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1、120192019 高三英语上学期期末教学质量监测试题高三英语上学期期末教学质量监测试题II.II. GrammarGrammar andand VocabularyVocabularyWhyWhy MyMy BestBest FriendFriend IsIs a a BookBookWriting about beliefs is hard. It makes you reach deep into your soul and truly look at what is there. It requires time and effort, and then hits you in the
2、 face and someone in the background says “Oh, why didnt you think of that before?” Beliefs change, they mature and grow just (21)_a child. The best beliefs are the ones that (22)_( cherish) throughout a lifetime. One belief I cherish above all others is the power and enjoyment of reading.Reading can
3、 be for fun and that learning is (23)_(easy) when youre having fun. Being able to relate to the characters, imagine the conflicts in your head,and feel the characters sadness, as well as their joy, is the most amazing thing about reading. A chance to live another life for a short time, to be another
4、 person, Reading lends the soul and mind a place (24)_(escape). I would much rather pick up a good luck than watch a television show.Reading can teach us. Whether its a fantasy novel or a historical account, you learn when you read. It provides grammar and (25)_(write) language skills. Reading teach
5、es us about emotion. Reading gives you new words and expands your vocabulary by forcing you to challenge yourself. In its own way it makes us feel the emotions of the characters. (26)_ _ _ you read, I believe you will learn, mind and soul.Reading can bring people together. I cannot count the number
6、of new 2friends and people that have entered my life because of books. My stepmother, grandmother, and I all rad the same books. (27)_ is better than being able to share the tense moments, near misses, and happy endings while (28)_ (drink) a steaming cup of coffee together with someone. Reading allo
7、ws you to lower your walls and let people in to form genuine chains. Plus people (29) _read impressive books are usually pretty cool themselves!Over the years reading has been my companion. Always with a book in my purse, I have never faced the world without a best friend by my side. Books (30)_(hel
8、p) me through difficult periods and applauded me in times of celebration. Books always make me smile. Thats the biggest reason I believe in reading, because it will make you happy.SectionSection B BDirections:Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in
9、 the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need. A.extentB.substanceC.normalD. potential E. refreshingF.instructionsG. functionH.causedI.physicalJ.restoreK. mentallyThe discovery builds on earlier findings showed that a class of genes called splicing (胶接) fa
10、ctors is progressively switched off as we age. The research team found that splicing factors can be switched back on with 3chemicals, making aging cells not only look _31_ younger, but start to divide like young cells.The researchers applied compounds chemicals based on a _32_ naturally found in red
11、 wine, dark chocolate, red grapes and blueberries, to cells in culture. The chemicals _33_ splicing factors, which are progressively switched off as we age to be switched back on. Within hours, the cells looked younger and started to rejuvenate,behaving like young cells.The discovery has the _34_ to
12、 lead to therapies that could help people age better, without experiencing some of the degenerative effects of getting old. Most people by the age of 85 have experienced some kind of chronic illness, and as people get older they are more prone to stroke, heart disease and cancer.Professor Harries as
13、 saying, “This is a first step in trying to make people live_35_ lifetime, but with health for their entire life. Our data suggests that using chemicals to switch back on the major class of genes that are switched off as we age might provide a means to _36_ to old cells.”Dr Eva Latorre, Research Ass
14、ociate at the University of Exeter, who carried out the experiments, was surprised by the _37_ and rapidity of the changes in the cells.“When I saw some of the cells in the culture dish _38_ I couldnt believe it. These old cells were looking like young cells. It was like 4magic,” she said. “I repeat
15、ed the experiments several times and in each case the cells rejuvenated. I am very excited by the implications and potential for this research.”As we age, our tissues accumulate senescent cells which are alive but do not grow or _39_ as they should. These old cells lose the ability to correctly regu
16、late the output of their genes. This is one reason why tissues and organs become susceptible to disease as we age. When activated, genes make a message that gives the _40_for the cell to behave in a certain way. Most genes can make more than one message, which determines how the cell acts.Splicing f
17、actors are crucial in ensuring that genes can perform their full range of functions.III.III. ReadingReading ComprehensionComprehensionSectionSection A ADirections:Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the wor
18、d or phrase that best fits the context.Cameron Buckner, assistant professor of philosophy at the University of Houston, argues in an article published in Philosophy and Phenomenological Research that a wide range of animal species exhibit so-called “ executive control” when it comes to making decisi
19、ons, _41_ considering their goals and ways to satisfy those goals before acting.He acknowledges that language is _42_ for some experienced forms 5of higher-order thinking, or thinking about thinking. But supported by a review of previously published research, Buckner _43_ that a wide variety of anim
20、als - -elephants, chimpanzees( 黑猩猩), ravens( 大乌鸦) and lions, among others -_44_ reasonable decision-making.“ These data suggest that not only do some animals have a subjective take on the suitability of the _45_ they are evaluating for their goal, they possess a subjective, internal signal regarding
21、 their confidence in this take can be used to select among different options,” he wrote.The question has been _46_ since the days of the ancient philosophers, as people considered what means to be human is. One way to address that, Buckner said, is to _47_exactly what sets humans apart from other an
22、imals.Language remains a key difference between animals and humans, and Buckner notes that serious _48_ in the 1970s and 80s to teach animals human languageteaching chimpanzees to use sign language, _49_ -found that although they were able to express simple ideas, they did not engage in _50_thought
23、and language structures.Ancient philosophers relied upon unreliable _51_ to study the issue, but todays researcher conduct complicated controlled experiments. Buckner, working with Thomas Bugnyar and Stephan A. Reber, mental biologist at the University of Vienna, last year _52_ the results of a resu
24、lt that determined ravens share at least some of the human ability to think abstractly about other minds, _53_ their behavior by attaching their 6own observations to others.In his latest paper, Buckner offers several examples to support his _54_. His goal, Buckner said, was to organize experimental
25、research, “to see that were gathered enough evidence to say that animals really are _55_ in a unique way.”41. A. secretlyB. unintentionallyC. scarcelyD. consciously42. A. requiredB. qualifiedC. acquiredD. prepared43. A. concernsB. complainsC. concludeD. convinces44. A. turn downB. engage inC. refer
26、toD. argue about45. A. optionB. schemeC. regulationD. random46. A. dismissedB. ignoredC. debatedD. answered47. A. evaluateB. determineC. overlookD. initiate48. A. resultsB. successesC. achievementsD. attempts49. A. for exampleB. this is to sayC. on the contraryD. as a result50. A. obviousB. feasible
27、C. privateD. complex51. A. mysteryB. traditionC. evidenceD. fiction52. A. substitutedB. publishedC. reflectedD. maintained53. A. adaptingB. symbolizingC. investigatingD. revenging54. A. agreementB. implementC. requirementD. argument55. A. passionateB. reasonableC. confusedD. ridiculousSectionSection
28、 A A(A)(A)7We see them everywhere. “There are some things that money cant buy for everything else, theres MasterCard.” We hear them everywhere. “Make life rewarding American Express.” Whether watching television, driving down the highway, or even appearing on our Facebook page, the appeal of money i
29、s inescapable.Growing up, my parents always emphasized the importance of family and faith over material possessions. Yet, money and all the new, interesting things it could buy did not escape me. As I entered my freshman year, my debit card and I engaged in quite the dates. Between game-day dresses,
30、 steak dinners and wonderful downtown Athens, I quickly drained 17 years worth of savings.By the time summer rolled around, I didnt consider how much cash I had spent, or how much stuff I had acquired I was focused on how much more money I would need for next fall. When I wasnt working, I was checki
31、ng my bank account, try to figure out if my next paycheck would cover those pillows that would look so cute in my new apartment. My bank account balance was becoming a major source of stress in my life, creating tension with my financially smart parents and causing me constant concern. Finally, afte
32、r a very heated argument with my Dad, I accepted the truth: I simply could not afford money anymore.I realized that I was much happier (and I sensed my blood pressure was much lower) when money was just something in the bank. While the clothes are pretty and those pillows are comfycomfy, they lost t
33、heir appeal right around the second a new item caught my eye. Towards the end of the summer, I let go of my financial issues after all, I cant buy more time with my friends and family before going back to Athens.I still check my bank account. I still go shopping occasionally. But now, those arent pr
34、iorities. My money sufferings taught me that I 8shouldnt seek out wealth as a means of satisfaction and happiness. Instead, my happiness should come from the moments and people that cannot be bought, exchanged, or returned. I now re-word those credit card slogans to reflect the value I place on find
35、ing wealth in the love shared between my family and friends: “There are some things that money cant buy Seek them.” Unlike cash, this form of wealth grows the more I give.56. According to the passage, the author feels happy now mainly because _.A. the appeal of money is inescapableB.he values the lo
36、ve between his family and friendsC.his wealth grows by working hard every dayD. he has paid off his debt in cash57. The author mentions the heated argument with Dad in paragraph 3 in order to _.A. show how to settle problems with othersB.prove how selfish his Dad isC.explain material possessions get
37、 him into troubleD. display generation gap between Dad and Son58. The word “comfycomfy” (paragraph 4) probably means _.9A. realisticB. individualC. graciousD. comfortable59. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Seeking a different kind of wealthB.Letting go of different s
38、ufferingsC.Wealth as a means of satisfactionD. Happiness grows out of hardships(B)(B)Americans are more stressed than ever, according to an American Psychological Association survey, and nearly one-third say stress impacts their physical or mental health. If you have any of these symptoms, your stre
39、ss might be making you sick. Heres how to battle against them.If youve never suffered from headaches but suddenly your head is constantly striking, you might be too stressed. Stress releases chemicals that can cause changes to nerves and blood vessels（血管） in the brain, which brings on a headache. St
40、ress can cause them or make them worse. Its also common for your muscles to tense up when youre stressed, which can also cause a headache.WHATWHAT TOTO DO:DO:10If you dont want to take medicine, try spreading lavender （薰衣草）oil on your temples（太阳穴）when a headache starts. Or try one of thesehome remed
41、ies for headaches.Stress can make you mentally sick, too. Too much of the stress hormone cortisol （皮质醇）can make it harder to concentrate, causing memory problems as well as anxiety or depression, says Dr. Levine.WHATWHAT TOTO DO:DO:Relax until you regain your concentration. Practice closing your eye
42、s and breathing in and out slowly, concentrating only on your breath.Losing a few strands of hair is normal (old hair follicles （囊）are replaced by new ones over time), but stress can disturb that cycle. Significant stress pushes a large number of hair follicles into whats called a resting stage and
43、then a few months later those hairs fall out, according to MayoClinic.org. Stress can also cause the bodys resistantsystem to attack your hair follicles, resulting in hair loss.WHATWHAT TOTO DO:DO:11Be patient. Once your stress level returns to normal, your hair should start growing back.60. If your
44、e stressed, you might have one of the following symptoms EXCEPT that _.A. you keep getting headachesB. you always have a coldC. your hair is falling outD. your brain feels confused61. Which of the following is suggested if your brain goes out of focus?A. Breathing slowly with your eyes closed.B.Wait
45、ing until your brain returns to normal.C.Spreading lavender oil on your temples.D. Relaxing and attacking your brain softly.62. What will happen once we get over our stress according to the passage?A. Our hair starts falling out and then grows back.B.Our bodys resistant system attacks your hair foll
46、iclesC.Our hair starts growing again.D.A serious headache starts.12(C)(C)For many in the general public and the engineering community alike, the potential implications of additive manufacturing (AM) have excited the imagination. Popularly known as 3-D printing, the emerging class of technologies has
47、 been regarded as both a revolution in production and an opportunity for dramatic environmental advance.Yet while the technological capabilities of additive manufacturing processes are studied extensively, a deep understanding of their environmental implications is still lacking.A new special issue
48、of Yales Journal of Industrial Ecology presents the cutting-edge research on this emerging field, providing important insights into its environmental, energy, and health impacts.Though sometimes described in the public field as similar to an inkjet printer for making objects, additive manufacturing is primarily used as a production process in industry and contains a diverse set of technologies. What they share is the ability to produce products and parts based on digital information by adding layers of materials one after the other rather than, as in traditional manufacturing