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1、 DefinitionsRenal insufficiency:describes a medical condition in which the kidneys fail to adequately filter toxins and waste products from theblood.肾脏不能有效的清除体内的垃圾。肾脏不能有效的清除体内的垃圾。第1页/共16页 Stages of ARIStage I:代偿compensation(no signals)Stage II:不全insufficiency(be ignored)Stage III:氮质血症azotemia (be ag
2、gressive)Stage IV:尿毒症uremia (be fatal)第2页/共16页 Acute renal insufficiency(ARI)Acute kidney injury(AKI)Acute renal failure(ARF)Acute tubular necrosis(ATN)第3页/共16页Acute kidney injury(AKI)It is a rapid loss of kidney function.Its causes are numerous and include low blood volume from any cause(水源(水源肾前)肾前
3、),exposure to substances harmful to the kidney(水泵(水泵 肾性)肾性),and obstruction of the urinary tract(水管(水管肾后)肾后).第4页/共16页 AKI is diagnosed on the basis of characteristic laboratory findings,such as elevated blood urea nitrogen(尿素氮)(尿素氮)and creatinine(肌酐)(肌酐),or inability of the kidneys to produce suffic
4、ient amounts of urine(少尿)(少尿).AKI may lead to a number of complications,including metabolic acidosis(代酸)(代酸),high potassium(髙钾)(髙钾)levels,uremia(尿毒症)(尿毒症),changes in body fluid balance(体液平衡)(体液平衡),and effects to other organ systems(多器官衰竭)(多器官衰竭).第5页/共16页Signs and symptoms loss of appetite 纳差纳差,nause
5、a and vomiting fatigue 乏力,乏力,headache 头痛头痛 hypertension 高血压(顽固性)高血压(顽固性)anaemia 贫血贫血 dehydration or edema 脱水、水肿脱水、水肿 urine volume normal 1-3ml/Kg/h oliguria 少尿少尿 1ml/Kg/h anuria 无尿无尿 5.5 Calcium Gluconate葡萄糖酸钙葡萄糖酸钙 抗钾抗钾 Glucose and insulin 葡萄糖和胰岛素葡萄糖和胰岛素 转钾转钾 Furosemide 呋塞米 排钾排钾 6.5(fatal)Hemopurifi
6、cation 血液净化血液净化 第11页/共16页Treatment Energy,calory and vitamin Anti-infection Hemopurification:1、Hemodialysis HD 2、Continuous renal replace treatment CRRT Hemofiltration 3、Peritoneal dialysis PD 第12页/共16页Keep in Mind患儿基础差、年龄小手术创伤大、时间长、出血多 我们应该:1、看:重点、多次 2、记:记录24h出入量 3、补:量出为入、微泵输液 4、测:心电、脉氧 血压 血、尿常规 肝肾功能 水电酸碱平衡 第13页/共16页Potential consequence小年龄、反流性肾病、手术创伤、麻醉、炎症急性肾功能损伤 哭闹、烦躁、纳差水肿、少尿(补液)高钾血症、低钠血症 干 预第14页/共16页第15页/共16页感谢您的观看。第16页/共16页