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1、中考英语语法填空解题技巧、题型概述短文填空是中考英语试卷最难题目之一，它的分值是15分，分为10个小题，每小题L 5分, 占整份英语试题分值的12. 5% (15/120)o短文填空一般在一篇200250字左右的故事性短文中挖 出10个空(一般一行或一句一个空，首句不设空)，要求学生通读短文，并根据上下文来补全短 文，每空只能填一个单词(不能填数字)。主要考九大词类(名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、 数词、介词、连词、冠词)。该题旨在测试考生的英语阅读理解能力和简单的书面表达能力，看其是否能够运用所学过的 英语知识进行简单的书面交流，从而达到既考查学生的语言基础知识，又考查他们的观察能力、 联
2、想能力以及对语言的综合运用能力。为了答好短文填空题目，我们要打好基础关。这个基础关 既包括1600个单词，300多个短语以及一部分常用句型和习惯用语的意思和用法，也包括各种词 的词形变化。此处重点介绍在短文填空中常考的名词和动词的词形变化。二、解题步骤1 .略读全文，掌握大意。短文填空与完形填空一样，属于障碍性阅读，但它的难度比完形填空还要高，因为完形填空 有四个备选答案，而短文填空没有提供备选答案，要求考生既能想得到答案，还要写得对单词。 所以在解题时，先略读全文，对全文有个大概了解。2 .运用所学知识和技巧，逐项填空，先易后难。在读完一遍之后，对短文内容有大概了解。然后运用所学的知识与技巧
3、，根据文章的大意， 逐个填空。易的先填，难的做标记后填。绝对不能留空。3 .核对答案。全部题目完成后，再复读一遍，核查答案。(1)检查答案注意动词的时态、语态。(2)检查名词要注意单复数。(3)检查形容词和副词的三个级别。(4)检查习惯用语、固定搭配等是否符合习惯。(5)检查上下文的连贯性，以及所填词是否符合逻辑。三、方法技巧技巧一：寻“宝”推理法与完形填空的寻“宝”推理法一样，就是在从上下文中找到相关的“宝”(信息点)，通过逻 辑推理，从而填出与原句意思相符单词的方法。如：【典例】It was a fine day last Sunday. John went to Tianlong sup
4、ermarket to do some G)alone. Because it was a little far away from his home,he2)his car there. Soon he got there and found room for his car. He parked his car and went into the(3to buy the things he needed. Twenty minutes later, he finished shopping. He was very happy he could(4)shopping in less tha
5、n half an hour. At last he took the things slowly back to the car park. What a good day he had!【分析】(1)A.上下寻宝:从下文(倒数第二行)可寻到“宝”：he could finish shopping in less. . o B.判定答案：把“宝”代入句子中，意思完整，故确定答案填shopping。C.检查复核：shopping此处是不可数名词，不用+s。A.上下寻宝：从下文（本空的后一句）可寻到“宝”：Soon he got -for his car”。B.判定答案：经过逻辑推理，只有开车去
6、超市，才要找停车位，故确定答案填drive。C.检查复核：drive是动词。上半句动词用was为过去时，所以本空也要用过去时“drove”。（3）A.上下寻宝：从上文（第一行第二句）可寻到“宝”：Tianlong supermarketv oB.判定答案：把“宝”代入句子中，意思完整,故确定答案填supermarket。C.检查复核：supermarket此处是可数名词，但此处没有复数的概念，不用+s。技巧二：.搭配法根据短语，句型以及习惯用语的常用搭配来填词的方法。如：【典例】With the environment becoming worse and worse, more and mo
7、re people realize the importance of protecting the environment. But there are still some people paying less(j)to it. They are still doing something harmful to the environment. Last Sunday I went to the Plant Garden to enjoy (2), When I stepped into the gateof the garden, I felt comfortable at first
8、because I could breathe the fresh air and enjoy the beautiful flowers and trees. But to my(3), I saw a man lying in a sleepnet hanging (A)two trees. I thought this kind of behavior wou 1 d hurt the trees. How could he make money by hurting the trees like this? Without trees, how could we get the fre
9、sh air? I don t know how to express my anger. I think C5)is our duty to protect the environment. So something must be done to stop this kind of behavior.【分析】A.寻找搭配：从空格前后我们可寻到短语搭配：pay attention to”。B.判定答案：由搭配可知，此处填attention 一词。C.检查复核：attention代入后，意思通顺，符合逻辑，且attention是不可数名词，不用(2)A.寻找搭配：从空格前我们可寻到短语搭配：e
10、njoy oneself oB.判定答案：由搭配可知，此处缺了 oneself一词。前面是I,所以此处填myself。C.检查复核：myself代入后,意思通顺，符合逻辑，且myself没有词形变化。技巧三：.前后关系判断法根据所填空的前后部分之间的关系来填词的方法。【典例】At our school, we sometimes have a special day to help others. We call the day “Volunteer Day” . On that day, we often go to the old people, s home (1) help them
11、do the housework. The old people were very happy (2) every year we organize this kind of activities several times.(3) we don t do much for them, they were thankful to us. They were lonely, they needed people to visit them often and chatted with them.(4) every one can do something for the lonely old
12、people, they will be happier.【分析】A.分开关系部分或句子：从所填空句子意思，我们可将句子分两部分。第一部分“we often go tothe old people s homev 。第二部分“help them do the housework”.B.根据两部分之间关系，判定答案：两部分之间是并列关系，要填and；或者第二部 分 “help themdo the housework” 是“we often go to the oldpeople, s home” 的目的。要 填tOoc.检查复核：and或to代入后，意思通顺，符合逻辑。所以此题答案可填and或
13、to。(1)A.分开关系部分或句子：从所填空句子意思，我们可将句子分两部分。第一部分“the old people were very happy” 。B.第二部分 uevery year we organize this kind of activities several timesv .根据 两部分之间关系，判定答案：老人们很高兴是因为每年我们有好几次组织这样的活动。所以两部 分之间是因果关系，此处要填表原因的词because。C.检查复核：because代入后，意思通顺，符合逻辑。所以此题答案可填because。(2)A.分开关系部分或句子：从所填空句子意思，我们可将句子分两部分。第一
14、部分“we don t do much for them”。B.第二部分 they were thankful to us” .根据两部分之间关系，判定答案：虽然我们为 他们做的不多，但是他们对我们很感激。两部分之间是转折关系，故要填Though.C.检查复核：Though代入后，意思通顺，符合逻辑。所以此题答案可填Though。(3)A.分开关系部分或句子：从所填空句子意思，我们可将句子分两部分。第一部分every one can do something for the lonely old people” 。第二部分 “they will be happier”.B.根据两部分之间关系，判定答案：如果每个人都能为孤单老人做些事情，他们就会更高兴。 所以两部分之间是条件关系，要填If。C.检查复核：If代入后，意思通顺，符合逻辑。所以此题答案可填If。