect to use free Wi-Fi everywhere in the near future.阅读以上信息,用恰当的词完成下面的表格,每空一词。Many of us want Wi-Fi everywhere as if we
11、 cant livePresent situationwithout it.Accessing the Internet1us some money.MDIF has made a decision to send up hundreds of satellitesWhat theinto low Earth orbit in 2015 so that for every person onorganization will doEarth,there will be free Wi-Fi2.Only 60%of the worlds population have been able to
12、getinformation on the Internet.3Many countries cant4people with the necessaryinfrastructure to access the web.What we can expectFree Wi-Fi will5the world in the near future.【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了当下非常流行的Wi-Fi。当你到亲戚或朋友家或在餐厅或宾馆,都免不了去搜寻 Wi-Fi,这些里面有的 Wi-Fi 是免费的,而有的是收费的。令人高兴的是美国一家有实力的组织MDIF到2015年将为全球的人们提供免费
13、的Wi-Fi。【答案】1.costs根据文章第一段句子“We still have to spend some money accessing(连接)theInternet at most time.”可知搜寻网络花很多钱,所以填 costs。2.available根据文章第二段句子“(MDIF)has decided to change the age of onlinecomputing(计算)completely by giving free Wi-Fi to every person on Earth.”可知在 2015 年MDIF 将提供免费的 Wi-Fi,所以说到 2015 年全球
14、将有免费的 Wi-Fi可以使用的。可以利用的要 available 来表示。3.Reason(s)/Cause(s)根据文章第三段句子“This is because they have made a survey andfound that only 60%of the worlds population have been able to get information on the Internet.”中的关键词 because 可知,这些是 MDIF 为人们提供免费 Wi-Fi的原因。4.provide根据文章第三段句子“many countries are unable to off
15、er people the necessaryinfrastructure(基础设施)to access the web”中的关键词 offer 可知很多国家不能够为人们提供搜寻网络的基础设施。provide sb.with sth.表示“为某人提供某物”。5.cover/s根据文章最后一段“We can expect to use free Wi-Fi everywhere in the nearfuture.”可知在不久的将来,免费的 Wi-Fi将覆盖全球。cover 意为“覆盖”。【例 2】(2013山东莱芜)阅读短文,根据要求完成下面各小题。A life coach is somebo
16、dy who helps you reach all kinds of personal and professional goals(目标).Each of us has the ability to be our own life coach.Here are some tips for you:Pay attention to your relationships with othersAsk yourself the following questions:How do you deal with disagreements?When was thelast time you show
17、ed your family members that you care for them?Your relationships withfriends,family members and teachers show a lot about what kind of person you are.Face the fears about the futureNow,imagine that one of your good friends told you that he or she was not strong enough togo back to school.3We often g
18、ive better advice than we are willing to take ourselves.Rememberthat even the most successful people were probably told that what they wanted to do wasimpossible,but they followed their dreams and succeed.Develop your talentsIf you want to reach your goals,you will have to spend more time developing
19、 the talents youalready have,and uncovering any hidden talents that you havent discovered yet.So you can takeclasses in subjects that you are interested in,even if you have no experience.Be thankfulTake some time to be thankful for the things you do have.Remember positive memories.4Think of the best
20、 day(s)you have had in the past months or years.Remember specialparties,vacations and holidays.Appreciate the wonderful people you have in your life.A.根据短文内容简要回答问题。1.Which tip do you think influences you most?2.Why should you pay attention to your relationships with others?B.将短文中画线的句子译成汉语。3.4.C.请给短文
21、拟一个适当的标题。5.【主旨大意】本文主要讲的是我们每个人都是自己的生活导师和如何面对处理生活中的一些问题。【答案】1.Pay attention to your relationships with others./Face the fears about the future./Develop yourtalents./Be thankful.2.Because your/our/my relationships with others/friends,family members and teachers show a lotabout what kind of person you/w
22、e are/I am.3.我们经常给别人更好的建议,而自己却不愿接受。4.想一想在过去的岁月里你拥有的最美好的时光。5.To be your own life coach/Being your own life coach/How to be your own life coach/Thetips/suggestions of being your own life coach.专项训练Passage 1Passage 1(2014(2014江苏常州江苏常州)Much meaning can be conveyed(传送)with our eyes,so it is often said th
23、at eyes can speak.Do you have such kind of experience?In a bus you may look at a stranger,but not too long.And ifhe is sensing that he is being stared(盯)at,he may feel uncomfortable.The same is in daily life.If you are looked at for more than necessary,you will look atyourself up and down to see if
24、there is anything wrong with you.If nothing goes wrong,you willfeel angry toward others stare at you that way.Eyes do speak,right?Looking too long at someone may seem to be impolite and even rude.But things are differentwhen it comes to stare at the opposite sex.If a man stares at a woman for more t
25、han 10 secondsand refuses to turn his eyes away from the woman,hispurpose is obvious.That is,he wishes toattract her attention,to make her understand that he is admiring her.However,the normal eye contact for two people during a conversation is that the speaker willonly look at the listener from tim
26、e to time;in order to make sure that the listener is paying attentionto what the speaker is speaking,to tell him that he is interested.If a speaker looks at you continuously when speaking,as if he tries to control you,you willfeel uncomfortable.A poor liar(说谎者)usually looks too long at the victim,be
27、cause he believesthat looking straight in the eye is a sign of honest communication.In fact,continuous eye contact only happens between two lovers,who will enjoy looking ateach other gently for a long time,to show feeling that words cannot express.Obviously,eye contactshould be done according to the
28、 relationship between two people and the proper situation.Eyes can talk in our daily life.A lot of feelings can be conveyed to others with our eyes.There are a lot of facts to prove it.阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后的表格中填入恰当的单词,每空一词。You may feel1if you are stared at for more than necessary.And you wonder if ther
29、e isanything wrong with you.If not,you will feel very angry.When staring at the opposite sex:Looking too long at a woman you2means that youwant to attract her attention.And most of time,continuous eye contact is just for two lovers.When having a3with others:If the speaker looks at the listener at4du
30、ring theconversation,its a normal eye contact.If the speaker is a liar,looking straight in the eye too longisnt a sign of honest communication.So remember to look at others at the5time.If not,it will make others uncomfortable.Passage 2Passage 2(2014(2014 湖北鄂州湖北鄂州)Everyone has their dream.They give u
31、s courage and confidence to keep us going throughdifficulties.(1)Here is some advice on how to realize our beautiful dreams.Never giving up is thekey to making our dreams come true.We may fail from time to time,but we can learn fromfailure,correct our mistakes and try again until we achieve our goal
32、s.For that reason,no matterwhat difficulties we meet,we wont fail unless we give up our hopes.Our life is like a long journeywhich is not all roses.It sometimes has wind and rain.We believe rainbow will appear afterstorms.(2)We will realize our dreams at last if we do our best.Cooperation is also ne
33、cessary.(3)Everyone likes a person who is good at cooperating with others.(4)除此之外,在我们这个社会里,大多数困难不可能被一个人单独解决。Each of us is like a part of a machine.If one partisnt in order,the machine cant work well.Its hard for a person who is away from the society tohave a deep understanding of the world.Cooperati
34、on is becoming one of the most ways for peopleliving in the developing society.As a saying goes“One tree doesnt make a forest.”At the sametime,we should learn to examine our abilities because it helps us know about our advantages anddisadvantages as well as get a full control of ourselves.Then we ma
35、y be confident enough to facechallenges.Follow the suggestions above,and our dreams are sure to come true.1.把(1)处的句子改成复合句。2.把(2)处的句子改成并列句。3.把(3)处的句子译成汉语。4.把(4)处的句子译成英语。5.写出文章的标题。Passage 3Passage 3(2014(2014江苏东台江苏东台)Now students English handwriting gets worse and worse.That makes their teachers feelw
36、orried.Is your English handwriting beautiful?If not,here are four steps that really work!Use paper that has linesUsing paper that has lines can keep you writing straight whenyou write English words orsentences.Those lines on the paper can help you to write words in the right size.Be sure to fill the
37、lined space completely.And make sure those capital letters(大写字母)are written properly.Slow downIf your writing is hard to read,try slowing down a little.For some kids,going slower makesthe handwriting clear.If you write too fast,its hard for you to stop where you should,and evenworse,you may make mor
38、e mistakes.Hold your pencil rightWhen you hold your pencil the correct way,writing is much easier.Some kids press(按,压)down really hard when they write.That makes the handwriting not nice.Try to relax yourself anddont hold the pencil so hard.Let your writing appear nice and clean.If you do so,people
39、willguess you are a student with a good habit.Draw more picturesDrawing can improve your handwriting.You need to use the skills to control your pencilbetter when you are drawing pictures.Even though you have no chance to draw at school,you canpractice by yourself at home.Handwriting is very importan
40、t.Imagine you are a world-famous movie star or a well-knownsports player,what do you do when your fans run up to you?Give them your autographs(亲笔签名),of course!阅读下面短文,根据短文内容完成表格中所缺信息,每空一词。Four1to make your handwriting beautiful Use paper2lines Using paper thathas lines can stop you from writing up or
41、3when you write English words or sentences.Besure to fill the lined space completely.And make sure those capital letters are written4.Slow downTry slowing down a little.If you write too fast,its hard for you to stop where you should,andyou may make more5.6your pencil right.When you hold your pencil
42、the correct way,writing is much7.Try to be8and dont hold the pencil so hard.Draw more picturesWhile9pictures,you need to use the skills to control your pencil better.Even thoughyou have no chance to draw at school,you can practice10at home.Passage 4Passage 4(2013(2013广东广东)下面是一篇关于个人爱好的文章。请仔细阅读,然后根据信息
43、卡内容的要求填入相关信息。I have many hobbies,such as reading,skating,playing tennis and watching TV.But reading ismy favorite hobby.I like reading for three reasons.First of all,books introduce me to a new world,which iscolorful and without time and space limit.Through reading,I can go back to ancient Egypt.I c
44、analso go to the United States,a great land I have been longing to visit.Secondly,reading can improve myself by showing me a new horizon(见识).In the past fewyears,I have got most of my knowledge from books.I have learned from many people by readingabout their ideas on science,politics,life and societ
45、y.Thirdly,reading can bridge the gap(差距)between my dream and my goal.In order tosucceed in my career(事业)in the future,I must keep reading,thinking and practicing.Reading hasbecome a part of my life.During the day,I spend some time reading books,newspapers andmagazines.At night,I can hardly go to sle
46、ep without a novel in my hand.Information CardWhat other hobbies does the writer have besides reading?(1)(2)Three reasons why the writer likes reading(3)(4)What to read?Passage 5Passage 5(2013(2013江苏连云港江苏连云港)(5)Operation Smile was started by a doctor and his wife,a nurse,In 1982 they(A)thePhilippine
47、s,with a group of volunteers to help children who had problems with their faces.Thesechildren had holes in their lips or inside their mouths.It was very(B)difficult for these children toeat.They helped many children in the Philippines,but they were sad,because(C)他们没有足够的钱 to help all the children.The
48、y decided to start a charity so that they could help them.Theycalled Operation Smile.Now Operation Smile helps children(D)more than twenty developing countries and hascured about ten thousand children.Operation Smile has won many prizes for its work and in1999,another special activity was started,wh
49、ich was called“The World Journey of Hope”.Duringthis activity,more than five thousand children with holes in their faces and lips were cured ineighteen different countries around the world.Operation Smile also trains doctors in developing countries so that they can continue to helpchildren even(E)th
50、e Operation Smile team has left the country.Children with seriousproblems are brought to the USA for treatment(治疗).(F)All of this costs a lot,so please give asmuch as possible.Many thanks from the children who can smile.1.在(A)和(E)空白处分别填入适当的单词。AE2.分别写出画线部分(B)和(D)处的同义词或近义词。BD3.将画线部分(C)处翻译成汉语。C4.将画线部分(