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1、L/O/G/O2021届全国高考英语冲刺复习届全国高考英语冲刺复习非谓语动词之分词非谓语动词之分词 Nonfinite Verbs-participleForms of nonfinite Verbs(非谓语的基本形式非谓语的基本形式)非谓语动词非谓语动词不定式不定式 to do动名名词 doing分分词现在分在分词 doing过去分去分词 done1.147 people were reported _(kill)in the explosion(爆炸)in Tian Jin harbor.2._(catch)the early bus,youll have to get up early
2、and rush in a taxi.3.George returned after the war,_(tell)that his wife had left him.4.People are talking about the new play _(put)on in two weeks.5.John regretted _(not go)to the meeting last week.It is no use _(regret)now.6.We suggested _(sleep)in hotels but children were anxious _(camp).7.When my
3、 entered my room,I pretend _(read)books.非谓语动词第二话分词现在分在分词 过去分去分词形式上：形式上：1.现在分在分词 2.过去分去分词 done 主动形式主动形式被动形式被动形式一般式一般式一般式一般式doing完成式完成式完成式完成式beingdonehavingdonehavingbeendone现在分在分词 过去分去分词意意义上：上：1.语态上上*People operating the factories are deeply concerned about the environment.*Daniel had his arm crossed
4、.2.时态上上*As she walked along the narrow street,she heard the sound of footsteps approaching.*We had great fun during the sports meeting held last week.主主动被被动进行行完成完成语态上：上：现在分在分词表示主表示主动；过去分去分词表示被表示被动时态上：上：现在分在分词表示表示进行；行；过去分去分词表示完成表示完成The girl sitting behind me is Lily.（一）（一）.分分词作定作定语1.后置定后置定语=The girl
5、who sits behind me is Lily.=The woman who stands on the platform is our.The woman standing on the platform is our English teacher.The man named Mei Chang su turned Jinling upside down.=The man who was named Mei Chang su turnedThe increasing cars _(give off)poisonous gas cause the air pollution.The b
6、ooks _(write)by Tong hua have been put on the screen.The river _(flow)through most nations lies in Europe.car和和give off 主主动关系关系books和和write 被被动关系关系river和和flow 主主动关系关系The greedy businessmen _(operate)factories only care about their budget.The farm _(destroy)in a forest fire turns into an amusement pa
7、rk now.businessmen和和operate 主主动关系关系The farm和和destroy 被被动关系关系The bridge _(build)last month needs repairing now.The bridge _(build)now will bring lots of benefit for citizens.注：being donebeing done是是是是现现在分在分在分在分词词的被的被的被的被动动式；做定式；做定式；做定式；做定语语表示表示表示表示正在正在正在正在发发生的事生的事生的事生的事The bridge _(build)next years w
8、ill be the longest bridge in the world.注注注注：to be built是不定式的被是不定式的被动式；作定式；作定语表示表示将来将来.Sorry,theperson_isinGrade2now.Pleasedialagaintwoyearslater.(call)对不起，您所拨打的用户正在高二，请您两年后再拨。being called （一）（一）.分分词作定作定语2.前置定前置定语 A组：boiling water boiled water developing country developed country falling leaves falle
9、n leaves rising sun risen sun 现在在分分词表示表示正在正在进行行的的动作作;过去去分分词表示表示已已经完成完成的的动作。作。Interesting /interested convincing /convinceddelighting /delighteddisappointing /disappointedencouraging /encouragedpleasing /pleasedpuzzling /puzzledsatisfying /satisfiedsurprising /surprisedembarrassing /embarrassedfright
10、ening /frightenedB组.表示情感心理的分表示情感心理的分词作定作定语B组.表示情感心理的分表示情感心理的分词作定作定语exciting,excited He told us the _ news.The _ pupils jumped with joy.From his_ look,we can tell that he got the prize.The boy answered in an _ voice.excitedexcitingexcitedexcited-ing-ing形式形式的形容词通常修饰事物的形容词通常修饰事物,；意为；意为“令人令人的的”-ed-ed形式形
11、式的形容词通常修饰人；意为的形容词通常修饰人；意为“感到感到的的”。His _ look suggested he was _ at the _ news.A.surprised,surprising,surprised B.surprised,surprised,surprising C.surprising,surprised,surprising D.surprising,surprising,surprised 小结：小结：-ing-ing形式作定语：形式作定语：.分词分词作前置定语作前置定语，放在所修饰的名词，放在所修饰的名词前面前面；相当于；相当于形形容词，可加容词，可加副词副词修
12、饰修饰;.分词做后置分词做后置定语可以定语可以转变成定语从句转变成定语从句.根据该动词于所根据该动词于所修饰词之间的关系判断用现在分词还是过去分词。主动修饰词之间的关系判断用现在分词还是过去分词。主动用现在分词；被动用过去分词用现在分词；被动用过去分词（二）（二）.分分词作状作状语The man entered his house,_(follow)the dog.The man entered his house,_(follow)by his dog._(see)from the sky,I found the nation looks like a rabbit._(see)from t
13、he sky,the nation looks like a rabbit.分分词做状做状语就看它与主句主就看它与主句主语之之间的关系；的关系；主主动用用doing；被被动用用done。following followed Seeing Seen（二）（二）.分分词作状作状语分词作状语时，注意如下四点：4.分词的逻辑主语就是全句的主语2.现在分词作状语时有不同的时态与语态3.相当于相应的从句1.分词做状语就看它与主句主语之间的关系；主动用doing；被动用done。2.2.现在分词现在分词的时态和语态变化：的时态和语态变化：1)分分词的一般式：的一般式：在路上走的在路上走的时候，他候，他发现了
14、一支了一支钢笔。笔。_(walk)along the street,he found a pen.(同同时发生生)学生学生们跟着老跟着老师，进入入教室教室。Following the teacher,the students went into the classroom.2)现在分在分词的完成式：的完成式：现在分词的完成式：表示动作在谓语动词现在分词的完成式：表示动作在谓语动词前前已经发生。已经发生。看看过这部部电影影，我，我能告能告诉你你这个故事。个故事。_ the film before,I can tell you the story.（see）1._LittleRedHat,thew
15、olfwenttobedandslept.(swallow)Having swallowed3)现在分在分词的一般式的被的一般式的被动语态：那个正在被那个正在被讨论的的问题是非常重要的。是非常重要的。The question being discussed now is very important.现在分词的一般式的被动语态：表示一个现在分词的一般式的被动语态：表示一个被动的动作正在进行。被动的动作正在进行。正在被正在被问话的那个小男孩是我的的那个小男孩是我的邻居。居。The boy being questioned now is my neighbor.4)现在分在分词的完成式的被的完成式
16、的被动语态：在参在参观了博物了博物馆之后，我之后，我们回到了回到了宾馆。After we had been shown around the museum,we went back to the hotel.Having been shown around the museum,we went back to the hotel.现在分词的完成式的被动语态现在分词的完成式的被动语态:表示一个被动表示一个被动的动作在谓语动词前已经完成。的动作在谓语动词前已经完成。形式形式 意意义 1.doing 2.having done3.being done4.having been done5.done主
17、主动/进行行/同同时发生生 主主动/完成完成/先于主句先于主句谓语动作作 被被动/正在正在进行行被被动/完成完成/先于主句先于主句谓语动词发生生 被被动关系，关系，时间性不确定性不确定.（与（与现在分在分词比比较，一般指完成，一般指完成，过去）去）完成下列句子完成下列句子1._(没有完成作没有完成作业),Tom was forbidden to watch TV.2._(正在刷油漆正在刷油漆),the house was not allowed to enter.3._(被邀被邀请参加舞会参加舞会),Mary felt excited.Not having finished his homew
18、ork,Being painted Having been invited to the party,（二）（二）.分分词作状作状语Asking around,I found people willing to pay higher tax.=when I asked around,I found people willing Asked why he was against economic development,the consultant explained that it might lead to disasters.=When the consultant was asked w
19、hy he was against economic development,he 1).时间状状语（二）（二）.分分词作状作状语Given another chance,I will say“I love you”to the girl.=If I am given another chance,I will Getting him,you can gain the world.2).条件状条件状语=if you get him,you can gain the world.（二）（二）.分分词作状作状语We are making big holes in the nets,hoping t
20、o avoid catching fish that are not fully grown.=We are making big,because we hoped to avoid Being ill,he didnt go to school today.3).原因状原因状语=Because he was ill,he didnt go to.She sat in a sofa,watching TV.He stood there,crying.=She sat in a sofa and watched TV.=He stood there and cried.（二）（二）.分分词作状作
21、状语4).伴随状伴随状语（二）（二）.分分词作状作状语5).让步状步状语Working hard,he still cannot even afford to buy a new car.=Although he works hard,he cannot.（二）（二）.分分词作状作状语6).结果状果状语Other types of waste flow into our water,killing river and sea life.=Other types of waste flow into our water.As a result it kills river and sea lif
22、e.不定式不定式 和和 现在分在分词做做结果状果状语的区的区别1)I hurried to the railway station,_(tell)the tickets were sold out.2)The girl studies hard,_(make)great progress in the final exam to be toldTo do 做做结果状果状语表示出乎意料之外的表示出乎意料之外的结果。果。making现在分在分词做做结果状果状语表示表示结果符合果符合逻辑性、自然性、自然结果。果。在在时间状状语从句，条件状从句，条件状语从句，从句，让步步状状语从句从句,比比较状状语从
23、句中，当主句主从句中，当主句主语与从句主与从句主语一致一致时，可省略从句主，可省略从句主语和和be 动词1.在 when/while/as soon as/once 引导的时间状语从句中.When _(ask)about the math learning,he can say nothing but cry.While _(across)the street,you must be careful.As soon as/once _(start),you mustnt give up easily.“一一就就”句型句型2.在 if/unless 引导的条件状语从句中.The flower h
24、is friend gave him will die unless _(water).Ill not do my homework unless _(force).If _(breathe)in,the virus（病毒）（病毒）can result in disease even death.3.在 although/though/even if 引导的让步状语从句中.Though _(work)hard,he cannot even afford a house.Even if _(invite),I wont attend my ex-girlfriends wedding.注意：注意
25、：非非谓语动词在状在状语从句中从句中，其，其逻辑主主语同主同主句的主句的主语一致，如：一致，如：（）Being a fine day,we went out for an outing.（）It was a fine day,so we went out for an outing.()when hearing the news,tears came to my eyes.（）Hearing the news,I burst into tears.（）When I heard the news,tears came to my eyes.独立主格独立主格结构构Work done,we went
26、 home.Winter coming,it is getting cold.独立主格独立主格结构构作用：在句中充当状作用：在句中充当状语；特点：特点：1.独立主格独立主格结构主构主语不同于主句主不同于主句主语；它独立存在。；它独立存在。Work/winter 是上句中是上句中独立主格独立主格结构的主构的主语。2.独立主格独立主格结构的主构的主语和后面的非和后面的非谓语动词是主是主动关系或关系或动宾关系。关系。3.独立主格独立主格结构，一般有逗号和主构，一般有逗号和主句隔开。句隔开。Work done,we went home.Winter coming,it is getting cold.
27、Weather _(permit),I will have a picnic tomorrow.Her glasses_(break),she couldnt see the words on the blackboard.There _(be)no further business,I declare the meeting closed.It _(be)Christmas,the government offices were closed.The problems _(solve),the quality has been improved.1.Generally/strictly sp
28、eaking,we have learnt a lot in this school.（一般（一般/严格地格地说）2.Judging from/by his appearance,he is somebody.(依据依据/从从判断判断)3.Considering his age,he did his best in the competition.（考（考虑到到）4.To tell(you)the truth,to be honest,(老老实说)5.Faced with,sb Facing.,sb1.One Saturday afternoon.Mr.lin went to the mark
29、et,_ some fruit and visited her cousin.A.buyB.buyingC.boughtD.having bought2.One Saturday afternoon.Mr.lin went to the market,_ some fruit and visiting her cousin.CB再回首再回首看一看非看一看非谓语动词的奥秘的奥秘非非非非谓语动词谓语动词的主的主的主的主动动与被与被与被与被动动形式形式形式形式主动形式被动形式不定式ing形式过去分词一般式完成式进行式完成进行式一般式完成式 to do to have done to be doing
30、 to have been doing to be done to have been done doing having done being done having been done done不定式 1.Having not seen the film,I cant tell you what I think of it.2.The men worked for extra hours got an extra pay.3.Seen from the top of the hill,we find the city more beautiful.4.Generally speak,fac
31、ial expressions are helpful communications,too.Not havingworkingSeeingspeaking单句改错单句改错5.“Cant you read?”the man said,angrily pointed to the notice on the wall.6.Knocking at the door before entering,please.7.John opened the window,let the sunshine in.8.Follwing my advice,and you will not regret.pointingKnocklettingFollow