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1、椰壳炭用于电容去离子技术的研究,硕士论文淡水资源是人类赖以生存的基本物质.但是由于生活工业污水的排放,环境污染日益严重,淡水资源急剧短缺.所以解决可利用水资源的问题至关重要.众所周知,海水资源占据地球上水资源的绝大部分,但是由于海水中含有大量的氯化钠、氯化镁等盐类,并不能被直接利用,需要对其进行淡化后才能使用.华而不实,电容去离子技术(CDI)由于其具有淡化效果好、成本低和综合效益好的特点被广泛关注.电极是电容去离子中的核心部分,它的性能极大的影响了淡化性能.在选择电极材料时,为保证淡化能力,应选用来源广泛,成本较低的材料.本论文中选用了椰壳和钠锰氧化物作为原材料制备电极. 论文将椰壳通过马弗
2、炉煅烧和化学处理后得到了椰壳炭,并将椰壳炭与其他材料一起辊压成片电极.将制备成的电极以CDI模块测试系统对其脱盐性能进行测试研究.溶液的电导率随时间变化,讲明CDI模块能够成功的将待测溶液中的盐去除和脱附.在不同盐溶液流速情况下,溶液电导率首先下降较快,接着逐步趋于平缓.电导率随着溶液流速的增加下降较快,CDI效果逐步变好,但是继续增加溶液的流速至35r时,CDI效果变差.综合能耗与效益最大化,30r(10mL/min)的流速为最优选择.在不同操作电压下,操作电压越大,溶液中电导值下降幅度大.所研究的电压中电压为1V时吸附效果最好,电导率最低降至950 S/cm.将充放电仪反接后,脱附后得到的
3、溶液最大电导值与最初始的溶液电导值基本一致,这表示清楚所制备的椰壳炭材料电极同时也具备有良好的脱附性能.在处理不同盐溶液时,对不同离子电荷量和离子半径的吸附情况不同.不同离子吸附规律为电荷高吸附量大,所带电荷一致时,半径小吸附量较高. 论文使用钠锰氧化物(NMO)作为原材料,采用固相反响来合成制备了Na4Mn9O18,与其他材料混合均匀后辊压机压延成片型电极.以同样的方式方法制备了活性炭(Activcatedcarbon)电极.将NMO电极和AC电极组装成非对称系统.使用循环伏安法对NMO电极和AC电极测试,两种电极在水溶液中表现出优良的稳定性和高容量.同时对 NMO/AC 非对称系统除盐效果
4、进行测试.最大的离 子移除速率能够到达 0.066 mg(NaCl)/g/s.与 CDI 系统(0.048 mg/g/s)使用对称 活性炭电极所得出的结果相比,性能较好.在处理较高浓度的盐溶液时也具备较 好的处理效果.Na4Mn9O18 具有较大的充电容量(40 mA h/g50 mA h/g),并 且该值超过 300 F/g,比 AC 材料有更高层次的电容.同时在循环期间,充/放电容量 显示出极好的稳定性,300 圈循环后库仑效率接近 100%.讲明 NMO/AC 非对称 系统具有良好的电化学性能,同时在氯化钠水溶液中可屡次循环使用. 本文关键词语:电容去离子,电极,海水淡化,离子 Abst
5、ract Fresh water is the basic material for human survival. However, due to the discharge of industrial sewage, the environmental pollution is becoming more and more serious, and the fresh water resources are in short supply. So it is very important to solve the problem of using water resources. As w
6、e all know, sea water resources occupy the vast majority of water resources on the earth. However, because seawater contains a large number of salts such as sodium chloride and magnesium chloride, it can not be directly used, so it needs to be desalinated before it can be used. Among them, capacitiv
7、e deionized Technology (CDI) has been widely concerned because of its advantages of good desalination, low cost and good comprehensive benefits. The electrode is core part of the capacitive deionization, and its performance greatly affects the desalination performance. While selecting electrode mate
8、rials to ensure desalination, a wide range of materials with low cost should be selected. In this paper, coconut shells and sodium manganese oxides are selected asthe raw materialsfor the preparation of the electrode. The coconut shell was treated by muffle furnace and chemical procedures and coconu
9、t shell activated carbon was obtained. The coconut shell charcoal together with other materials were roled into electrode pieces. The desalting performance of the prepared electrode was tested by the CDI module test system. The electrical conductivity of the solution varies with time, indicating tha
10、t the CDI module can successfully remove and deactivate the salt in the solution. At the flow rate of different salt solutions, the conductivity of the solution first descends faster and then gradually tends to slow. With the increase of the flow velocity of the solution, the effect of CDI gradually
11、 becomes better, but the effect of CDI becomes worse when the flow rate of the solution increases to 35 r. The maximum energy consumption and efficiency are maximized, and the flow velocity of 30 r (10 mL/min) is the best choice. Under the different operating voltages, the greater the operating volt
12、age, the decrease of the conductivity in the solution. When the voltage in the voltage is 1V, the adsorption effect is the best and the conductivity is lower to 950 S/cm. The charging and discharging device will reverse, the maximum conductivity solution desorption values obtained with the initial c
13、onductivity values are consistent, which indicate that the coconut shell carbon electrode preparation also has good desorption performance. The adsorption of different ionic charge and ion radius is different when different salt solutions are treated. The adsorption of different ions is high in the
14、high charge of charge. When the charge is consistent, the small adsorption capacity is higher. Using sodium manganese oxide (NMO) as raw material, solid phase reaction is used to synthesize Na4Mn9O18, mixed with other materials, roll press is rolled into sheet type electrode. The AC electrode was pr
15、epared by the same method. The NMO electrode and the AC electrode were assembled into asymmetric systems. NMO electrode and AC electrode were tested by cyclic voltammetry. The two electrodes showed excellent stability and high capacity in aqueous solution. At the same time, the desalting effect of N
16、MO/AC asymmetric system was tested. The maximum removal rate of ion can reach 0.066 mg (NaCl)/g/s. Compared with the results obtained from the CDI system (0.048 mg/g/s) using a symmetrical activated carbon electrode, the performance is better. It also has good treatment effect when treating high con
17、centration of salt solution. Na4Mn9O18 has a larger charging capacity (40 mA h/g - 50 mA h/g), and the value is over 300 F/g, and has a higher capacitance than the AC material. At the same time, the charge/discharge capacity shows excellent stability during the cycle, and the coulomb efficiency is c
18、lose to 100% after 300 cycles. This indicates that the electrochemical performance of the NMO/AC asymmetric system is stable and can be used repeatedly in the sodium chloride solution. Key word: Capacitive; deionization; electrode; sea water; desalination ion 目 录 幅较长,部分内容省略,具体全文见文末附件 第5章结论与瞻望 5.1结论
19、1.椰壳炭电极在不同盐溶液流速下,溶液电导率首先下降较快,接着逐步趋于平缓.电导率随着溶液流速的增加下降较快,但是继续增加流速至35r时,CDI效果变差.30r(10mL/min)的流速为最优. 2.电极在测试电压为1V时吸附效果最好,电导率最低降至950 S/cm.电极对高电荷、半径小的离子吸附量大. 3.NMO/AC非对称系统最大除盐率可到达0.066mg(NaCl)/g/s. 4.Na4Mn9O18具有较大的充电容量(40mAh/g50mAh/g),NMO/AC非对称系统300圈循环后库仑效率接近100%,电化学性能稳定. 5.2瞻望 综上所述,我们以为CDI是一个具有挑战性和令人兴奋的
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