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1、2021 年衡阳市蒸湘中学高三英语下学期期末试题及答案解析 第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项 A Last summer,Katie Steller pulled off the freeway on her way to work inMinneapolis.She stopped at a traffic light,where a man was sitting with a sign asking for help.She rolled down her w
2、indow and shouted.“Hey.Im driving around giving free haircuts.Do you want one right now?”The man laughed,then paused.“Actually,”he said,“I was really hoping to get a haircut.”Steller pulled out a red chair from her car and helped the man cut his hair immediately.After the work was done,the man looke
3、d in a mirror.“I look good!”he said.Up to now,Steller has given 30 or so such haircuts around the city to people with little influence,and she is strongly aware of the power of her cleanup job.As a teen,she suffered from a severe disease,causing her hair to get thinned,so her mother arranged for Ste
4、llers first professional haircut.“To sit down and have somebody look at me and talk to me like a person and not just an illness,it helped me feel cared about and less alone,”she says.After that,Steller knew she wanted to have her own barbershop so she could help people feel the way shed felt that da
5、y.Not long after finishing cosmetology(美容术)school in 2009,she began what she now calls her Red Chair Project,reaching out to people on the streets.Her aim was that by doing some kind acts,others would be inspired to spread their own.“Part of what broke my heart was just how lonely peoplelooked,”she
6、said.“I thought maybe Id go around and ask if people want free haircuts.I cant fix their problems,but maybe I can help them feel less alone for a moment.”It all began with a belief in simple acts of kindness,such as a free haircut.“The way you show up in the world matters,”said Steller.“You have no
7、idea what people are going to do with the kindness that you give them.”1.How does the writer begin the passage?A.By making a comparison.B.By giving a reason.C.By raising a question.D.By describing a scene.2.What made Stellar start the Red Chair Project?A.Her mothers love for her.B.Her interest in co
8、smetology.C.Her care for those in need.D.Her wish to fight severe diseases.3.What did Stellar expect from the project?A.To spread kindness.B.To solve social problems.C.To deal with relationships.D.To make people look smarter.B Nostalgia(怀旧)has become increasingly common in our current climate of acc
9、elerated,unexpected change.More and more Americans are turning back with longing towhat feels like simpler,sweeter times.They collect cassette tapes,manual typewriters even decades-old video games.Is it a mistake to get too obsessed with the past?Some psychologists warn that too much devotion to the
10、 so-called good old days is an escape from reality;it can indicate loneliness or that a person is having a difficult time coping in the present.Psychologist Stephanie Coontz argues that nostalgia distracts us from addressing the problems of modern life and contribute to anxiety,depression,insomnia e
11、tc.But new studies suggest that a modest dose of nostalgia is not only harmless,but actually beneficial.They suggest it helps strengthen our sense of identity and makes us feel more optimistic and inspired.It is also a tool for self discovery and memories are a psychological immune response that is
12、triggered when you want to take a break from negativity.Interestingly,those happy memories can be particularly beneficial both to kids in their teens and to societys elders.Recalling our childhood reminds us of“the times when we were accepted and loved unconditionally,says Krystine Batcho,a psycholo
13、gist.That is such a powerfully comforting phenomenon,knowing that there was a time in life when we didnt have to earn our love.Nostalgia can transform even the most ordinary past into legends which warms the heart and the body.Lets not forget that nostalgia has been a source of inspiration to innume
14、rable American writers.Mark Twain recalled his boyhood,writing,after all these years,I can picture that old time to myself now,just as it was then：The white town drowsing in the sunshine of a summers morning.So go ahead,daydream a little about your best childhood friend,your first car,a long-gone fa
15、mily pct.As Dr.Sedikidessays，Nostalgia is ly central to human experience.But at the same time,keep these words of wisdom from the great inventor Charles Kettering in mind as well：You cant have a better tomorrow if you are thinking about yesterday all the time.34.What did some psychologists in paragr
16、aph 2 probably agree?A.Nostalgia will cause some mental problems.B.Nostalgia makes us devoted to the good old days.C.Nostalgia shows you are trying to get rid of loneliness.D.Nostalgia helps us cope with the difficult time we are going through.5.There are many benefits of nostalgia except _ A.It can
17、 enable us to know ourselves better.B.It can bring us some comfort when we recall.C.We are likely to gain attention if we recall the happy childhood.D.We can sometimes break away from negativity with happy memories.6.What will be talked about in the following paragraph?A.The bad influence of too muc
18、h devotion to nostalgia.B.The reasons why we should avoid nostalgia.C.The bad memories that always stick around you.D.The great changes nostalgia will bring to you.7.Whats the best title of the passage?A.We all have a soft spot for nostalgia.B.Nostalgia is actually good for you.C.Dont be carried awa
19、y by nostalgia.D.There are many times when we like to recall.C Ten years ago,I set out to examine luck.I wanted to know why some people were always in the right place at the right time,while others consistently experienced ill fortune.I placed advertisements in national newspapers asking for people
20、who felt consistently lucky or unlucky.Hundreds of extraordinary men and women volunteered for my research.Over the years I have interviewed them,monitored their lives and had them take part in various experiments.In one of the experiments,I gave both lucky and unlucky people a newspaper,asking them
21、 to look through it and tell me how many photographs were inside.I had secretly placed a large message halfway through the newspaper,saying,“Tell the experimenter you have seen this and you will win$50.”This message took up half of the page and was written in type that was more than two inches high.
22、It was staring everyone in the face,but the unlucky people tended to miss it and the lucky people tended to spot it.Unlucky people are generally more nervous than lucky people,and this anxiety affects their ability to notice the unexpected.As a result,they miss opportunities because they are too foc
23、used on looking for something else.They go to gatherings concentrating on finding their perfect partners and miss opportunities to make good friends.They look through newspapers determined to find certain types of job advertisements and miss other types of jobs.Lucky people are more relaxed and open
24、,and therefore see what is there rather than just what they are looking for.My research eventually showed that lucky people are skilled at noticing opportunities,make lucky decisions by listening to their intuition(直觉),are open to new experiences,and adopt a never-say-die attitude that transforms ba
25、d luck into good luck.8.Whats the purpose of the authors research?A.To discover what luck means to people.B.To find lucky people and unlucky people.C.To distinguish between good luck and bad luck.D.To figure out why people are always lucky or unlucky.9.Why did the unlucky people miss the message in
26、the experiment?A.There was too much information to be read in detail.B.They were too focused on looking for photographs.C.It took too much time to go through newspapers.D.The words were too small to be noticed.10.What leads to lucky peoples good fortune?A.Their ability to spot opportunities.B.Their
27、ability to become relaxed.C.Their ability to communicate.D.Their ability to make friends.11.Whats the key message of the last paragraph?A.What lucky people are looking for.B.How lucky people generate good luck.C.What lucky people can do with opportunities.D How lucky people transform bad luck into g
28、ood luck.D In order to help discover spoilage and reduce food waste for supermarkets and consumers,researchers have developed new low-cost,smart phone-linked,eco-friendly spoilage sensors for meat and fish packaging.One in threeUKconsumers throw away food just because it reaches the use-by date,but
29、60%of the 12.5 billion-worth of food we throw away each year is safe to eat.The researchers,whose findings were published in ACS Sensors,say the sensors could also eventually replace the use-by datea widely used indicator of being fresh and eatable.The sensors cost two US cents each to make.Known as
30、“paper-based electrical gas sensors(PEGS)”,they detect spoilage gases like ammonia(a poisonous gas with a strong unpleasant smell)in meat and fish products.The information provided by the electronic nose is received by a smart phone,and then you can know whether the food is fresh and safe to eat.The
31、 Imperial College London researchers who developed PEGS made the sensors by printing carbon electrodes onto a special type of paper.The materials are eco-friendly and harmless,so they dont damage the environment and are safe to use in food packaging.The sensors,combined with a tiny electronic system
32、,then inform nearby mobile devices,which identify and understand the data about spoilage gases.Lead author Dr Firat Guder of Imperials Department of Bioengineering,said,“Although theyre designed to keep us safe,use-by dates can lead to eatable food being thrown away.They dont always reflect its actu
33、al freshness.In fact,people often get sick from food-borne diseases due to poor storage,even when an item is within its use-by date.”“These sensors are cheap enough so we hope to see supermarkets using them within three years.Our goal is to use PEGS in food packaging to reduce unnecessary food waste
34、.”The authors hope that PEGS could have applications beyond food processing,like sensing chemicals in agriculture,air quality,and detecting disease markers in breath like those involved in kidney disease.12.What is the function of PEGS according to the text?A.To improve the taste of foods.B.To impro
35、ve the service of stores.C.To help supermarkets store foods.D.To help people test food freshness.13.What role does the smartphone play while PEGS are functioning?A.It acts as an electronic nose.B.It reads the data collected by PEGS.C.It helps print the gas sensors onto paper.D.It discovers the spoil
36、age gases from foods.14.What does Dr.Firat Guder say about use-by dates?A.They are not completely reliable.B.They can help reduce food waste.C.They are based on scientific research.D.They are not accepted by the consumers.15.What does the author mainly talk about in the text?A.The process of researc
37、hing spoilage sensors.B.A new technology in packaging to reduce food waste.C.The application of spoilage sensors beyond food processing.D.The influence of use-by dates on supermarkets and consumers.第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项 Artificialintelligence systems li
38、ke Grammarly,an automated grammarchecker,are trained with data.for instance,translation software is fed sentences translated by humans,Grammarlys training data involve a large number of standard errorfree sentences and humancorrected sentences._16_The software then looks at a users writing:if a line
39、 of words seems ungrammatical,it tries to spot how the generally supposed mistake is most closely similar to one from its training inputs._17_Advances in language technology have been impressive in,for example,speech recognition,which involves another sort of statistical guesswhether or not a stretc
40、h of sound matches a certain line of words._18_.It can rate the tone of an email before you send it,after being trained on texts that have been assessed by humans,for example as“admiring”or“confident”.But grammar is the real magic of language,joining words into structures,joining those structures in
41、to sentences,and doing so in a way that maps onto meaning._19_.Computers can analyse grammatical sentences fairly well,labeling things like nouns and verb phrases.But they struggle with sentences that are difficult to analyse,precisely because they are ungrammaticalin other words,written by the kind
42、 of person who needs Grammarly._20_But computers dont work in meaning or intention,they work in formulae（惯用语）.Humans,by contrast,can usually understand even sentences that are not grammatically correct,because of the ability to guess the contents of other minds.Grammarchecking computers illustrate n
43、ot how bad humans are with language,but just how good.A.Grammarly can seem to miss more errors than it marks.B.One Grammarly feature that works fairly well is feeing analysis.C.To correct such writing requires knowing what the writer intended.D.Grammarly has some obvious strengths in understanding m
44、eaning or intentions.E.Computers outpace humans at problems that can be solved with pure maths.F.Developers also add certain rules to the patterns Grammarty has taught itself.G.In this decisive structuremeaning connection,machines are no match for humans.第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满
45、分 30 分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 My life turned a corner two years before.I realized,my first and real enthusiasm is writing_21_.As a child,I was introvert(内向的),and basically a bookworm.The only thing I wished for,was_22_,and I used to finish them as quickly as I could.Along with rea
46、ding,I loved_23_ but at that time,it was mainly prose(散文)!My love for writing started with writing journals,and_24_.Even before my teens,I had_25_in many countries,and then technology wasnt as_26_as it isnow.I guess my letters were quite poetic and charming,because my pen-friends told me that they_2
47、7_my letters even after I stopped writing to them as_28_was expensive!Then my following life wasnt poetic anymore!I_29_pouring my emotions in journals or diaries.Many years passed!Was poetry my passion?Probably!One day two years earlier,one of my childhood friends wrote to me,“Hi there!How many book
48、s have you_30_ever since?”That communication suddenly_31_me up,and lit my dream that I was eager to publish my own collection of poems.The_32_from my childhood came back,I_33_who I was.At that moment,I felt very excited and within a(n)_34_moment,I wrote my first poem!That poem was actually_35_,may b
49、e one of the best of what I have written so far!After that first_36_,I realized what my real passion was!And poems started coming one after another!Sometimes I got up at_37_,and thought about some lines!And I had to write them_38_,otherwise these lines will slide away!The terrible epidemic(流行病)_39_m
50、e to write several poems,which may_40_indescribable sufferings of people.21.A.songs B.novels C.poems D.journals 22.A.books B.pictures C.toys D.clothes 23.A.drawing B.dancing C.swimming D.writing 24.A.reports B.articles C.letters D.words 25.A.pen-friends B.classmates C.s D.workers 26.A.backward B.con