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1、语法专题突破第二部分 专题十非谓语动词2中考考点 分析分析遵义近8年中考真题可知，非谓语动词的考查点有：动词不定式、动名词和现在分词，此考点主要在短文填空、单词拼写和短文(句子)改错中进行考查。34中考考点 精讲基本用法动词不定式的基本形式为：to动词原形(不定式符号to有时可以省略)，其否定形式为：not to动词原形。考点1动词不定式 51作宾语补足语常见的后面接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词advise 建议allow 允许ask 要求expect 期望force 强迫invite 邀请order 命令teach 教tell 告诉want 想要warn 警告wish 希望63作宾语常见的后
2、面接动词不定式作宾语的动词afford 负担得起agree 同意begin 开始cant wait 迫不及待decide 决定expect 期待forget 忘记hope/wish希望learn 学习manage 设法完成plan 计划prepare 准备pretend 假装promise 承诺refuse 拒绝remember 记得want 想要would like 想要74.作主语动词不定式作主语往往用it作形式主语，而句子的真正主语不定式则被后置。常用句型：Itsadj.(for sb.)to do sth.或Itsadj.(of sb.)to do sth.。eg.Its good f
3、or you to take exercise.对你而言，锻炼是有益的。Its nice of you to take pictures for us.你真好，为我们拍照。5作表语动词不定式作表语，常位于系动词之后。eg.To see is to believe.眼见为实/百闻不如一见。6作定语动词不定式作定语时，要置于被修饰的名词之后，作后置定语。eg.I am not free now.I have lots of things to do.我现在没空。我有很多事要做。89动词不定式常用句型1tooadj.to do sth.表示“太而不能做某事”。eg.The boy is too yo
4、ung to look after himself.这个男孩太小，不能照顾他自己。2adj.enough to do sth.表示“足够做某事”。eg.He is old enough to go to school.他足够大可以上学了。3Its ones turn to do sth.表示“轮到某人做某事了”。eg.Its my turn to tell a story.轮到我讲故事了。4prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.表示“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”。eg.I prefer to do more work rather than do nothing
5、at home.我宁愿做更多的工作也不愿在家无所事事。10用所给词的适当形式填空1Im afraid they would not allow him _(smoke)here.2On my way home，I stopped _(buy)some food.3Parents often ask their kids not _(meet)their Internet friends because the kids may be in danger.改错4I am so excited because Susan invited me going on a trip during the
6、summer holiday._ 5The woman always makes her daughter to wash hands before eating._活学巧练 to smoketo buyto meetgoingto go111作宾语(1)作动词宾语eg.I like playing football very much.我非常喜欢踢足球。考点2动名词 常跟动名词作宾语的词admit 承认advise 建议avoid 避免consider 考虑enjoy 喜欢finish 完成imagine 想象keep on 继续mind 介意miss 错过practice 练习stop 停
7、止122作定语动名词作定语，通常位于名词前，说明它所修饰的名词的作用或用途。eg.There is a swimming pool in our school.我们学校有一个游泳池。3作主语谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如果并列的动名词(短语)作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。eg.Reading in bed is not good for your eyes.在床上看书对你的眼睛不好。Reading and writing make me happy.读书和写作使我开心。4作表语动名词(短语)作表语可以转化为动名词(短语)作主语。eg.His favorite sport is playing p
8、ingpong.Playing pingpong is his favorite sport.他最喜欢的运动是打乒乓球。131415161May I have a rest?I have already finished _(write)the report.2Im sorry to have kept you _(wait)for such a long time.改错3Football fans look forward to see the football player，Ronaldo._ 4Imagine to stand at the top of the hill，and wha
9、t wonderful views you will see._ 活学巧练 writingwaitingseeseeingto standstanding171基本用法分词包括现在分词(v.ing)和过去分词(v.ed)。其常见用法如下表：考点3分词 功能说明例句宾语补足语现在分词作宾语补足语，被修饰的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语(即主动关系)I hear my sister singing.我听见我妹妹在唱歌。过去分词作补足语，被修饰的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语(即被动关系)I had my hair cut last night.昨天晚上我理发了。18功能说明例句定语现在分词作定语，其逻辑主语是
10、所修饰的词Do you know the boy playing football?你认识踢足球的那个男孩吗？过去分词作定语，其逻辑宾语是所修饰的词Please hand in your written exercise.请上交你的书面练习。状语分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语The students went out of the classroom，talking and laughing.学生们谈笑着走出了教室。192.现在分词与过去分词的区别(1)在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义。eg.a moving film 一场感人的电影the moved people 被感动的人们(2)在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已完成的动作。eg.the developing country 发展中国家the developed country 发达国家20改错1Even if take a taxi，I will still be late for the meeting._ 2Although he tried to make himself understand，we couldnt know what he said._ 活学巧练 taketakingunderstandunderstood