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1、强调句与虚拟语气 1.You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel _ the coach picks up tourists.A.who B.which C.where D.that【答案解析】D【详解】考查强调句。句意:你在一个错误的地方等待。大客车是在旅店接送游客的。使用强调句,结构是:It is/was+强调部分+that+其余部分,如果强调部分是人,也可以用 who,这句话强调的是地点状语 at the hotel。故选 D。2.It is in the hall can house 10,000 people the ope
2、ning ceremony of the Global 5G Technology Summit will be held.A.which;that B.where;that C.which;who D.where;whom.【答案解析】A【详解】考查定语从句和强调句。句意:全球 5G 技术峰会的开幕式将在可以容纳 10,000 人的大厅里举行。分析句子可知,can house 10,000 people 是定语从句,修饰 the hall,指物,从句中做主语,用关系代词 which 或 that,故排除 B、D 项;因为 the opening ceremony of the Global
3、5G Technology Summit will be held in the hall 是完整的句子,故是强调句型,强调地点状语 in the hall can house 10,000 people。故第二空用 that,综上,故选 A。【点睛】定语从句中关系词的选择可考虑以下三点:(1)一看先行词的意义,即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因(如指物时不能用 who 或 whom,指人时通常不用 which 等。(2)二看关系词的句法功能,即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分,是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等(如作定语通常用 whose,有时也用 which;作状语要用 when,
4、where,why。(3)三看定语从句的种类,即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句(如 that 和 why通常不引导非限制性定语从句。例如第一空,分析句子可知,can house 10,000 people 是定语从句,修饰 the hall,指物,从句中做主语,用关系代词 which 或 that。3.I dont know _ you got to know my telephone number.Through a friend of mine.A.how was it B.how was it that C.it was how that D.how it was that【答
5、案解析】D【详解】考查强调句。句意:我不知道你是怎么知道我的手机号码的。通过我的一个朋友。It was how that you got to know my telephone number.是强调句,how 提前放在 know后面使强调句作为 know 的宾语从句,宾语从句使用陈述语序。故选 D。4.It was in his iron-fist way _ corruption in the southern state _ the 70-year-old man built a political name.A.to fighting,where B.of fighting,that
6、C.of fighting,where D.to fighting,that【答案解析】B【详解】考查动名词和强调句型。句意:这位 70 岁的老人正是以铁腕的方式在这个南方州与腐败作斗争,从而建立了自己的政治名声。固定搭配:the way of doing sth.“做某事的方式”,所以第一空填 of fighting;第二空是强调句式:It is/was+强调部分+that,所以填 that。故选 B。【点睛】浅谈强调句 1.用 It iswasthatwho 句型表示强调。(1)陈述句的强调句型:It is/was+被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+that/who(当强调主语且主语指
7、人)+其它部分。e.g.It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.(2)一般疑问句的强调句型:同上,只是把 is/was 提到 it 前面。e.g.Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?(3)特殊疑问句的强调句型:被强调部分(通常是疑问代词或疑问副词)+is/was+it+that/who+其它部分?e.g.When and where was it that you were born?注:被强调的部分(通常是句子的主语、状语、宾语或宾语补足语)放在 iswas 的后面,如被强调的是人,则后面可用 who,whom 等代替。
8、2.not until 句型的强调句:句型为:It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其它部分:e.g.普通句:He didnt go to bed until/till his wife came back.强调句:It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.3.强调谓语动词:用助动词 do,does 或 did 加动词原形来强调谓语动词。注意:此种强调只用 do/does 和 did,没有别的形式;过去时态用 did,后面的谓语动词用原形。如:Do come early.务必早来。He did sen
9、d you a letter last week.昨天他确实寄给你一封信。5.Johns success has nothing to do with good luck.It is years of hard work has made him what he is today.A.why B.when C.which D.that【答案解析】D【详解】考查强调句式。句意:他的成功与运气没有关系,是多年的努力造就了他的今天。强调句型的基本结构为:It is+被强调部分+that+其余部分。判断是否为强调句型的方法为:去掉 it is 和 that 之后剩余部分正好构成完整的句子即为强调句型。
10、故选 D 项。6.It was when I got back to my apartment _ I first came across my new neighbors.A.who B.where C.which D.that【答案解析】D【详解】考查强调句型。句意:当我回到我的公寓的时候,我首先遇见了我的新邻居。根据关键词 It was 开头,可能会与 that 构成强调句型,但需要验证,本句中去掉 It was 和 that,句子 When I got back to my apartment I first came across my new neighbors 完整,所以确定是强
11、调句型。故选 D。【点睛】判断一句话是否是强调句的一个方法是去掉强调结构,如果这句话还能够成立就是强调句,例如这道题,去掉强调结构是:when I got back to my apartment _ I first came across my new neighbors.这句话是成立的,所以是强调句。除了强调句的陈述句,还需要掌握强调句的一般疑问句和特殊疑问词的结构,还有强调句应用于名词性从句的语序问题。7.It was when we were returning home _ I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped so
12、meone in trouble.A.which B.that C.where D.how【答案解析】B【详解】考查强调句。句意:正是在我回家的时候我才意识到帮助别人于危难之时感觉是多么令人愉悦。此句是 It was开头且去掉 It was,when we were returning home I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.是一个完整意义上的句子,故判断此句是一个强调句,强调 when we were returning home;强调句常用句型:It is(was)+被强调部分
13、+that(who)。故选 B。8.It is because of you_I was blamed by my teacher.A.because B.since C.which D.that【答案解析】D【详解】考查强调句。句意:就是因为你,我才受到老师的责备。分析句子结构,去掉 it is以及连词部分,剩下的句子成分完整。故本句为强调句结构“it is(was)+被强调成分+that(who)+其他”,故选 D。【点睛】强调句结构。为了突出句子中的某一部分,我们通常会使用某种方法或手段使它突出,以便能引起他人的注意,这就是强调,与此相关的句子就是强调句。强调句是一种修辞,是人们为了表达
14、自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式。其结构为 it is(was)+被强调成分+that(who)+其他。1、陈述句的强调句型 It is/was+被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+that/who(当强调主语且主语指人)+其他部分。2、一般疑问句的强调句型,把 is/was 提到 it 前面。3、特殊疑问句的强调句型,被强调部分(通常是疑问代词或疑问副词)+is/was+it+that/who+其他部分?4、not until 句型的强调句 句型为:It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其他部分 普通句:He didnt go to bed until/till h
15、is wife came back.强调句:It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.注意:此句型只用 until,不用 till。但如果不是强调句型,till,until 可通用;因为句型中 It is/was not 已经是否定句了,that 后面的从句要用肯定句,切勿再用否定句了。9.It was in the hotel _ my father works _ I met the film star.A.that;that B.where;where C.where;that D.that;where【答案解析】C【
16、详解】考查强调句型和定语从句。句意:正是在我的父亲工作的宾馆里,我遇见了这位电影明星。分析句子结构可知此句为强调句,强调了地点状语。所以第二个空填 that,再根据句意可知我爸爸工作过的修饰 hotel 作定语,连接词在定语从句中做地点状语,所以第一个空用关系副词 where,故选 C。【点睛】此题解题的关键是要分清强调句型和定语从句。首先要知道强调句的结构 It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子的其他成分,如果被强调的部分是人,可以用 who 代替 that。具体是用 is 还是 was,要根据具体的时态确定。强调句的用法及判断:如果把句子中的 It is/wasthat 去
17、掉,稍加调整语序,能还原成完整的句子,并且句子意思依然完整,则为强调句型,否则为其他从句。本句强调的是地点状语从句 in the hotel _ my father works,所以用 that。再根据句意可知我爸爸工作过的修饰 hotel 作定语,所以是定语从句,连接词在定语从句中做地点状语,所以用关系副词 where,故选 C。10.It is eating too much junk food _ makes him overweight.A.which B.what C./D.that【答案解析】D【详解】考查强调句。句意:吃太多的垃圾食品使他超重。分析句子结构可知,去掉 it is与
18、连接词句子成分完整。故可知本句为强调句结构“it is(was)+被强调成分+that(who)+其他”,本句中被强调部分为 eating too much junk food,故填 that。故选 D。【点睛】强调句结构。为了突出句子中的某一部分,我们通常会使用某种方法或手段使它突出,以便能引起他人的注意,这就是强调,与此相关的句子就是强调句。强调句是一种修辞,是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式。其结构为 it is(was)+被强调成分+that(who)+其他。1、陈述句的强调句型 It is/was+被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+that/who(当强调主语且主语指
19、人)+其他部分。2、一般疑问句的强调句型,把 is/was 提到 it 前面。3、特殊疑问句的强调句型,被强调部分(通常是疑问代词或疑问副词)+is/was+it+that/who+其他部分?4、not until 句型的强调句 句型为:It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其他部分 普通句:He didnt go to bed until/till his wife came back.强调句:It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.注意:此句型只用 until,不用 till。但如果不是强调句型
20、,till,until 可通用;因为句型中 It is/was not 已经是否定句了,that 后面的从句要用肯定句,切勿再用否定句了。11.The officer command that the wounded _ to hospital as soon as possible.A.would be sent B.should be sent C.need to send D.should send【答案解析】B【详解】考查虚拟语气和被动语态。句意:军官命令伤员应该尽快被送往医院。command“命令”接宾语从句,宾语从句需使用虚拟语气:主语+(should)+动词原形,本句中主语 th
21、e wounded 与谓语 send 为被动关系。故选 B 项。12.While it wasnt the goal of the trip,I was rewarded with fresh insights,ones that _ to me during the regular course of business.A.might never happen B.could never have happened C.should not happen D.neednt have happened【答案解析】B【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:虽然这并不是这次旅行的目的,但我得到了一些新的领悟,
22、那些领悟在我的日常生活中是本不可能发生的。此处考查虚拟语气,“我得到新的领悟”发生在过去,故此处是与过去事实相反,应用 could/might/would/need/should+have done,“本不可能发生”是 could never have happened,故选 B 项。【点睛】本题考查“情态动词+have done”的虚拟语气,其常用表达有:could have done 本能做某事而未做 couldnt have done 不可能做了某事 should have done 本应该做某事而未做 shouldnt have done 本不应该做某事而做了 would have d
23、one 本会某事而未做 wouldnt have done 本不会做某事而做了 need have done 本需要做某事而未做 neednt have done 本不必要做某事而做了 13.There is a good social life in the village,and I wish I _ a second chance to become more involved.A.had B.will have C.would have D.have had【答案解析】C【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:村里的社交生活很好,我希望能再有机会多参与其中。根据语境,wish 后的宾语从句是虚拟语
24、气,表示对将来情况的假设,谓语动词用“would+动词原形”。故选 C 项。【点睛】wish 后的宾语从句中,表示与事实相反或不大可能实现的愿望,通常有三种形式:1、对将来情况的假设,宾语从句的谓语动词用 would(could,might)+动词原形 I wish she would try again.我希望她能再试一次。2、对现在事实的假设,宾语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时 How I wish I were with my son now!我多么希望现在和儿子在一起!3、对过去情况的假设,宾语从句的谓语动词用过去完成时 I wish you had come to my birthday
25、 party.你要是来了我的生日晚会就好了。14.She looks as if she _ ten years younger.A.is B.was C.were D.had been【答案解析】C【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:她看起来好像年轻了十岁。分析句子,此处为虚拟语气,她看起来年轻十岁与现在事实相反,主句用一般过去时,be 动词都用 were,故选 C 项。15.The teacher commanded that all the students _ the classroom before he returned.A.mustnt leave B.didnt leave C.not
26、 leave D.wouldnt leave【答案解析】C【详解】考查使用虚拟语气。句意:他命令在他回来之前,所有的学生不得离开教室。谓语动词是 command,command 作“命令”之意时,后面的宾语从句要用(should)+动词原形,通常 should 可以省,本题补充完整是 The teacher commanded that all the students should not leave the classroom before he returned.故选 C。【点睛】在表示建议,命令,要求等动词后的从句要用(should)+动词原形。此类动词有:suggest,advise
27、,propose,demand,require,insist(要求),order,prefer,command,ask,request 等。如:The teacher ordered that all the books(should)be handed in on time.16.It is requested that the meeting _ postponed.A.be B.can be C.may be D.shall be【答案解析】A【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:有人要求会议延期。request 表示“要求”时,引导的 that 从句中要用虚拟语气,其谓语动词形式为 should
28、+动词原形,其中 should 可以省,主句中的时态不限。故选 A。【点睛】后接虚拟语气的常见词 1)在 insist,order,command,suggest,propose,advise,desire,demand,require,request,order,prefer,propose,recommend 等表示“命令,决定,建议”等动词以及由这些动词引申的名词或形容词引导的 that 从句中,要用虚拟语气,其谓语动词形式为 should+动词原形,其中 should 可以省略,主句中的时态不限。例如:He ordered that all the books be sent at o
29、nce.She insisted that she go to the south for her holiday.2)类似用法的还有 advisable,appropriate,desirable,essential,fitting,imperative,important,impossible,necessary,obligatory,proper 等形容词;decision,decree,demand,instruction,order,requirement,resolution 等名词。其后引导的 that 从句均用虚拟语气,其谓语动词形式为 should+动词原形,其中 shoul
30、d 可以省略,主句中的时态不限。例如:It was appropriate that this tax be abolished.Their decision was that the school remain closed.3)请注意,当这些词语不是用于表示“命令,决定,建议”的含义时,所引导从句不用虚拟语气。17.The order came the soldiers the small village the next morning.A.that;had to leave B.that;should leave C./;must leave D.when;should leave【答
31、案解析】B【详解】考查从句连词和虚拟语气。句意:士兵们第二天早上离开这个小村子这个命令传来。第一空为同位语从句,作 order 的同位语,从句中不缺少成分,所以选择 that,order 后面的从句中要使用虚拟语气,即 sb should do sth,所以选择 B。18.Its requested that a lecture _ on this subject.A.is given B.should be given C.will be given D.has been given【答案解析】B【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:有人要求就这个问题举行一次讲座。request 表示“要求”时引导的
32、 that 从句中,要用虚拟语气,其谓语动词形式为 should+动词原形,其中 should 可以省,主句中的时态不限。故选 B。【点睛】后接虚拟语气的常见词 1)在 insist,order,command,suggest,propose,advise,desire,demand,require,request,order,prefer,propose,recommend 等表示“命令,决定,建议”等动词以及由这些动词引申的名词或形容词引导的 that 从句中,要用虚拟语气,其谓语动词形式为 should+动词原形,其中 should 可以省略,主句中的时态不限。例如:He ordered
33、 that all the books be sent at once.She insisted that she go to the south for her holiday.2)类似用法的还有 advisable,appropriate,desirable,essential,fitting,imperative,important,impossible,necessary,obligatory,proper 等形容词;decision,decree,demand,instruction,order,requirement,resolution 等名词。其后引导的 that 从句均用虚拟
34、语气,其谓语动词形式为 should+动词原形,其中 should 可以省略,主句中的时态不限。例如:It was appropriate that this tax be abolished.Their decision was that the school remain closed.3)请注意,当这些词语不是用于表示“命令,决定,建议”的含义时,所引导从句不用虚拟语气。19.What a pity!Considering his ability and experience,he _ it better.A.need have done B.must have done C.can h
35、ave done D.might have done【答案解析】D【详解】考查虚拟语气中的情态动词。句意:真遗憾啊!考虑到他的能力和经验,他也许可以做得更好。can have done 较少使用此结构,表示对过去行为的怀疑;用于疑问句时意为“难道真的做了吗”,表示怀疑;need have done 需要做某事,实际上却未做(表示虚拟语气);must have done 一定做了某事(表示对过去发生的事情的肯定推测);might have done 表示对发生过的事情的推测,意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”,用于肯定句中。故 D 正确。【点睛】本题是高考必考考点,一定要牢记句型意思。must h
36、ave done 过去肯定做了某事。should have done 本应该做而实际未做。cant have done 过去不可能做了某事;shouldnt have done 本不应该做而实际做了。need have done 本有必要做某事而没做;neednt have done 本没有必要做某事;注意没有 mustnt have done 的形式。20.What a pity!You missed the sightseeing,or we _ a good time together.A.had B.will have C.would have had D.had had【答案解析】C【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意:真遗憾!你错过了这次观光,否则,我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文可知,是对过去事情的虚拟,是与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为:从句:If+主语+过去完成时+其他,主句:主语+should(would,could,might)+现在完成时+其他,故选 C。