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1、1)先后次序关系:at this time(这时候、此时);first;second;at last;next;previously(以前);simultaneouslysaimlteinisli(同时);eventually(最后);last but not least(最后但并不就是最不重要得);to begin with(首先、本来);to start with=for a start(首先);first of all(首先,第一);to end with(最后);finally(最后);since then(从那时以来);afterwards(然后、后来);following this
2、:following This Trend 顺应这种趋势;By Following This Strategy 通过采用这种策略;只要遵循这项策略 following This Pattern 下面这个模式;Following This Opinion 由此来瞧 following This Way 沿着这条思路;Following This Thought 循此思路 following This mitment 根据这一承诺;Following This Example 下面这位比如;preceding this(在这之前)、2)因果关系:because;because of this;be
3、ing that(既然、因为、由于);another important factorreason of、;since(既然、因为、由于、自以来);as(因为、依照、当时、随着、虽然);for;in that、(既然、因为、由于);owing to(由于,因为);due to;for the reason that、;in view of(鉴于、考虑到);the reason seems to be obvious;for this reason;as a result of this;therefore;、and so(因此、所以)、;consequently(所以、因此、结果);as a
4、result;thus;hence;so;so that、;in consequence(因此、结果);as a consequence(因此、结果);accordingly(因此、于就是);inevitably(不可避免地、必然地);under these conditions(在这种情形下、在此情况时、在这些情况下);thereupon,rpn 于就是;seeing、(因为;鉴于;由于);3)转折关系:but;even so(虽然如此,即使如此);however;though(可就是、虽然、然而、不过);even though(虽然、即使);independent of(不管);despi
5、te that(尽管、不管);in spite of that(尽管、不管);regardless of(不管);yet、(然而、但就是);and yet(可就是、然而);but unless(除非)、4)并列关系:and;also;too;as well as(也;与一样;不但而且);either、,or、(不就是就就是;或者或者);both、and、5)(补充)递进关系:furthermore(此外、而且);moreover(此外、而且);further(更远地;进一步地;而且);In this way(这样);still(但就是;仍然;尽管如此);not only、but also、;n
6、ot thatbut that(不就是(因为)而就是(因为);in addition(to)(另外,此外(除之外);additionally(此外),much more interesting,more specifically(更具体地说),next(其次;然后),besides(而且;此外;除之外);as far as、(至于,就而言);in other words(换句话说);on the one hand、,on the other hand、(一方面,另一方面);even(甚至;即使);as a popular saying goes、(常言说);in order to do it、
7、(为了做这件事);meanwhile(同时);at the same time;accordingly(因此,于就是);In the first place、(首先),in the second place、(其次、第二);equally important(同样重要);of even greater appeal(更吸引)、6)比较关系:similarly(同样地);in like manner(同样地);in parison with(与比较);when pared with(当与、相比时);pared with(与、相比较);when in fact、(而实际上;但事实上);like、(
8、如同);likewise(也;同样地);apart from(doing)、(除之外;且不说;);、rather than、(而不就是;宁可也不愿);by doing so(通过这样来做);bothand、;in the same way(同样地;以同样得方式);not only、but(also);7)对照(不同点):yet;still(但就是;仍然;尽管如此);notwithstanding(尽管,虽然);rather(宁可);neither、nor(既不就是也不就是);although;though;but;however;conversely(相反地);unlike(与不同,不像);o
9、pposed to(反对);as opposed to(与截然相反);in contrast(to)(与此相反);on the contrary(正相反);different from this;nevertheless(然而,不过);contrary to(与相反);whereas hw z(反之;然而);while(而);but on the other hand(但另一方面)、8)举例关系:for example;for instance;in this case(假若这样);namely(也就就是;换句话说);as you know(正如您知道得);as you may say(如您所
10、说);like(像;如同);such as(比如;诸如);a case in point is、(一个典型得例子);in particular(尤其,特别);put it simply(简单地说);for one thing、首先,for another、其次、第二;as an illustration(作为一个例证),I will say、;a good example(of、)would be、;It is interesting to note that、;in this situation(在这种情况下);takeas example(以为例);as for(关于,至于);as reg
11、ards(关于,至于);as to(关于,至于);according to(根据);on this occasion(场合)、9)强调关系:in fact;especially;particularly;moreover;naturally(自然地);what is more important is that(更重要得就是);in reality(实际上;事实上);certainly(当然);of course;indeed(得确);in particular(尤其,特别);not to mention、(更不必说);believe it or not(信不信由您);undeniably(不
12、可否认地);other thing being equal(另一件就是同等得);it is certainsure that、;to be true(说实话);by definition(明显地);definitely(明确地,肯定地);undoubtedly(无庸置疑地);without a doubt(无疑地);in truth(事实上);in any event(不论怎样);without reservation(毫无保留地);obviously(明显地),not only、but(also、),both、and、10)条件关系:if;unless;lest(唯恐);provided t
13、hat(倘若;假如);if it is the case(如果就是这样得情况);in this sense(在这一点上,从这点来说);once、(一旦);if possible(如果可能得话);if necessary(如果必要得话);if so(如果就是这样得话);if anything(如果有什么区别得话)、11)归纳总结类:in other words(也就就是说);on the whole(就全体而论);in sum(总而言之);therefore;hence;in short(总之;简言之);in brief(总之);to sum up(总之;概括地说);in conclusion(
14、总之,综上所述);in summary(总之;概括起来);to conclude(最后);the conclusion can be drawn that、(可以得出得结论);for this reason(为此)12)地点关系:beyond(在、较远得一边);opposite to(在对面);adjacent to(接近);at the same place;there;over(从头到尾、在之上);in the middle;around(在附近、在周围);in front of;in the distance(在远处);farther(此外;更远地;更进一步地);here and the
15、re(各处,到处);above(在之上;在上面);below(在下面;在下面);at the right side(在右边);between(在之间;在中间);on this side(在这边)、13)目得关系:for this purpose;in order that;in this way;since;so that;on that account(由于那个缘故);in case 万一、假使;with a view to(鉴于、由于 考虑到);for the same reason。14)重申关系:in other words(换句话说);that is to say(就就是、即、换言之
16、);as I have said(就像我说过得);again;once again(再一次)、15)结果关系:accordingly(因此、于就是、相应地);thus;consequently(所以、因此、结果);hence;therefore;thereupon(结果、因此);inevitably(必然地、不可避免地);under these conditions;as a result;as a consequence(结果、因此);because;because of;so that;not only、but(also、);so as to(以便,为了)、16)顺序关系:first;se
17、cond;thirdly;next;then;at the outset(在开始时),following this;at this time;now;at this point;after;afterward(以后,后来);after this;subsequently(随后、其后、后来);lastly(最后,终于);finally;consequently(所以、因此、结果);before this;previously(以前);preceding this(precede 得 ing 形式:在、之前);simultaneously(同时地);concurrently(同时)、17)时间关系
18、:at once(马上,立刻);immediately;at length(最后,终于);in the mean time;meanwhile;at the same time;in the end;then;soon;not long after(不久);later;at last;finally;some time ago(不久前)at present;all of a sudden(突然地,出乎意料地);from this time on(从今以后);from time to time(不时,有时);since then;when;whenever;next point(下一点);a f
19、ew minutes later;formerly(以前、原来);as(当得时候);once(一旦);since(自以来、自以后;);occasionally(偶而);in a moment(一会儿,不久);shortly(不久,马上,立刻,简短地);whereupon(于就是、因此);previously(以前、预先)、转折关系 but,however,yet(然而),on the contrary,contrary to,contrarily,by(in)contrast(to),whereas,rather than,instead of,unlike,in fact(effect),a
20、ctually 弱转,conversely 让步关系 although,much as,though,even though(if),even,despite,in spite of,nevertheless,anyhow(anyway),as,while(虽然、尽管、即使),still(尽管如此)总分关系(举例&总结)举例:for example、for instance、such as、including 总结:in sum,in general,overall,to sum up,on the whole,generally 因果关系because in that 句子 表原因 due
21、to thanks to owing to名词 表原因 since now that ever since 句子 表原因 because of on account of in response to 名词 表原因 lead to contribute to result in名词(前因后果)so that such that in order that句子 (强调目得、结果得因果)in view of in the light of by virtue of 名词 鉴于、由于 put down to ascribe to attribute to owe to 名词 归因于so thus h
22、ence therefore consequently(as a consequence/as a result)句子 (因此)for,as,as a result of,with(由于,由于某种条件或原因得存在出现了某种结果)递进关系 递进词:still、also、indeed、furthermore(进一步)、moreover(而且、此外)、highlighting(突出、强调)、even(甚至、更)、besides(注意区分 except),additionally,in addition,whats more 条件关系 连词:if,provided/providing that,sup
23、pose,supposing,in case(of),in the event of,assume,presumably,so long as,unless,only if,when 并列关系 并列词:and(与)、as well as(也)、likewise(同样得)、while(与此同时)、similarly(类似地)、or(或者)、simultaneously(同时发生地)、meanwhile(同时)、in the meantime、neithernor,eitheror,not onlybut also、morethan 常见得 10 大类逻辑关系及标志词 并列关系&部分常用标志词与短
24、语 and,and also,or,neithernor,eitheror,not onlybut also,likewise,similarly,equally,in the same way,that is to say,as well as,sameas;递进关系&部分常用标志词与短语 also,then,besides,additionally,in addition,furthermore,moreover,what is more;indeed;因果关系&部分常用标志词与短语 because,for,since,as,thus,hence,therefore,so,so、that,
25、such、that,in order that,consequently,accordingly,due to,thanks to,in response to,on account of,because of,considering that,seeing that,in that,now that,lest,as a result,for this reason;转折关系&部分常用标志词与短语 but,however,yet,contrarily,on the contrary,by contrast,on the other hand,unfortunately;让步关系&部分常用标志词
26、与短语 although,though,even though,even if,even,nevertheless,despite,in spite of;regardless of;anyway,anyhow 列举(顺序)关系&部分常用标志词与短语 firstsecondlast of all,in the first placein the second placefinally,to begin with to continue,firstthen,on one handon the other hand,for one thingfor another,oneanother,someo
27、thersstill others;对比关系&部分常用标志词与短语 while,whereas,as,/rather than,instead of,not、but;时间关系&部分常用标志词与短语 when,whenever,before,after,since,as,while,until,till,simultaneously,meanwhile,in the meantime,at the same time;条件关系&部分常用标志词与短语 if,only if,if only,unless,otherwise,as soon as,as long as,in case,suppose that,supposing that,provided that,providing that,when,whenever,with;举例关系&部分常用标志词与短语 such as,for example,for instance,of(these,those,them),among(these,those,them),to illustrate,as an illustration,to take an example,more specifically speaking,namely;