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1、Words and expressions核心词汇：seek,earn,select,escape,claim,fold, percentage,suit contain,diverse,admit,occur;bring about, at first handl.seek (seek-sought-sought)教材语境 P28 Over 300,000 people came from all over the world to seek their fortune, and San Francisco quickly became a big city. 30多万人从世界各地蜂拥而至，
2、在这里寻找致富之路，旧金山迅速 成为一座大都市。用法详解：(l)vt. &vi.寻求,谋求;寻找;vt.(向人)请求.常见搭配：seek (for) sth. /sb.寻找某物/某人seek.from sb.向某人请求seek ones fortune外出寻找发财机会, 外出闯荡If you want to, you must work hard.你如果想谋求成功,就必须努力.She managed to calm him down and then.她设法使他平静下来，然后向一位邻居求助。I packed up my things and went to Beijing.我收拾好行囊，到北京
3、闯荡。vi.试图，设法常见搭配seek to do sth. (=try to do sth.)试图做某事，设法做某事They between our two countries.他们设法改善我们两国间的关系。2. earn教材语境 P28 To earn a living, some opened up shops and restaurants in Chinatown.为了 谋生,有些人 在唐人街开起了商店和餐馆.用法详解 vt.&vi.赚得，挣得常见搭配:earn ones/a living短语中的ones和a不能换成the,且living只能用单数形式。earn/make money
4、 赚钱，挣钱My grandpa said last summer they by selling the fish.我爷爷说去年夏天他们靠卖鱼赚了很多钱。(2018.全国1卷)He by teaching at a language school.他靠在一所语言学校教书谋生。Ive decided to take a part-time job during the summer vacation.我已经决定在暑假期间干一份兼职工作,挣些零花钱。vt.博得，赢得常见搭配：earn sb为某人赢得/博得earn a reputation 赢得名声earn the respect/trust o
5、f sb.赢得某人的尊敬/信任His outstanding ability earned him a place on the team.他非凡的能力为他在队中赢得一席之地.As a teacher, she has.作为教师，她已赢得学生们的尊敬。3.select教材语境 P29I selected a Cantonese restaurant that served its food on beautiful china plates.我挑了一家粤菜馆，他们端出来的食物是放在精美的瓷盘子上的。了。(The exam与hold之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且表示将要发生的动作，但句子的主语I不是
6、 hold这一动作的执行者，所以这里用不定式的被动形式)特别提醒：在独立主格结构中用动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词的意义是不同的。动词不定式 往往表示没有发生或即将发生的动作，现在分词表示主动的、正在进行的动作或现在的状态，过 去分词往往表示被动的、已经完成的动作。独立主格结构有时可以和with的复合结构互换。秋天来了，树叶变黄了，一些鸟儿飞到了南方。With autumn coining, the tree leaves turn yellow and some birds fly to the south.Autumn coming, the tree leaves turn yellow
7、 and some birds fly to the south.实战演练：1 .The meeting was ovenand all left the room.换为独立主格为：,all left the room.2 .If all things are considered,her paper is of greater value than yours.换为独立主格为：,her paper is of greater value than yours.5 . More than 80% of the city was destroyed, including much of the
8、downtown area.译文：超过80%的城市被毁，包括大部分市中心地区。分析：画线部分为“百分数+of+名词”结构作主语，由于the city为单数形式，且此处叙述的是发生在 过去的事情，因此be动词用was考点提炼：“分数/百分数+of+名词作主语时的主谓一致问题”分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数由of后面的名词的单复数决定,即当名词为可 数名词复数形式时，谓语动词用复数形式;当名词为可数名词单数形式或不可数名词时.，谓语动词 用单数形式。One third of the students in our class have been admitted to key
9、 quarter universities.我们班三分之一的学生被重点大学录取了。Only 60 percent of the scheduled work was done yesterday.昨天只干了 60%的安排的活儿。特别提醒：分数的表达法:分子在前，分母在后;分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子大于1时，分母用复数形式。如:one fourthtwo thirds二分之一”用 a half/one hall 表示，四分之一用 a fourth/one fourth 或 a quarter/one quarter 表示 实战演练：(1 )Two(five) of the land in
10、that country covered with trees andgrass.(2)The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which(be) saved for other purposes.(3)Most of the drugs listed on the tables( believe) to be made from plants.6 .The majority of residents in Chinatown are still ethnic Chinese,many of whom do n
11、ot speakEnglish fluently如今唐人街的绝大多数居民依旧是华人，他们中很多人英语说的并不流利。分析：The majority. Chinese,many of whom.English fluently.”不定代词+of+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句考点提炼：”名词/不定代词/数词+of+关系代词”结构该结构的具体用法如下：常用的不定代词：most, all, none, both, neither, some, any 等。数词:既可用基数词和序数词，又可用分数和百分数。关系代词:which(先行词是物),whom(先行词是人)和whose(在从句中作定语,先行词是人
12、或物)。该结构可用”of+关系代词+名词/不定代词/数词”结构替换。He mentioned a person, the name of whom (=of whom the name) Ive forgotten.他提到了一个人，人名我忘记了。There are 16 students here , all of whom( = of whom all) have passed the test.这里有16名学生，他们所有人都已经通过了考试。He downloaded some songs, four of which( =of which four) were very sweet.他下载
13、了一些歌曲，其中有四首非常好听。The trees, all of whose leaves have fallen down, are very old.那些树很老了，它们所有的叶子都落了。实战演练：(1) .The growth of economy is influenced by a number of factors, most of are beyond our control.(2) . In our class there are 46 students, half of wear glasses.(3) . Dong Qing ,a famous hostess, share
14、d her experience of creating The Readers ,one of purposes is to create more original entertainment.用法详解select vt.挑选，选择select sb. to do sth.挑选某人做某事select sb./sth. from.从中选出某人/某物select sb. as.挑选某 人担任Wethe English contest.我们挑选他去参加那场英语比赛。Theysix finalists.他们从六位决赛选手中选出获胜者。Webecause he was very responsibl
15、e.我们选汤姆当队长,因为他很负责。 归纳拓展： selection n. sing., U挑选,选择;。被挑选的人(或物)make a selection 作出选择(:make a choice) (2) selective adj.选择性的，有选择的;认真挑选的4.escape教材语境 P29 A代er visiting the southern part of Yunnan, I have to admit that it is the best region of China to escape the cold winter.参观了云南的南部地区后,我不得不承认，它是在中国躲避寒冷冬
16、季 的最佳地区。 用法详解vi. &vt.(从危险或糟糕的处境中)逃离，逃避，摆脱:.避开，避免(不愉快或危险的事物),后接动词时要 用 vingA big rock rolled down and he narrowly escaped(hit).一块大石头滚了卜来，差点儿砸着他。 In order to escape(catch), thethief tried to hide himself among the trees.常见搭配escape from从中逃离They went to the hills to escape the summer heat.他们去山中避暑了He narr
17、owly escaped death in an earthquake.他在一次地震中死里逃生。(2) vi. & n. C,U逃跑乂气体、液体等的)泄漏escape from从逃走It seemed that no one knew how the dog.似乎没有人知道那条狗是怎么从笼子里逃出来的。make ones escape 逃走A soon as he turned his back, she would.他一转身,她就会逃跑。 have a narrow escape 死里逃生 幸运的是，昨天汤姆和玛丽的车在高速公路上与一辆面包车相撞时，他们死里逃生。Luckily, Tom a
18、nd Mary when their car crashed into a van on the expresswayyesterday.vt.被忘掉，被忽视，未被注意(不用于被动语态)，通常用物作主语。 常见搭配 escape ones attention/notice过某人的注意,被某人忽视I knew his face, but his name escaped me.我认识他的面容,但他的名字我却不记得了。 5.claim教材语境 Over 3, 000 lives were claimed in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and the sc
19、ries of fires that occurred after it. 用法详解：(l)vt.(灾难、事故等)夺走，夺去(生命) The flood has so far claimed over 1,000 lives. vt.声称，宣称，断言常见搭配:claim (that).声称claim to do slh.声称做某事He claims that the drug is also effective in treating headaches.She claimed to have ever been received by the president.=She claimed t
20、hat she had ever been received by the president.(3)vt. &vi.索要,索取;vt.认领常见搭配：claim sth. from sb (for sth.)(因)向某人索要某物claim sth. back索要回某物You can claim your money back if the goods are damaged.(4)n. C声明，宣称，断言;(尤指向公司、政府等)索款，索赔常见搭配：make a claim(for.)提出(的)赔偿要求;要求(.)If the problem lies in the goods themselv
21、es, you may make a claim.即学即练:(l)She claimed 500 dollars him the injuries she suffered.(2)Dont be taken in by products claiming (help) you lose weight in a week.6.bring about 导致;引起(相当于 cause* lead to, result in)教材语境 What do you think brought about the cultural diversity?1) The accident was brought a
22、bout by his carelessness.2) Its believed that new technologies will bring about great changed in our daily life.bring out使显现；出版；说出 bring in引进 bring back归还;使想起;恢复bring up抚养,养育;提出；呕吐 bring down降低，减少 bring along带来，带上(既学既练)His parents died early and he(抚养)by his aunt.(1) What on earth(造成)the accident.(2
23、) The house prince must(下降)。7 .fold vt.包；裹；折叠vt.&vi.(可)折小；(可叠平)教材语境 I really like that paper folding book, and my son likes that paper folding book,too. 常见搭配：fold sth. up 把折叠起来 unfold vt.&vi.(使)展开；He folded the map up and put it in his packet o8 .pcrcentagc n.百分率；百分比教材语境The figure is expressed as a
24、percentage.数字是用百分率表示的。A high percentage of the female staff are part time workers.a large/small percent of. 大部分/少数percent of.百分之的注意：percent of做主语时，后面谓语的单复数与percent of后面名词的单复数保持一致。More than 80 percent of the students are boys in this school.The output of steel has increased by 80 percent.9.suitvt:适辨析
25、A .口 ；，四ppercent表示“百分之.”时，相当于“”，前面往往是 个具体的数字ALL . flj,相配；percentage表示“百分比，百分率”前面不能是具体的数字，只能被high, low合身n：西等形容词修饰。月艮；套装 教材 p32)There is Chinese food to suit everyones taste, with traditional dishes from all over China.有适 合每个人口味的中国菜，有来自中国各地的传统菜。suit ones needs适合某人的需要suitable, adj适合的相配的be suitable fors
26、b/sth.适合于某人/某物be suitable to do sth.适合做某事l.To students, youd better choose the activities which interest you and suit you.对学生来说，你最好选 择那些你感兴趣并适合你的活动。During holidays youd better wear casual clothes, but not a formal suit.假期期间你最好穿便服，而不要 穿正装。3.If we met at 2,would that suit you?我们 2 点钟见面,你方便吗?即学即练1. I d
27、o believe I this voluntary work for I have a good knowledge of English.因为我精通英语，我的确认为我适合这项志愿者工作。2.1 do believe this voluntary work because I have a good knowledge of English.Fit suit match 丹辛析：lO.(at) first hand 第一手;亲自(教材)They allow visitors who have never been to China to experience traditional Chin
28、ese culture first hand.他们让从未到过中国的游客直接体验中国传统文化。at hand在手边，在附近by hand用手工hand in hand手拉手in hand在手头，在处理中on the one hand.on the other hand 一方面另一方面(for one thing, for another)即学即练卜用hand的相关短语填空)found out my grades on the internet.我在互联网上直接查到了我的成绩。2)As the saying goes, success and failure always.俗话说的好，成功和失败总
29、是相 辅相成的。3).You/d better keep a dictionary close.4)/computers improve the working efficiency. On the other hand, they also bring aboutsome new problems.ll.containvt.包含;含有溶纳(教材 P33)Does the city introduction contain all the important information?城市介绍包含所有重要信 息吗？(l)contain oneself 自制，忍耐 (2)container n.客
30、器l.lm glad to find the book which contains all the information I need.我很高兴找到了那本包含我所需要的一切信息的书I was so angry that I couldnt contain myself我太生气了，以至于无法克制我自己。2. Our range of herbal teas contain no artificial flavourings 我们这一系列的药草茶不含人工调味剂。 (既学既练)1 .There are 60 students in our class,(contain) 35 boys and
31、25 girls.2 .The(contain) contains many kinds of fruits z including apples.3 .Hearing the news, he couldnt contain(he) and burst into laughter.辨析：contain 和 include： 12.diverse adj,不同的;多种多样的Although these states and their people are (diverse),they share the common goal of economic development.虽然这些国家及人
32、民不同，但他们有着共同的经济发展目标。The alternatives that are(diverse)represented by the participants 归纳拓展：diversity n.多样性；多样化；差异(性)；不同点 His object is to gather as great a diversity of material as possible. 他的目标是尽可能搜集各种不同的材料。 13.admit(l)vi.&vt.教材语境 P28I have to admit that it definitely feels good to be back in the c
33、ity again. 我得承认，再次回到城里的感觉真是太棒了。(1)常指勉强)承认；承认(过错、罪行)，招认常见搭配：admit (to) sth.承认某事admit (to) doing /having done sth.承认做 了 某事admit to sb. That.向某人承认We should have the courage our mistakes.我们应当有勇气承认错误。I couldnt my parents that I was finding the course difficult.我无法向父母承认我发现这门课程难。She apologized to me and ad
34、mitted (to)(take) my umbrella by mistake.(having taken)He refused other charges.他拒不承认其他指控。Luna succeeded in gaining admission to the university of her choice.(2) vt.准许进入；接收(入学);准许加入(俱乐部、组织等) 常见搭配admit.to/into准许进入；准许.加入；be admitted to/into被录取；被接纳；成为的一员 be admitted as作为被接纳Only ticket-holders will the
35、stadium.只有持票者才可进入体育场。He has been admitted to/into the famous university.他已经被这所著名的大学录取了。He a member of the basketball.他被接纳为球队的一员。熟词生义：admit还有“(场所等)可容纳”的意思。归纳拓展:admission n.C承认；招认U,C准许加入；入场费 apply for admission to/into.申请进入;申请加入 gain/obtain admission to/into.获准进入/力口入. make an admission that承认/招认.In th
36、e face of these facts,he had to make an admission that he told us a lie.面对这些事会；他不得不承认他对我们说了谎。The two boys that they into the theatre with no,which could1000 people.这两个男孩承认他们被准许不用入场费技能进入这家可容纳一千人的剧院。14.occur vi.教材语境 P28And what a city-a city that was able to rebuild itself after the earthquake that oc
37、curred in 1906.多么神奇的一座城市一座1906年大地震后能自我重建的诚实。 用法详解(l)vi.发生，出现无被动，不用于进行时，作谓语动词时，主语不能是sbWe are he products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. 我彳门是进?(七 的产物，而不仅仅是发生在数十亿年前的进化。How many times does the word the(occur)in the sentence you are reading?在你正在 读的句 子中单词 the出现多少
38、次？(2)vi.(想法等)被想到sth. occurs to sb.(想法等)浮现在某人的脑海中。常见搭配:lt occurs to sb. that念头浮现在某人的脑海中。常用过去时，(It作形式主语，真正的主 语是that引导的从句,且that不能省略)同义句型：It struck/hit sb that.The thought me that he might not be telling the truth.=It occurred to me that he might not be telling the truth.我突然想到他可能没有说真话。归纳拓展:发生”的其他表达法：hap
39、pen意为“碰巧”，常含有偶然或突发的意味。break out意为“爆发，突然开始“，多指战争、火灾或疾病等突然爆发。take place常指按计划发生的事，没有”偶然“的意味。可引申为举行，举办二After the flu,an urgent meeting,and we discussed what had among thestudents,and finally agreed om the way to prevent its spreading.Discovering Useful Structures-The use of ellipsis in English省略是指省去可以根据
40、上下文语境或情景语境恢复的句子成分，是一种避免重复、突出新信息 并使上下文紧密连接的语法手段。英语中存在多种多样的省略现象，句子中既可以省略主语、谓 语、谓语的一部分或宾语，也可以一起省略主语和谓语。省略的意义：可使语言更加简洁，意思更加明确，句子结构更加紧凑。一、简单句的省略.省略主语：祈使句中主语通常省略，其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。(1) (I)Thank you for your help.1 2) (I)See you lomorrow.(3) (It)Doesnt matter.(4)(I) Beg your pardon.2.省略主谓或主谓语的一部分(1) (There i
41、s) No smoking.(2) (Is there) Anything wrong?(3) (Will you) Have a smoke?(4) What (do you think) about a cup of tca?(5) Why (do you) not say hello to him?3.省略作宾语的不定式短语, 只保留to,但如果该宾语是动词be或完成时态，则须在之后加上be或have：(1) -Are you going there?-Yes, rd like to (go there).(2) He didnt give me the chance, though h
42、ehadpromised to (give me the chance).(3) -Are you an engineer?-No, but I want to be (an engineer).(4) -He hasnt finished the task yet.-Well, he ought to have (finished the task).4 .省略表语(1) -Are you thirsty? - Yes, I am (thirsty).(2) His brother isnt lazy, nor is his sister (lazy).5 .同 时 省 略 几 个 成 分
43、(1) Lets meel al the same place as (we mel) yesterday.(2) Have you finished your work?(I have) Not (finished my work) yet.二 主从复合句中的省略及其他情况的省略。1.主句中有一些成分被省略(1) (m)Sorry tohearyou are ill.(2) (Its a) Pity that he missed such a good chance.2.其他情况的省略(1).状语从句的省略情况例句并列句l.She went to the clinic and (she) s
44、aw a doctor.2.Sally will be arriving today and Ann (will be arriving) tomorrow. 3John once smoked like a chimney, but he doesnt (smoke) now.表示比较 的从句l.She looks older than my mother (does).2.The weather isnt as good as (it was) yesterday.对话l.(Im) Sorry I couldnt come.2.(Pass me) The salt, please.A: A
45、re you coming?B: Yes (Im coming).A:What have you been doing? B:(I have been)swimming.告示、标牌.、报纸标题1 .(There will be) Roadworks ahead!2 .(A) Millionaire (was) poisoned (in his home) in Beverly Hills.习惯用语1 .What if (=What will/would happen if) World War III should happen?2 .We need to solve the problem
46、as soon as (it is) possible.3 .Why not (=Why dont you) clean the room after breakfast?当时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语是il且从句中含be 动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词，构成下列结构：连词+形容词/介词短语/现在分 词/过去分词/不定式。Metals expand when heated and contract when cooled.金属加热时就膨胀，冷却时就收缩。(2) .不定式的省略(a).在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，可以省去不定式中和前面句子中相
47、同的动词(短语)，只保 留不定式符号 to。常用在 expect, hope, intend, mean, try, want, wish 等词后。Firstly, people may feel forced when asked to do things that they dont want to.首先，当人们被要求去做他们不想做的事情时他们会感到是被迫的。(b).bul用作介词，意为“除之外”时，前面有实义动词do,后接不定式时，要省略t。；但前面 没有实义动词do时，后接的不定式不省略tooIf he takes on this work, he will have no choice but to meet an even greater challenge.如果他接受了这份工作，除了迎接更大的挑战之外他别无选择。(3) .特殊的省略结构：if省略结构if so如果这样的话if not如果不是这样的话if ever如果曾经有的话if necessary如果有必要的话if possible如果可能的话if any如果有的话巩固提升Most green vegetables,for too long, will lose nutrition.A. if to be cookcdB. i