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1、课后阅读训练十五Unit 4 Period 30.阅读理解AWe live in a culture that sends out very mixed messages about mistakes: Were told we learn by making them, but we work hard to avoid them. So the result is that most of us know that we are going to make mistakes, but deep down, we feel we shouldnt.Experiments with schoo
2、lchildren who did well in a given test show that those who were praised for being smart and then offered a more challenging or less challenging task afterward usually chose the easier one. On the other hand, children praised for trying hardrather than being smartfar more often selected the more diff
3、icult task.If we try hard to avoid mistakes, we arent open to getting the information we need in order to do better. In a writing study, experiments showed that those who were so scared to make mistakes performed worse in writing tasks than those who werent as worried about being perfect. They fear
4、receiving any kind of negative feedback, so they dont learn where they went wrong and how to get better.We don/t just learn more when were open to mistakes, we learn deeper. Research tells us that if were only concerned about getting the right answer, we dont always learn the underlying concepts tha
5、t help us truly understand whatever were trying to figure out. Mistakes need to be seen not as a failure to learn, but as a guide to what still needs to be learned. As Thomas Edison said, “I am not discouraged, because every abandoned wrong attempt is another step forward.”Furthermore, we often make
6、 mistakes because we try new thingswe wander away from accepted paths. Teflon, penicillinthese are examples of great discoveries made by mistake. Take a page from Albert Einstein, who said, “Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything new.【语篇概述】本文讲述了错误对我们成长的积极作用，并列举了相 关的实验和例子，并建议我们应
7、该用积极的态度对待错误。1. What will happen to students praised for being smart in face of choosing tasks compared to students praised for working hard?A. They will ask their teachers for advice.B. They will hide their mistakes from their teachers.C. They will work harder to avoid mistakes.D. They will choose a
8、 less challenging task.【解析】选Do细节理解题。从文中第二段第一句可知对在测试 中取得较好成绩的学生做实验，给他们一个较难的任务和一个较简 单的任务，被表扬聪明的同学更倾向于选择简单的任务。2. Which of the following statements is NOT acceptable according to the passage?A. The more mistakes we make, the more we learn.B. Mistakes can be used as a positive factor for success.C. Being
9、 open to mistakes helps you understand the truth.D. A step forward may come from mistakes youve made.【解析】选A。推理判断题。A选项过于绝对，文中说错误可以帮 我们找到自身的不足，然后加以提高，这样才会学到东西，而不是犯 越多的错，学得越多。3. What does the last paragraph want to tell us?A. One must follow a correct path to avoid mistakes.B. To become an Einstein, yo
10、u should make mistakes.C. Making mistakes is not a disadvantage in a way.D. You cant make mistakes unless you try new things.【解析】选Co主旨大意题。从最后一段可知，我们犯错误是因为 我们努力尝试新的东西，所以从某种意义上说，犯错误是有积极作用 的。4. Whats the main idea of the passage?A. We can never avoid making mistakes when we work.B. Success cant be achi
11、eved without making mistakes.C. Try every means to avoid mistakes in our daily life.D. Mistakes should be treated with a correct attitude.【解析】选D。主旨大意题。从文章大意可知，本文讲述了错误对 于我们成长的积极作用，以及我们应该用积极的态度对待错误。BTo prevent the deserts coming near, China has planted billions of treesto replace destroyed forests and
12、 as barriers against the sand. This isnt a cure, though, say experts, as thirsty trees can make the problem worse by taking in groundwater.Planting trees is one way, but it isnt that simple. It doesnt solve the basic issue of water resources, says Wu Bo, a professor. Z/We need to calculate how much
13、water the trees will absorb, or else it could have a negative effect.Villagers in Zhengxin have taken on this challenge, with limited success. When the irrigation channels began to run dry, Lu Xianglin switched from wheat to cotton on his land. He also planted trees to protect his fields from sandst
14、orms. He says he still gets good yields（产量）using flood irrigation and earns a good income for his family.Other farmers havent stuck it out（坚持至ij底）：about one in three have left Zhengxin in the past 10 years after their wheat crops died. Young people who can find jobs in the towns rarely return.Last w
15、eek, Mr Lu joined the other men in his village on a government-arranged trip to see the land that has been set aside for their relocation, nearly 40 miles to the south. The next day, he was back, shaking his head at the plan. The idea of uprooting his family troubles him, as does the idea of giving
16、up the land that fed his forefathers. He prefers to stay and keep up the fight.“With enough water, this problem can be solved, Lu says. We can plant trees and grass, and they will grow bigger. That will stop the desert.Experts say that farmers could switch to drip irrigation（滴灌）to lessen their water
17、 intake for growing crops. Elsewhere in the region, farmers have built brick greenhouses as part of a plan to grow vegetables using less water. Roadside signs urge farmers to Save Water, Protect the Environment.【语篇概述】本文是议论文。文章讨论了植树并不是阻止沙漠化的 最好办法。专家的建议是采用滴灌技术，节约用水。5. The negative effect of planting t
18、rees in deserts is that.A. it can make groundwater become lessB. it can prevent the sand moving freelyC. it can stop crops growing wellD. it can get the soil to become poor【解析】选Ao细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知在沙漠中 种树会吸收沙漠中的地下水，从而使地下水减少”。再结合第二段最 后一句可知，在沙漠中种树会有负面影响。6. Why didnt Mr Lu accept the idea of relocation?
19、A. Because the plan of relocation will cost him much money.B. Because his family had trouble moving away.C. Because he was reluctant to give up his land.D. Because he would rather stay than fight against the deserts.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第五段最后两句可知选C。他不 愿放弃养育了他的祖先的土地。7. What can we infer from the passage?A.
20、 The deserts drive more and more people to leave their homes for their lives.B. People have no means to fight against the land becoming desert.C. Water is the biggest barrier for people to stop the desert.D. Planting trees cannot solve the problem of desertification of farmland.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段L
21、u的话可知，水是人 们阻止沙漠化的最大障碍。8. What advice is given by experts to save water?A. To plant more trees.B. To build greenhouses.C. To change crops.D. To use drip irrigation.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据最后一段的第一句可知，专家们 建议人们用滴灌技术来节约水。C（全国卷口）After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Pa
22、rk. Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park. By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves.Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by hum
23、an development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around.As early as 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. They hoped
24、 that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems. Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets.The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolves. The U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service carefully m
25、onitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone. Today, the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone. Elk, deer, and coyote populations arc down, while beavers and red fbxcs have made a comeback. The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help b
26、iologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well.【语篇概述】本文是一篇叙事文，介绍了由于灰狼在美国黄石公园 和美洲大陆数量的减少，给当地环境带来的一系列的影响，以及人们 针对此问题所做出的努力。9. What is the text mainly about?A. Wildlife research in the United States.B. Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area.C. The conflict between
27、fanners and gray wolves.D. The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park.【解析】选D。主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章的主要内容是关 于由于灰狼在美国黄石公园和美洲大陆数量的减少，给当地环境带来 的一系列的影响，人们为此想通过种种努力增加灰狼的数量以改善环 境，故答案为D。10. What does the underlined word “displaced“ in Paragraph 2 mean?A. Tested.B. Separated.C. Forced out.D. Tracked down.【解析】选
28、C。猜测词义题。前句说明在黄石公园和美洲大部分地 区曾有许多的灰狼，连词but转折了句子意义，由此可推断出此句意 为人类的发展逐渐地使灰狼“被迫离开”，故选择C项。A项意为“测 试”；B项意为“分离，隔开“；C项意为“强迫离开”；D项意为“跟踪， 追踪”。11. What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about?A. Damage to local ecology.B. A decline in the parks income.C. Preservation of vegetation.D. An increase in the va
29、riety of animals.【解析】选A。推理判断题。由第三段内容可知，狼的消失带来很 多意想不到的后果：鹿和麋鹿数量急剧增长，它们消耗大量的植被， 这使黄石公园地区的植物多样性减少；灰狼消失使数量急剧增长的郊 狼杀死公园地区大量的赤狐，并且驱走这里的海狸。所有这一切都对 当地的生态造成极大的危害，故答案为A。12. What is the authors attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project?A. Doubtful.B. Positive.C. Disapproving.D. Uncaring.【解析】选Bo观点态度题。由末段的尾句
30、The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well. 可知，作者认 为人们做出的努力对帮助生物学家是否决定将灰狼重新引进到美国 其他地区是一个“有价值的、重要的实验(a valuable experiment),故 可推断出作者对此持肯定的、积极的态度。A项意为“怀疑的B项 意为“肯定的，积极的C项意为“反对的,不赞成的”;D项意为“漠 不关
31、心的因语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的 正确形式。My older brother and I are busy 1.(arrange)a trip to Africa. We will leave London on July 15, and well fly to Morocco. It is on the camel2.we are going to travel through theSahara Desert. After the trip by camel, were going to travel down the River Nile. Well
32、start at Lake Victoria. A little way down the river from Lake Victoria, the water 3.(actual)gets quite rough. So, well go white-water rafting, 4. is quite dangerous, but very exciting! After white-water rafting, were going on a trip 5.(see)wild animals in Kenya.Since well be walking for almost two w
33、eeks, Ill need to buy a large, strong, light backpack 6. advance to carry my supplies of food and water. It is so dangerous that our guides will have guns 7.(scare)the animals away if they come too near. I really want to see 8.elephant up close. After that, well move on to Tanzania, 9.were going to
34、climb Mount Kilimanjaro. It is about four weeks 10.the African part of our trip will take. We will surely have a happy time.1 .【解析】arrangingo句型be busy doing sth.“忙于做某事。2 .【解析】that。考查强调句It is. . that.的结构。句意：我们 是将骑着骆驼穿越撒哈拉沙漠。3 .【解析】actuallyo考查副词。此处用副词修饰动词。4 .【解析】which。考查定语从句。此句为非限制性定语从句，只 能用which引导。5
35、.【解析】to see。考查非谓语动词。由句式结构可知，动词不定 式作目的状语，表示旅行的目的。6 .【解析】in。考查介词。in advance固定搭配，意为“提前7 .【解析】to scare。考查非谓语动词。to do不定式表目的。8 .【解析】an。考查冠词。elephant是以元音音素开头的单词，所 以用an09 .【解析】where0考查定语从句。此处先行词为Tanzania,表示 地点，在句中作状语，所以用where。10 .【解析】that。考查强调句It is.that.的结构。句意：我们 大约有四周的时间要花费在非洲的旅行上。阅读理解Sure, its good to ge
36、t along with your teacher because it makes the time you spend in the classroom more pleasant.And yes, its good to get along with your teacher because, in general, its smart to learn how to understand the different types of people youll meet throughout your life.“But really, theres one super-importan
37、t reason why you should get along with your teacher. When you do, learning bursts riht open, “says Evelyn Vuko, a longtime teacher who writes an education column calledTeacher Says“for the Washington Post newspaper.In fact, kids who get along with their teachers not only learn more, but theyre more
38、comfortable asking questions and getting extra help. This makes it easier to understand new material and do your best on tests. When you have this kind of relationship with a teacher, he or she can be someone to turn to with problems, such as problems with learning or school life, such as bullying（欺
39、负）.As a kid in a primary or middle school, youre at a wonderful stage in your life. Youre like a sponge（海绵），able to absorb lots of new and exciting information. On top of that, you/re able to think about all this information in new ways. Your teacher knows that, and in most cases, is very excited to
40、 be the person whos giving you all that material and helping you make it. Remember, teachers are people, too, and they feel great if youre open to what theyre teaching you. Thats why they wanted to be teachers in the first place-to teach!Some kids may be able to learn in any situation, whether they
41、like the teacher or not. But most kids are sensitive to the way they get along with the teacher, and if things aren/t going well, they wont learn as well and wont enjoy being in class.【语篇概述】本文是说明文。文章主要说明了学生与老师处好关系 的重要性。1. In the passage, the author mainly talks about.A. how to get along well with ot
42、hersB. the importance of a good relation with teachersC. how much the students are expected of to get along with teachersD. how to make the time in the classroom more pleasant【解析】选B。主旨大意题。根据第一、二段及三、四段的首句可 知，本文主要讲的是与老师处好关系的重要性。2. “Learning bursts right openin the third paragraph really mea ns.A. lear
43、ning becomes easier for you at onceB. you find an opening to learningC. therell be more problems with learningD. therell be no problems at all with learning【解析】选A。句意猜测题。根据上文要与老师处好关系可知当 你这样做时，你会发现学习马上就变得容易起来。3. According to the passage, which of the following statements isTRUE?A. If you get on well w
44、ith your teachers, you must have a good result in exams.B. The more questions you ask, the higher marks you will get.C. If you have a good relationship with your teacher, you can turn to him when in trouble.D. Many kids can do well without a good relationship with teachers.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第四段第一句和最后一句
45、可知，如 果你和老师处好关系，当你遇到困难时，你可以向老师求助。故C项 正确。4. Which of the comments is FALSE on teachers and their work according to the passage?A. Teachers are excited even if you wouldnt like to accept their teaching.B. Teachers sometimes have the same feelings as students do.C. Though few, there are still some students who can learn even if they dont like the teacher.D. Having a bad relationship with your teachers does more or less harm to your studies.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后两段可知，老师是想与学生 处好关系的，老师的最重要的目的就是教育学生学习好。所以，如果 学生不喜欢老师的教学，学生也就可能学得不够好，老师也不开心。 故选Ao