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1、河南省南阳市宛城区瓦店二中20222023学年八年级上学期期末 英语试卷（解析版）四、阅读理解（20小题，每小题10分，共40分），阅读下面四篇语言材料，然后按文后要 求做题。11. （10 分）Hurricanes （飓风）are storms.They can cause terrible waves, wind and rain.They happen in the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean most of the timeCategory （类别）Scientists divide （戈U分）them into five categori
2、es according to the wind speed.A Category 5 hurricane can destroy （摧毁）all the buildings.Characteristic （特征）Hurricane Season usually comes on June 1st and ends on November 30th in the Atlantic Ocean, from May 15th to November 3（）th in the Pacific Ocean.DangerIt can cause flood when a hurricane comes
3、with heavy rain.A hunicane has an eye.The eye means the center of a hurricane.After the eye passes, the wind and rain comes again.Safety adviceStay inside during the hurricane, or youll be injured.（1 ） How long does Hurricane Season usually last in the Atlantic Ocean ? A.About 3 months.B.About 4 mon
4、ths.C About 5 monthsD About 6 months（2 ） What can be used to divide hurricanes according to the passage? A.By wind speed.B.By the degree of damage （破坏程度）.C.By the places of hurricanes.D.By the time of hurricanes happening.（3 ） What is called the eye? B.The center of a hurricane.C.The damage of a hur
5、ricane.D.The height of a hurricane.（4 ） When a hurricane comes with heavy rains, D will happen.A.a tsunami （海啸）B.a strong windC.an earthquakeD.a flood（5 ） What should we do when a hurricane happens? CA.Call the police.B.Walk outside.C.Stay inside.D.Run after i（.【分析】材料介绍了飓风的各种知识。【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据原文 Hur
6、ricane Season usually comes on June 1st and ends on November 30th in the Atlantic Ocean, from May 15th to November 30th in the Pacific Ocean.（大西洋的飓风季节通常在6月1日开始，11月30日结束，太平洋的飓风季节从5月 15日到11月30日结束。）可知持续6个月左右。故选D。（2）细节理解题。根据原文 Scientists divide （划分）them into five categories according to the wind speed.（
7、科学家根据风速将它们分为五类）可知根据风速划分。故选A。（3）细节理解题。根据原文 A hurricane has an eye.The eye means the center of a hurricane. （飓风有一个眼。飓风眼是指飓风中心。）可知飓风眼是指飓风中心。故选B。（4）细节理解题。根据原文 It can cause flood when a hurricane comes with heavy rain.（当 飓风带着大雨来临时，它会引起洪水。）可知当飓风带着大雨来临时，它会引起洪水。故 选D。（5）细节理解题。根据原文Stay inside during the hurri
8、cane （在飓风期间呆在室内）可知 飓风来临应该待在室内。故选C。【点评】做这类题，要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出 相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项写出正确答案。12. （10 分）Some ants （蚂蚊）make their homes under a stone .If the weather is warm, you may see many ants under the stone.If the weather is cold, many ants will be in their house under the ground.Most of the a
9、nts are workers.They are very busy.They look fbr food and take care of the young ants .Each family of ants has a queen ant （蚁后）.The queen ant doesnt work .She is important because she lays eggs （产卵）.These eggs will become new ants.There are many kinds of ants in America.One kind of these is very str
10、ong.People are afraid of it and animals are afraid of it, too.These ants move in groups.They eat all the animals on their way.They can kill and eat elephants.When the ants come near, people leave their homes.But people are sometimes glad after the ants pass through, because they will see no other in
11、sects （ 昆虫）or snakes .（1） Where can you find ants in warm days? B A.Under the ground.B.Under （he stone.C.Inside peoples houses.D.On the ground.（2） What does a worker ant do? DA.He lays eggs.B.He looks for food.C.He looks after the young ants.D.Boih B and C.（3） Why is the queen ant more important? AA
12、.Because the queen ant lays eggs and these eggs will become new ants.B.Because the queen ant is stronger than all the other family members.C.Because the queen ant finds food for all the other family members.0.Because the queen ant does more work than the other family members.（4） Which oflhe followin
13、g is TRUE? DA.People are not afraid of any kind of ants.B.Big animals are not afraid of any kind of ants.C.An elephant can kill and eat a kind of very strong ants.D.One kind of ants can move in groups.（5） Which of the following is the best title? AA.AntsB.Lay EggsC.QueenD.Ants in America【分析】文章介绍了关于蚂
14、蚁的各种知识。【解答】（1 ）细节理解题。根据原文 If the weather is warm, you may see many ants under the stone.（如果天气暖和，你可能会在石头下看到许多蚂蚁。）可知在石头下面可以找 到蚂蚊。故选B。（2）细节理解题。根据原文 They look for food and take care of the young ants .（它们寻找 食物并照顾小蚂蚁。）可知它们寻找食物并照顾小蚂蚁。D选项符合题意。故选D.（3）细节理解题。根据原文 The queen ant doesnt work .She is important be
15、cause she lays eggs （产卵）.These eggs will become new ants.（蚁后不工作。她很重要，因为她产卵。 这些蛋会变成新的蚂蚁。）可知因为蚁后下蛋，这些蛋会变成新的蚂蚁。故选A。（4）细节判断题。根据原文These ants move in groups.（这些蚂蚁成群行动。）可知有一 种蚂蚁可以成群移动。故选D。（5）标题判断题。通读全文，可知文章介绍了关于蚂蚁的各种知识，因此A选项适合作 文章标题。故选A。【点评】做这类题，要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出 相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项写出正确答案。13. （10 分
16、）Facebook and other websites can be fun, but it is also important to be safe when using them.Facebook can be a great way to keep up with your friends far away, but it is important to know who your friends are.Your family may has rules about using the Internet, and these rules can help you stay safe
17、online.Privacy is an important problem when you use the Internet.Do not put your information, such as your telephone number, your school or other information on your page .Keep your password （密码）and dont share it with others.This keeps your page safe.Also you should use a long and complex （复杂的）passw
18、ord.Another problem is deciding who your net friend can be.You may feel happy if many people ask you to be their net friends.But dont make friends with them if you dont know who they are.Many times, you may meet the question, To be a friend, or not to be a friend? on your page.If you see something b
19、ad on someones page, dont agree to be his or her friend.(1) What should you do when you use Facebook and other websites? AA.Make sure they are safe.B.Make sure they are useful.C.Make sure they are correct.D.Make sure they are interesting.(2) What does the underlined word privacy mean in Chinese? 2A.
20、信息B.规则C.隐私D.地址(3) Which of the following can help you use the Internet safely ?3A.Sharing your information.B.Telling others your password.C.Using a complex password.D.Making more net friends.(4) Who cant be your net friends according to the passage? BA.Someone you dont know.B.Someone you know well.C
21、.Someone you talk a lot with.D.Someone you have the same hobbies with.(5) Which one is NOT true? 5A.Facebook can help us keep up with friends far away.B.You shouldnt tell others your school on the Internet.C.The last paragraph tells us how to see others pages.D.You can know about someone by his or h
22、er page.【分析】材料介绍了网络安全，Facebook和其他网站可能很有趣，但使用它们时的安全也很重要。【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据原文 Facebook and other websites can be fun, but it is also important to be safe when using them. （Facebook和其他网站可能很有趣，但使用它们时的 安全也很重要。）可知应注意安全。故选A。（2）词义猜测题。根据原文 Privacy is an important problem when you use the internet.Do not put you
23、r information, such as your telephone number, your school or other information on your page.（当你使用互联网时，隐私是一个重要的问题。不要把你的信息，如你的电话号码， 你的学校或其他信息放在你的页面上。）可知划线处是“隐私”。故选C。（3）细节理解题。根据原文 This keeps your page safe.Also you should use a long and complex （复杂的）password .（这保证了页面的安全。此外，你应该使用一个长而复杂的 密码。）可知使用复杂的密码可以保
24、障安全。故选C。（4）细节理解题。根据原文 But dont make friends with them if you dont know who they are. （但是如果你不知道他们是谁，就不要和他们交朋友。）可知要和你很熟悉的人做朋友。故选B。（5）细节判断题。根据原文最后一段关键句Another problem is deciding who your net friend can be.（另一个问题是决定谁是你的网友。）可知这一段告诉我们如何在网上选择 朋友。C选项表述不正确。故选C。【点评】做这类题，要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出 相关语句进行仔细
25、分析，结合选项写出正确答案。14. （10 分）We sometimes call the lion（he king of the jungle （丛林之王）”, because it is stronger and more dangerous than other animals.（ 1） E It is the highest animal in the land food chain（链）.In the sea animals, the shark（鲨鱼）is one of the animals at the top of the food chain.lt can swim fas
26、ter than most other sea animals. （2） BWhat is at the top of the worlds food chain? People are! （3） D We could not run faster than cheetahs （猎豹），but we invented cars and now we can move the fastest .We could not fight better than lions, but we invented guns （枪）.Now we can hunt the best.Peoples invent
27、ions are clever, but they can be dangerous, too.For example, people invented lactones (内酯)，and now they make the air and rivers dirty. (4) C Dirty rivers kill fish.The bears cannot eat the fish and they die.If we kill one part of the food chain, other parts also die.Remember that we are also a part
28、of the food chain, so we are in danger,too! （5） A We should and we could do something for the world!A.Protecting animals is protecting ourselves!B.And it can use its big teeth to eat them.C.This can make terrible changes.D.We are not the biggest or fastest but we are the cleverest.E .It can run fast
29、er than many animals and it can hunt （打猎）the best.【分析】本文介绍了狮子是从林之王，鲨鱼是海里最厉害的动物，人是世界食物链中处 于最高的地位。【解答】细节推理题。（1）根据上文 We sometimes call the lionthe king of the jungle （丛林之王）, because it is stronger and more dangerous than other animals.（我们有时称狮子为丛林之王因为它比 其他动物更强壮，更危险。）可知说的是狮子为“丛林之王”。因为它比其他动物更强壮， 更危险。结合选项，
30、应说它可以比许多动物跑得快，它可以狩猎最好。故选E。（2 ）根据上文 In the sea animals, the shark （鲨鱼）is one of the animals at the top of the food chain.lt can swim faster than most other sea animals.（在海洋动物中，鲨鱼是食物链顶端的 动物之一。它游得比大多数海洋动物都快。）可知说的是鲨鱼是食物链顶端的动物之一。 结合选项，应说它可以用它的大牙齿吃掉它们。故选B，（3）根据上文 What is at （he lop of （he worlds food chai
31、n? People are!（世界食物链的顶端 是什么？是人!）可知说的是世界食物链的顶端是人。结合选项，应说我们不是最大最快 的，但我们是最聪明的。故选D。（4）根据上文 For example, people invented lactones （内酯），and now they make the air and rivers dirty.（例如，人们发明了内酯，现在它们把空气和河流弄脏了。）可知说的是人们 发明了内酯，现在它们把空气和河流弄脏了。结合选项，应说这会造成可怕的变化。故 选C。（5）根据上文 If we kill one part of the food chain, oth
32、er parts also die.Remember that we are also a part of the food chain, so we are in danger, too!（如果我们杀死 了食物链的一部分, 其他部分也会死亡。记住，我们也是食物链的一部分，所以我们也处于危险之中!）可知说的是呼吁人类保护动物。结合选项，应说保护动物就是保护我们自己。故选A。【点评】做题时首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意。其次，细读题材，各 个击破。掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题， 再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。五、完形填空(15分)(15 分)
33、When you go on the Internet, you may meet with something or someone you dont like.Such things or persons may bring you (oo many ( I) B .They usually make you (2) A_ and unhappy.Do you know how to (3) B such Internet problems?Report them.If someone is (4) D the websites rules and sending you some bad
34、 messages, remember to (5) C him or her.When you report them, the webmaster will notice them.He will deal with them at once.Then your problem will (6) D soon.Ignore (忽视)them .These people can be bullies .Bullies want to make you (7 ) _A and upset. If you ignore them, they will stop playing tricks (8
35、) D you.Just be (9) _C and show that youre okay.If you have trouble dealing with bullies, you can (10) B your parents for help.They have (11) B experience than you do, and they can help you deal with them.Think again.Sometimes you get bad messages.Maybe thats (12) C you sent bad messages first.Think
36、 again (13) A your comment (评论)was rude or not.If you (14) A_a fnistake, you can delete (删除)it or say (15) B .Be polite.Im sure you will be forgiven.(1)A.ideasB.problemsC.fricndsD.ways(2)A.worriedB.excitcdC.rclaxcdD.happy(3)A.agrce withB.dcal withC.try outD.try on(4)A.followingB.knowingC.undcrstandi
37、ng.breaking(5)A. forgetB.rememberC.reportD.save(6)A.take awayB.give awayC.put awayD.go away(7)A.angryB.pleasedC.proudD.interested(8) A.forB.withC.ofD.on(9) A.angryB.specialC.bravcD.polite(10) A.makeB.askC.givcD.scnd(11) A.lessB.morcC.fcwcrD. worse(12) A.orB.whyC.becauseD.but(13) A.whetherB.ifC.soD.a
38、nd(14) A.makeB.doC.setD.put(15) A.helloB.sorryC.chanksD.goodbye【分析】这篇文章主要写了针对上网的时候，我们会遇到很多不喜欢的人和事情，所给 出的i些建议，例如：举报他们，忽视他们，多思考几次，等等。【解答】（1）考杳名词。句意：这样的事情或人会给你带来太多的问题。A.ideas主意； B.problems 问题;C.friends 朋友;D.ways 方法。第一段的最后一句 Do you know how to deal with such Internet problems?（你知道怎么解决这样的上网问题吗？）中的关键词 十帅归
39、口田可知，划线处应表达”上网的时候会带给你很多的问题”的意思，故选B。（2）考查形容词。句意：他们通常会让你担心和不开心。A.worried担心的;B.excited 兴奋的：C.relaxcd 放松的：D.happy 快乐的。上下文语境 They usually make you worried and ulnhappy （他们通常会让你担心和不开心）从连词“and”可知，它们会使你“担心，结合 选项符合题意的词是worried,故选A。（3）考查动词短语。句意：你知道如何处理这样的网络问题吗？ A.agree with同意；B.deal with 处理；C.try oul 试图；D.lry
40、 on 试穿。根据题干 Do you know how （o deal with such Internet problems?（你知道该怎样解决这样的网络问题吗？）结合选项deal with为固定 短语，意为解决。故选B。（4）考查动词。句意:如果有人违反了网站的规则。A.following跟随;B.knowing知道； C.undcrstanding 理解：D.breaking 破坏。根据题干 If someone is breaking the websites rules 和sonic bad messages，可知这句话想要表达的意、思为如果有人破坏了网络法则和一些 不好的信息”，可
41、知是一个贬义词，结合选项breaking意为破坏，毁坏”，符合题意，故 选D。（5）考查动词。句意:记得举报他或她。A.forget忘记；B.remember记得；C.report报 告；D.save保存。结合题干第二段的小标题”Report them （举报他们）”中的关键词“report”，再结合选项，可知report符合题意，故选C。（6）考查动词短语。句意：那么你的问题很快就会解决的。A.take away带走；B.give away 释放；C.put away 把 收起；D.go away 离开。结合题干 Then your problem will go away soon （你的
42、问题就会被解决）结合选项，takeaway （带走，拿走），不符题意，故排除A； giveaway （赠送），不符题意,故排除B； putaway （放好，储存），不符题意，故排除C； go away （离开，走来），符合题意，故选D,（7）考查形容词。句意：恶霸想让你生气和心烦。A.angry生气的；B.pleased愉悦的； C.proud 自豪的；D.interested 有兴趣的。根据题干 Bullies want to make you angry and upset（那些坏蛋想让你生气和沮丧）中，and为并列连词，后面用了 upset （沮丧）可知and 前也是一个贬义词，结合选项
43、只有A项angry （生气）符合题意，故选A。（8）考查介词。句意：如果你不理他们，他们就不会再捉弄你了。A.for为了： B.with 和；C.of,的；D.on 在上。根据题干 they will stop playing tricks on you （他们会停止捉弄你）可知，playing tricks on sb是固定短语，意为捉弄某人，本题所缺的介词是 on,故选D。（9）考杳形容词。句意：勇敢一点，表现出你没事。A.angry牛.气的；B.special特别的； C.brave 勇敢的;D.polite 礼貌的。结合题干 Just be brave and show that yo
44、ure okay.（勇敢 一点，并且表现出你很好）从and连词可知，前后并列，是个褒义词，结合选项，只有C 项brave （勇敢的），符合题意，故选C。（10）考查动词。句意：如果你在对付恶箱时有困难，你可以向父母寻求帮助。A.make 做；B.ask 问；C.give 给；D.send 发送。结合题干 you can ask your parents for help （你可 以向你的父母寻求帮助）可知ask for help为固定短语，意为”向某人寻求帮助”，符合题 意，故选B。（II）考查形容词。句意：他们比你更有经验，他们可以帮助你处理这些问题。A.less 更少的：B.niore更多
45、的：C.fewer更少的；D.worse更差的。根据题干They have more experience than you do（他们会比你更有经验）可知要表达的意思为更多，从关键词than” 可知，空行处是一个比较级，结合选项只有B项more （更多），符合题意,故选B。（12）考查连词。句意：也许是因为你先传递了不好的信息。A.or或；B.why为什么； C.because 因为；D.but 但。结合题干 Sometimes you get bad messages.Maybe thats because you sent bad messages.（有时你会收到一些不好的信息，那可能是
46、因为你先发了不好的 信息。）可知这缺一个连接词because （因为），结合选项，故选C。(13)考查连词。句意：再想想你的评论是否粗鲁。A.whether是否；B.if如果；C.so所以：D.and 和。根据题 F Think again whether your comment was rude or not (再想一次，你的评论是否粗鲁)中的“。r”可知，划线词应意为“是否，结合选项whetheror是固定 搭配，结合选项，故选A。(14)考查动词。句意：如果你犯了错误，你可以删除它或说对不起。A.make做；B.do 做；C.sel 设置;D.put 放。结合题干 If you mak
47、e a mistake, you can delete it (如果你犯了 一个错误，你可以删除它)可知，划线词应表达“犯错”这一含义，makea mislake为固定 短语，意为犯错，符合题意，故选A。(15)考查名词。句意：如果你犯了错误，你可以删除它或说对不起。A.hello你好；B.sorry 抱歉;C.thanks 谢谢：D.goodbye 再见。结合题干 you can delete it or say sorry (你可以删 除它或说抱歉。)可知划线处意思为“说抱歉”，结合选项say sorry,为固定短语，意为” 说抱歉”，符合题意，故选B。【点评】完形填空的解题技巧之一就是要
48、根据上下文来学会“推理”出最佳选项。同学们 要道循“上下求索”的原则来查找信息。六、阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每 空限填一词，每词限用一次。每题1分。15. (10 分)that； buy； part； surprise； without； visitor； shop； common； seem； largeMobile payment is more and more popular in China.Most of us use our mobile phones while buying almost everything.But for foreign visitors it may ( 1 ) seem strange.For example Tim Smith, Minister of Singapore, first