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1、小球藻净化村镇生活污水的预处理方法探究,水利工程硕士论文随着我们国家农村经济的快速发展,村镇生活污水随意排放所引起的环境污染问题日益突出,怎样高效处理村镇生活污水已成为亟待解决的问题。微藻能利用污水中的氮磷等营养物质完成本身的生长繁衍,可获得生物质能源的原料,同时还可净化村镇生活污水,被广泛用于处理污水。但在实际应用中,微藻对污水水质有一定的选择性,氮磷浓度、浊度等过高或过低均会抑制微藻生长,需先用强有力的预处理方式方法来提高微藻净化污水的效率。为此,本研究主要针对西北地区的环境特点,以小球藻高效净化村镇生活污水为主要目的,采用稀释、过滤、高温灭菌等方式方法先对污水进行预处理,在这里基础上,通
2、过正交试验和温度、光照等环境因子结合,探究了预处理方式方法和环境因子对小球藻净化村镇生活污水的影响。 主要研究结果如下: 1为确定合适小球藻净化污水的最佳浓度,将村镇生活污水稀释25%、50%、75%和100%后用于培养小球藻。结果表示清楚,小球藻能在不同浓度的村镇生活污水中生长,华而不实在浓度为25%和100%污水中生长速度缓慢且最终获得的干重也较低,尤其是在浓度为100%的污水中,小球藻的生长速度最慢,最终的OD680仅为0.251,干重为163 mg L-1;而在浓度为50%的污水中小球藻的生长情况最好,最终获得的干重为364 mg L-1。对于污水的净化,污水浓度为50%时,小球藻对T
3、P和COD的净化效果最好,去除率分别为53.72%和53.26%;污水浓度为75%时,小球藻对TN和NH4+-N的去除效果最好,去除率分别为63.14%和58.64%。总体来看,将污水稀释为50%时对小球藻净化污水的促进效果最佳。 2采用高温灭菌、秸秆粉过滤、活性炭过滤等作为不稀释组的预处理方式方法,在这里基础上,再将污水稀释50%作为稀释组的预处理方式方法,以不稀释污水为对照,再利用小球藻对村镇生活污水做进一步处理。结果表示清楚,各预处理方式方法均对小球藻净化污水起到了促进作用,华而不实沉淀方式方法对小球藻净化污水的促进效果较小;在秸秆粉过滤条件下,小球藻的生长速度最快,最终的OD680为0
4、.706,干重达629 mg L-1,同时对TP的净化效果也最好,去除率达92.22%;经活性炭过滤后,小球藻对TN的去除效果最好,去除率达93.94%;经高温灭菌预处理后,小球藻对NH4+-N和COD的去除效果最佳,去除率分别为93.41%和86.21%。最终挑选出对小球藻净化污水促进效果最明显的预处理方式方法是高温灭菌、秸秆粉过滤和活性炭过滤。 3通过正交试验将高温灭菌、秸秆粉过滤和活性炭过滤三种预处理方式方法和环境因子组合,探究了组合方式方法对小球藻生长以及净化污水的影响。结果表示清楚,在温度、光照强度、光照时间和预处理方式方法四个因素中,温度对小球藻生长的影响最大,且在温度为25,光照
5、时间为20h,光照强度为6000 lux,预处理方式方法为秸秆粉过滤条件下,小球藻的生长速度最快,最终获得的干重为736mg L-1;预处理方式方法对小球藻去除污水中的TN、COD和NH4+-N的影响最大,华而不实在温度为20,光照时间20h,光照强度8000 lux和秸秆粉过滤条件下小球藻对TN的去除率达94.27%;在温度为30,光照时间为12h,光照强度为10000 lux和预处理方式方法为秸秆粉过滤条件下,小球藻对COD的去除率达89.51%;在温度为20,光照时间为16h,光照强度为8000 lux,预处理方式方法为秸秆粉过滤条件下,小球藻对NH4+-N的去除率达94.73%。对于T
6、P的去除,温度是主要影响因素,且在温度25,光照时间16h,光照强度10000 lux,预处理方式方法为高温灭菌条件下,小球藻对TP的去除效果最好,去除率为92.35%。 本研究提高了小球藻净化村镇生活污水的效率,并确定了合适小球藻在西北地区生长的环境条件,为解决当地农村生活污水处理和推动微藻能源产业化发展提供了技术参考。 本文关键词语: 村镇生活污水;小球藻;污水预处理;环境因子。 Abstract With the rapid development of rural economy in Chi na, the environmental pollution caused by the
7、random discharge of rural domestic sewage has b ecomeincreasingly prominent. Microalgae can use nitrogen and phosphorus and other nutrients in sewage to complete their own growth and reproduction, can obtainbiomass energy raw materials, but also can purify village sewage, is widely used in sewage tr
8、eatment. However, in practical application, microalgae have a certain selectivity to sewage water quality, and excessive or low concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus, turbidity, etc. will inhibit the growth of microa lgae, so it is necessary to use a strong pretreatment method to improve the puri
9、 fication efficiency of microalgae. Therefore, this study mainly aims at the environmental characteristics of the northwest, chlorella efficient sewage purification villages and towns as the main target, first by adopting the method of dilution, filtration, high temperature sterilization of sewage p
10、retreatment, then through orthogonal experiments and combined with the environmental factors such as temperature, illumination, explo re the pretreatment method and environmental factors influence on chlorella sewage purification villages and towns. The main research results are as follows: 1After d
11、iluting 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of the domestic sewage in villages and towns, chlorella can grow in different concentrations of domestic sewage invillages and towns. It is found that chlorella can grow slowly in 25% and 100% of the sewage, and the final dry weight is also low, especially i n 100% of
12、the sewage, the growth speed of chlorella is the slowest, and the final OD680 is only 0.251 , dry weight 163mg; The growth of chlorella was the best when the concentration was 50%, and the final dry weight was 364 mg. For the purification of sewage, when the sewage concentration is 50%, chlorella ha
13、s the best purification effect on TP and COD, with the removal rate of 53.72% and 53.26% respectively; when the sewage concentration is 75%, chlorella has the best removal effect on TN and NH4+-N, with the removal rate of 63.14% and 58.64% respectively. In general, when the wastewater is diluted to
14、50%, the effect of promoting the purification of wastewater by chlorella is the best. 2High temperature sterilization, straw powder filtration and activated carbon filtration are used as the pretreatment methods of the undiluted group. On this basis, 50% of the diluted sewage is used as the pretreat
15、ment method of the diluted group. The results show that the purification effect of chlorella on the undiluted group is better than that of the diluted 50% group, that is, the domestic sewage in villages and towns after sedimentation, high temperature sterilization and filtration It has been able to
16、meet the growth of chlorella, no need to dilute the sewage; each pretreatment method has played a role in promoting the purification of sewage, among which the sedimentation method has a little effect on the purification of sewage; under the condition of straw powder filtration, the growth speed of
17、chlorella is the fastest, the final OD680 is 0.706, the dry weight is 629mg L-1, and the purification effect of TP is the most The results showed that the removal rate of TN by chlorella was 92.22%, 93.94%, 93.41% and 86.21%, respectively. Finally, the most obvious pretreatmentmethods to promote the
18、 purification of wastewater by chlorella are high temperature sterilization, straw powder filtration and activated carbon filtration. 3The combination of three pretreatment methods and environmental factors, high temperature sterilization, straw powder filtratio n and activated carbon filtration, wa
19、s used to explore the influence of the combination method on the growth of chlorella vulgaris and the purification of sewage through orthogonal experiment. Among the four factors, temperature, light intensity, light tim e and pretreatment method, temperature had the greatest influence on the growth
20、of chlorella vulgaris, and the light time was 20h at 25 under the condition of 6000 lux intensity and straw powder filtration, chlorella grows the fastest, and the final dry weight is 736 mg L-1. The pretreatment method has the greatest influence on the removal of TN, COD and NH4+-N from wastewater
21、by chlorella. The removal rate of TN by chlorella reaches 94.27% under the condition of 20 , 20 hours of light, 8000 lux of light intensity and straw powder filtration The removal rate of COD by chlorella was 89.51% when the temperature was 30, the light time was 12h, the light intensity was 10000lu
22、x and the pretreatment method was straw powder filtration; the removal rate of NH4+-N by chlorella was 94.73% when the temperature was 20 , the light time was 16h and the light intensity was 8000 lux. For TP removal, temperature is the main factor, and at 25, illumination time 16 hours, illumination
23、 intensity 10000 lux, the pre treatment method is high temperature sterilization, chlorella removal efficiency of TP is the best, the removal rate is 92.35%. The study improved the efficiency of chlorella in purifying village sewage, and determined the environmental conditions suitable for chlorella
24、 to grow in northwest China, providing technical reference for solving local rural domestic sewage treatment and promoting the development of chlorella energy industrialization. Key words: Domestic sewage of villages; Chlorella vulgaris; Sewage pretreatment; Environmental factor。 文章为硕士论文,如需全文请点击底部下载
25、全文链接】 1.2、国内外研究现在状况. 1.2.1、 藻种的选择 1.2.2、 影响微藻生长的主要因素 1.2.3、微藻净化污水的预处理方式方法研究现在状况. 1.3、 研究内容和方式方法 1.3.1、问题的提出 1.3.2、 研究内容 1.3.3、 技术道路. 第2章 试验材料与方式方法 2.1、试验材料. 2.1.1、 试验水样及水质 2.1.2、试验藻种 2.1.3、 培养基 2.1.4 、主要仪器及装置. 2.2、试验方式方法 2.2.1、小球藻培养方式方法 2.2.2、微藻生长速度测定 2.2.3、微藻细胞干重的测定, 2.2.4、水质测定与数据分析 第3章 污水浓度对小球藻生长及
26、其净化污水的影响. 3.1、试验水质与试验设计 3.1.1、试验水质 3.1.2、试验设计 3.2、污水浓度对小球藻生长的影响 3.2.1、小球藻在不同浓度污水中的生长情 3.2.2、小球藻在不同浓度污水中的生物质积累情况 3.3、污水浓度对小球藻去除污染物的影响 3.3.1、小球藻去除总氮的情况. 3.3.2、小球藻去除总磷的情况 3.3.3、小球藻去除COD的情况 3.3.4、小球藻去除氨氮的情况 3.4、本章小结. 第4章 预处理方式方法对小球藻生长及其净化污水的影响 4.1、试验水质与试验设计 4.1.1、试验水质 4.1.2、试验设计 4.2、不同预处理方式方法净化污水的效果 4.3
27、、预处理方式方法对小球藻生长的影响 4.3.1、预处理方式方法对小球藻生长速度的影.响. 4.3.2、预处理方式方法对小球藻积累生物质的影响 4.4、预处理方式方法对小球藻净化污水的影响 4.4.1、预处理方式方法对小球藻去除总氮的影响. 4.4.2、预处理方式方法对小球藻去除总磷的影.响. 4.4.3、预处理方式方法对小球藻去除COD的影响 4.4.4、预处理方式方法对小球藻去除氨氮的影响. 4.5、本章小结 第5章 预处理方式方法和环境因子组合对小球藻净化污水的影响 5.1、试验水质与试验设计 5.1.1 、试验水质 5.1.2 、试验设计 5.2、预处理方式方法和环境因子组合对小球藻生长
28、情况的影响 5.2.1、组合方式方法对小球藻生长速度的影响 5.2.2、组合方式方法对小球藻生物质积累的影响. 5.3、预处理方式方法和环境因子组合对小球藻净化污水的影响 5.3.1、 组合方式方法对对小球藻去除总氮的影响. 5.3.2、组合方式方法对对小球藻去除总磷的影响. 5.3.3、 组合方式方法对对小球藻去除COD的影响 5.3.4、组合方式方法对对小球藻去除氨氮的影响. 5.4、 本章小结 第6章 结 论 本研究通过采用稀释、过滤、高温灭菌等不同预处理方式方法来提高小球藻净化村镇生活污水的效率,并确定三种净化效果较好的预处理方式方法,在这里基础上利用正交试验,分析预处理方式方法和温度
29、、光照等环境因子耦合对小球藻净化污水的影响,进一步提高小球藻净化污水的效率。主要研究结果如下: 1小球藻在浓度为25%、50%、75%和100%的村镇生活污水中均能生长,华而不实在浓度为50%的污水中生长情况最好,且在培养结束后获得的干重也最多,为364 mg;但在浓度为25%和100%污水中生长遭到抑制,详细表现为小球藻有较长的适应期且对数增长期的生长速度较慢,十分是在100%的污水中小球藻的生长抑制最明显,最终的光密度值为0.251,干重仅为163 mg。对于污水中的TP和COD的去除,在污水浓度为50%时,小球藻对它们去除效果最明显,去除率可达53%左右,对于污水中的TN和NH4+-N,
30、污水浓度为75%时,小球藻对它们的净化效果最好,去除率分别到达63%和58%左右。 2为了进一步提高微藻净化村镇生活污水的效率,先用过滤、灭菌等方式方法对村镇生活污水进行预处理再利用小球藻对污水做进一步净化,结果显示各预处理方式方法均对小球藻净化污水起到了促进作用。在秸秆粉过滤预处理条件下,小球藻的生长速度最快,最终的OD680为0.706,干重达629 mg L-1, 同 时 对TP的净 化 效 果 最 好 , 去 除 率 达92.22%; 经 活 性 炭 过 滤 后 , 小 球 藻 对TN的去 除 率 达93.94%,经高温灭菌预处理后,小球藻对NH4+-N和COD的去除率分别为93.41
31、%和86.21%,最终挑选出对小球藻净化污水促进效果较明显的预处理方式方法:高温灭菌、秸秆粉过滤和活性炭过滤。 3采用正交试验研究环境因子和预处理方式方法组合对小球藻净化污水的影响,发现小球藻在不同的组合方式方法中均能较好生长且污水中各污染物的指标进一步下降。在温度、光照强度、光照时间和预处理方式方法四个因素中,温度对小球藻生长的影响最大,且在温度为25,光照时间为20h,光照强度为6000 lux,预处理方式方法为 秸 秆粉过滤 条件下 ,小球藻 生长 地最好,最终获得 的干重为736mg L-1;预处理方式方法对小球藻去除污水中的TN、COD和NH4+-N的影响最大,华而不实在温度为20,光照时间20h,光照强度8000 lux和秸秆粉过滤条件下小球藻对TN的去除率达94.27%;在温度为30,光照时间为12h,光照强度为10000 lux和预处理方式方法为秸秆粉过滤条件下,小球藻对COD的去除率达89.51%;在温度为20,光照时间为16h,光照强度为8000 lux,预处理方式方法为秸秆粉过滤条件下,小球藻对NH4+-N的去除率达94.73%。对于TP的去除,温度是主要影响因素,且在温度为25,光照时间16h,光照强度10000 lux,预处理方式方法为高温灭菌条件下,小球藻对TP的去除效果最好,去除率达92.35%。 以下为参考文献