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1、名校版高考英语语法专题时态与 语态(一)一般时态1 .一般现在时谓语动词形式：do/does用法：表示现在的经常性、习惯性动作或存在的状态；表述客观真 理及存在；表示按时间表拟定或安排好的事情。2 . 一般过去时谓语动词形式：did用法：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示过去经 常或反复发生的动作。一般过去时只强调过去。3 .一般将来时谓语动词形式：will/shall +动词原形；be(am/is/are) going to + 动词原形;be(am/is/are) about to + 动词原形/be(am/is/are) on the point of + 动名词;be(am
2、/is/are) to + 动词原形4.Currently, about 35,000 works(display)in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything.解析：are being displayed根据上文Currently(目前)可知，应 该用现在进行时；display与主语works之间为被动关系,所以用现在 进行时的被动语态。自测中查漏补缺I.单句语法填空.The artist was sure he would be chosen (choose) r but wh
3、en he presented his masterpiece to the emperors chief minister, the old man laughed.1 .People tend to focus on the first factor.However, greater attention should be_placed (place) on longevity (长寿).2 .This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers carries (carry) special significance.3 .The
4、80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed (form) the core collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759.4 .When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的)artist, they smiled and pointed (point) down the river.5 .0n the last
5、day of our weeklong stay, we werejnvited (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals.7.1 love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I have_made (make) over the years.8.1 was_driving
6、(drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.口 .完成句子. If it doesnrainwe 11 go on a picnic as planned.如果不下雨，我们将按计划去野餐。1 . We often went_out_for v walk after supper when we lived in the countryside.我们在乡下住的时候经常晚饭后出去散步。2 . She is_leaving_early tomorrow.(leave)明天她要早动身。3 . Gre
7、at changes in every field have_taken_place in the last ten years.在过去10年里各领域都发生了巨大的变化。4 . When my English teacher told me thatI had_been_chosen_as_a_competitor,_I devoted myself to the preparations.当我的英语老师告诉我我被选为参赛者时，我专心于准备工作。m .语法填空We all know clean water is important for good health. But now we als
8、o know we should watch _1_ we keep our water in. Plastic bottles hardened with a dangerous material _2_ (call) BPA can release a chemical into our water that harms our bodies. Since 2011, many countries _3_ (ban) plastic with BPA from use in food containers and feeding bottles. But are other nonBPA
9、plastics safe?Plastic labeled BPAfree might use other chemicals that have _4_ (harm) effects on health. _5_ (study) have shown that low levels of those chemicals might have the same effects as BPA. So, what should people do? The _6_ (good) material to drink from is glass, _7_ has no chemicals that c
10、an poison water.Another good choice _8_ a water container is a stainless steel (不$秀钢)bottle. Stainless steel bottles are better than aluminum (铝)bottles, which are covered with thin plastic _9_ (protect) the metal from acids (酸).There are many good foodgrade stainless steel water bottles on the mark
11、et.If you do decide to use a reusable plastic water bottle, avoid _10_ (keep) it in the sun. Sunlight and hot liquid speed up the release of chemicals into your drinking water.语篇解读：用BPA硬化而成的塑料瓶在存放水时会释放一种对身体有 害的化学物质，一些标明不含BPA的塑料也可能使用了对健康有害的 其他化学物质。存放水的最佳材料是玻璃，不锈钢也是不错的选择。1 .what考查名词性从句。根据下文中的Plastic b
12、ottles可知， 此处表示我们现在应该留意存放水的地方。分析句子结构可知，空处引 导宾语从句，在从句中作介词in的宾语，表示的事物，故用 what引导该宾语从句。2 . called考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，a dangerous material和动词call之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故用call的过去分词 形式作后置定语。3 . have banned考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据该句中的时 间状语Since 201r可知，该句应用现在完成时，目主语many countries 为复数，故填 have bannedo4 . harmful考查形容词。空处修饰名词effects ,故
13、用harm的形 容词形式harmful ,表示有害的。5 . Studies考查名词复数。根据该句中的have shown可知， 该句主语应为复数，且此处study作研究,调查讲，是可数名词， 故用study的复数开乡式。6 . best考查形容词的最高级。上文介绍了两种对身体有害的塑料 存水容器，结合该句中的The并根据语境可知，此处表示用来喝水 的最好的材料是玻璃。故用形容词的最高级形式。7 . which考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导非限制性 定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词为glass，故用which引导该从句。8 . for/as考查介词。根据本句语境可知，此处表示用途，故
14、用for或者as。9 . to protect考查非谓语动词。句意：不锈钢瓶比铝瓶好，铝瓶 上覆盖着薄薄的塑料以保护金属不被酸腐蚀。空处表示目的，故用动词 不定式。10 .keeping考查非谓语动词。avoid doing sth.为固定用法, 意为避免做某事。用法：表示将来某一时间要发生的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间 内经常发生的动作或存在的状态。4 .过去将来时谓语动词形式：should/would +动词原形;was/were （going/about） to + 动词原形用法：表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。（二）进行时态时态谓语动词形式（以do为 例）用法现在am
15、/is/are doing说话时正在发生的事进行现阶段正在发生的事时与always等连用表示赞扬、厌烦等语气过去was/were doing过去某一阶段正在发生的事进行表示委婉语气时过去某一时间正在发生的事将来will/shall be doing将来某一时刻或某一段时间里正在进行的进行动作时（三）完成时态1.现在完成时谓语动词形式：have/has done用法：到现在为止已发生或完成且对现在有影响；从过去某一 时刻一直延续到现在；用于特定句型中，如This is the first time that.等。2过去完成时谓语动词形式：had done用法：到过去某一时间之前已完成，即过去的过
16、去；从过 去某一时刻一直延续到另一个过去时间；用于特定句型中，如This was the first time that 等。3.将来完成时谓语动词形式：will have done用法：将来完成时表示到将来某一时间，某一动作将会完成。（四）各种时态下的被动语态的构成（以do为例）would/现在时过去时将来时过去将来时一般 式am/is/ are donewas/ were donewill/shall be donewould/ should be done进行 式am/is/are being donewas/were being done完成have/hashadwill/shall
17、have式been donebeen donebeen doneshould have been done集训中明晰考点对于一般时态的考查以其基本用法为主；(2)主将从现：主句是一般将来时，时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从 句一般要用一般现在时；一些特定的时间状语往往能够决定句子用何种时态。如：every+时间段， sometimes, usually, on Sunday 等常和一般现在时连用；ago, the other day, in 2018, last week, just now 等常和一般过去时连用；tomorrow, next week, in +一段 时间等常和一般将来
18、时连用。考点1 一般时态.You cant help wondering how hard it(be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.解析：was本句是一个主从复合句，连接副词how引导宾语从句。从句的主语是it,句中缺少谓语动词，同时结合句中时间状语then可 知，此处应用一般过去时。故填was。1 .We(hire) our b汰es from the rental place at the SouthGate.My bike was old and shaky but did the job. 解析：hire
19、d分析句子结构可知，hire应在句中作谓语。下一句谓语 动词was和did使用了过去时，故空处需用过去时。故填hiredo2 .The study found that between 1985 and 2017z average rural BMI increased by 2.1 in women and men.In cities, however, the gain(be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men.解析：was此处是在讲1985年至2017年间城市中人们的BMI值增 加的情况，是描述过去发生的事情，且上一句使用了一般过去时，空处 所在句也应用一般过去时，
20、故填waso.After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and(sell) most of their furniture.解析：sold句意：1861年林肯当选美国总统后，他们出租了房子, 并卖掉了大部分家具。这里描述的是过去发生的事情，由并列谓语 rented可知此处应用一般过去时。故填sold。3 . “This really excites scientists , Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says ,
21、because it(mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon is constructed/ 解析：means根据直接引语中的excites, have可知，此处表述的是 客观情况，应用一般现在时；主语是it,故谓语动词用第三人称单数形 式。考点2进行时态(1)考查以基本用法为主；(2)常和现在进行时连用的一些特定的时间状语有now, at present, at this moment等;常和过去进行时连用的时间状语有at that moment, this time yesterday, the w
22、hole morning 等;常用的过去进行时句型 有be doing . when结构,意为正在做,这时(突然)l.My mother(put)her groceries into shopping bags when a stranger came up to her.解析:was putting 本题考查be doing .when结构,意为正在 做，这时(突然)。根据时间状语从句中came ,可知此处应用 过去进行时。故填was putting。2.Susan had quit her wellpaid job and(work) as a volunteer in the neigh
23、borhood when I visited her last year.解析：was working句意：去年我去看望苏珊的时候，她已经辞 去了那份高薪的工作，正在社区做志愿者。根据句意可知，此处强调过 去的时间正在进行的动作，因此用过去进行时。3 . For the past four days I(take) part in a disability arts festival as a member of a choir (合唱团)set up specially to perform at this festival.解析：have been taking此处强调一直在参加，用现在完
24、成 进行时。(1)一些特定的时间状语往往能够决定句子用何种时态。如：by the end of last year, before I came here等常和过去完成时连用; during/in/over the last(past) few years(monthsr weeks .), in recent years, so far, up to now等常和现在完成时连用；(2)by引导时间状语从句的时态规律：by +过去时间,句子用过去完成时；by +将来时间，句子用将来完成时；by +现在时间(now),句子用现在完成时。(3)its the first time that 后面从
25、句用现在完成时日 was the first time that后面从句用过去完成时。考点3完成时态l.It doesnt impress like George Washingtons plantation on thePotomac, but Lincolns home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.解析：has proved/has proven根据后面的时间状语从句since it opened to the public
26、可知，此处要用现在完成时。由句子的主语 Lincolns home 可知，助动词应该用 has ,故填 has proved/has proveno2.We(do) quite enough work for the morning; now lets take a break.解析:have done 根据后半句now lets take a break”可知，做 很多工作这件事情是从过去某个时间开始一直到现在，应用现在完成时。3.By about 6000 BC, people(discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise.解析
27、:had discovered 根据时间状语By about 6000 BC(到大约公 元前6000年)可知，空格处的谓语动词需用过去完成时,故填had discoveredo4,The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and(remain) around that level ever since.解析：has remained句意：医学院的数量在20世纪90年代早期达到了 18所,自那以来一直保持在这个数量左右。根据句中的时间状语 ever since(自从以来)可知，需用现在完成时,而句子主语是The num
28、ber of medical schools ,所以谓语用第三人称单数。考点4被动语态l.It (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).解析：was built分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语，与主语it 之间构成被动关系，故用被动语态；再根据originally可知，此处描述 的是过去的情况，故用一般过去时的被动语态。2.The little home(paint) white.lt was sweet and fresh.解析：
29、was painted The little home与动词paint之间是被动关系, 再根据It was sweet and fresh.可知此处要用一般过去时。3.It is calculated by dividing a persons weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 (consider) healthy.解析：is considered分析句子结构可知，此空是句子的谓语；根据 前半句的It is可判断时态为一般现在时，且根据句意19到25之间 的BMI(体重指数)被认为是健康值可知，BMI与consider之间为被 动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态。