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1、In this unit you will:1.learn about sex differences in the brain,genetics and the ability to endure pain;2.familiarize yourself with the words and expressions related to the theme of the unit;3.learn to use these words and expressions;4.learn to identify news story structure for a better understandi
2、ng of news;5.practice listening with other non-theme-related audio and video materials;6.learn to use the proper expressions and sentence structures to make direct and indirect requests.Learning objectives第1页/共106页Part I Theme-Related ActivitiesPart I Theme-Related ActivitiesPart II Part II Listenin
3、g StrategiesListening StrategiesPart III Extensive ListeningPart III Extensive ListeningPart IV Communication SkillsPart IV Communication SkillsPart V Assessment LogPart V Assessment Log第2页/共106页Part I Theme-Related ActivitiesPart I Theme-Related Activities Section I Science Report Section II Scienc
4、e Report Section III Interview第3页/共106页1.What do you think women usually do better?And what do men do better?2.Do you still believe women and men are different in modern times when women fly combat aircraft and run multinational corporations?Lead-in questions:Unit 3 Part I Section I Lead-in question
5、s第4页/共106页Word Bankbreakthrough/brekru/n.重要的新发现，突破性进展重要的新发现，突破性进展comedian/kmi:din/n.喜剧演员喜剧演员comedy/kmdi/n.喜剧喜剧lay out制定，拟订（想法、建议）制定，拟订（想法、建议）prey/pre/n.猎物猎物scrutinize/skrutnaz/vt.仔细检查仔细检查,详审详审drawback/drbk/n.缺点缺点zillion/zljn/n.美口美口庞大的数字庞大的数字get ahead of胜过胜过,超过超过incredible/nkredbl/adj.不可思议的不可思议的Unit
6、3 Part I Section I Word Bank第5页/共106页hemisphere/hemsf(r)/n.半球半球stumble/stmbl/vi.偶然遇到偶然遇到gender/dend(r)/n.性别状态性别状态dyslexia/dsleksi/n.读写困难症读写困难症magnetic resonance imaging磁振造影磁振造影sensation/sensen/n.轰动轰动raging/red/adj.激烈的激烈的on the verge of接近于接近于,濒临于濒临于bundle/bndl/n.一捆，一包一捆，一包fiber/fab/n.纤维纤维Unit 3 Part
7、I Section I Word Bank第6页/共106页Task 1 Watch the video clip and then decide whether the following statements are true or false.TaskUnit 3 Part I Section I Task 11.Rob Becker is a scientist from Yale University who is researching differences between the sexes.2.Rob Becker believes that men and women ar
8、e different because of their innate physical differences.(He is a comedian.)F_(They are different because of the jobs they specialized in long ago.)F_第7页/共106页Unit 3 Part I Section I Task 13.The Shaywitzs had intended to search for the causes of a reading disorder.4.Magnetic resonance imaging sugges
9、ts that men use both sides of their brain and women use one side while talking.5.The new finding represents a great breakthrough in the research on sex differences.(Men use one side of their brain while women use both sides.)F_T_(Scientists are close to a breakthrough.)F_第8页/共106页Task 2 Watch the vi
10、deo clip a second time and then complete the following sentences.TaskUnit 3 Part I Section I Task 21.Rob Becker be a comedian,not a scientist.2.In his one-man show,the longest running comedy on Broadway,he .3.Of course,Ive known this all my life,so have you.In fact,I think it to the cave man.happens
11、 tolays out his hypothesisgoes back all the way_第9页/共106页Unit 3 Part I Section I Task 24.Last year at Yale University doctors Sally and Bennett Shaywitz something they werent even looking for.5.The Shaywitzs findings created .For the first time,the world had visual proof that mens and womens brains
12、.6.The debate about sex differences in the brain has been for centuries.And now,scientists are finally a breakthrough.an international sensationragingon the verge of_work differently_stumbled onto_第10页/共106页Task 3 Watch the video clip again and then have a group discussion based on the following que
13、stions.After the discussion,each group will give a brief report to the class.TaskUnit 3 Part I Section I Task 3【Script】1.How are men and women different?What influences have these differences had on our personal life and society?2.Do you agree with Rob Beckers theory about why men and women are diff
14、erent?Elaborate on your view.3.Why is sex difference worth zillions of dollars in research?If you were responsible for the research,how would you justify spending so much on it?4.How could the findings of the research affect gender discrimination?第11页/共106页ScriptUnit 3 Part I Section I Script第12页/共1
15、06页Word Bankinferior/nfri(r)/adj.差的，下等的差的，下等的physiologically/fzildkli/adv.在生理方面在生理方面detrimental/detrmentl/adj.有害的有害的dramatically/drmtkli/adv.引人注目地引人注目地a bunch of一群一群,一伙一伙genetics/dnetks/n.遗传学遗传学diverge/davd/vi.分歧分歧come ones way自然发生在某人身上自然发生在某人身上perception/psepn/n.觉察觉察(力力)Unit 3 Part I Section II Wor
16、d Bank第13页/共106页verbal/vbl/adj.言语的言语的mature/mt(r)/vi.成熟成熟,长成长成shakedown/ekdan/n.（尤指车或船等新产品的）测试（尤指车或船等新产品的）测试PET-scan(Positron Emission Tomography Scan的缩写的缩写)，正电子放射断层扫，正电子放射断层扫描，用于检验胴体尤其是脑部新陈描，用于检验胴体尤其是脑部新陈代谢的断层扫描代谢的断层扫描cautious/ks/adj.小心的小心的,谨慎的谨慎的intriguing/ntri/adj.令人感兴趣的令人感兴趣的appetizer/ptaz(r)/n.
17、开胃品开胃品in the meantime在在期间期间,同时同时Unit 3 Part I Section II Word Bank第14页/共106页Task 1 Watch the video clip and then complete the following comprehension exercise.TaskUnit 3 Part I Section II Task 11.Many scientists used to believe womens brains_.A.were healthier than mens B.performed equally with mens
18、C.were inferior to mens D.could be better developed by higher education2.Different playing styles between boys and girls show that_.A.boys brains are superior to girls B.scientific attitudes have changed dramatically C.behavioral differences emerge at a very young age D.brain differences between men
19、 and women are inborn第15页/共106页Unit 3 Part I Section II Task 13.According to Anne Fausto-Sterling,males and females differ in aptitude tests because of _.A.family genetics B.social and environmental influences C.their preferences for different playing styles D.different diets they had at a very youn
20、g age4.Sally Shaywitz is excited because _.A.incorporating other studies will help track the growth of children B.her team has made a big breakthrough in gender differences C.they have found new technologies to solve the puzzle D.there will be a reevaluation of the new technology第16页/共106页Unit 3 Par
21、t I Section II Task 15.Rob Becker thinks research on the differences between the sexes is important because these differences can help us _.A.treat brain disorders B.smooth social interaction C.conduct other exciting research on our brains D.learn the origins of hunting and gathering第17页/共106页Task 2
22、 Watch the video clip a second time and then give a short answer to each of the following questions.TaskUnit 3 Part I Section II Task 21.What do todays researchers think about the workings of male and female brains?2.In aptitude tests,what subjects do males excel in?3.What do scientists from Yale in
23、tend to do by monitoring changes from childhood to adulthood?4.What does the new finding mean to the Shaywitzs?Despite gender differences,both perform equally well.In spatial perception and math skills.Track changes in biological,emotional and linguistic development.They have tools and motivation fo
24、r further research._第18页/共106页Task 3 Watch the video clip again and make a two-minute-comment on the topic of the video clip.Prepare to answer one or two questions raised by the class or your teacher after your presentation.TaskUnit 3 Part I Section II Task 3For Reference:第19页/共106页Unit 3 Part I Sec
25、tion II Task 31.Try to recall what games girls play in their childhood and what boys play.2.How different are men and women in terms of their academic performance and social survival strategies?3.Match the play styles listed in the first exercise with the academic performance and social survival str
26、ategies in the second to see if there is any link between them.Questions:第20页/共106页Unit 3 Part I Section II Task 34.What do you think influences girls and boys and makes them behave differently,for example,they have preferences for different play styles?5.Classify the factors listed in Exercise 4 in
27、to“natural”and “learned”.6.What do you think could be done to direct our behavior,improve our performance and finally change social attitudes towards women?【Script】第21页/共106页ScriptUnit 3 Part I Section II Script第22页/共106页Word Bankchronic/krnk/adj.慢性的慢性的consistent/knsstnt/adj.一致的一致的clinical/klnkl/adj
28、.临床的临床的induce/ndjus/vt.引起引起;诱发诱发apply/pla/vt.使用使用;敷敷,涂涂threshold/rehld/n.(生理、心理生理、心理)阈，临界阈，临界versus/vss/prep.对对;与与相对相对diabetes/dabitiz/n.糖尿病糖尿病distress/dstres/n.悲痛悲痛,痛苦痛苦inevitably/nevtbli/adv.不可避免地不可避免地,必然地必然地Unit 3 Part I Section III Word Bank第23页/共106页macho/mt/adj.大男子气的；男子气概的大男子气的；男子气概的socialize/
29、slaz/v.(与与)交往交往;交际交际questionnaire/kwestne(r)/n.调查表调查表、问卷、问卷masculinity/mskjulnti/n.男子气男子气masculine/mskjln/adj.男子气的男子气的account for说明（解释）说明（解释）原因原因sensory/sensri/adj.感觉的感觉的,感知的感知的neutral/njutrl/adj.不确定的，模糊的不确定的，模糊的recruit/rkrut/vt.招募招募Unit 3 Part I Section III Word Bank第24页/共106页Task 1 Watch the video
30、 clip and then complete the following comprehension exercise.TaskUnit 3 Part I Section III Task 11.Most research on pain shows that men have _.A.a lower pain threshold and a lower pain tolerance than women B.a higher pain threshold and a lower pain tolerance than women C.a higher pain threshold and
31、a higher pain tolerance than women D.a lower pain threshold and a higher pain tolerance than women第25页/共106页Unit 3 Part I Section III Task 12.The different gene types for a particular chemical _.A.cause each person to think differently B.send nutrients to different parts of our bodies C.create cogni
32、tive strength in some people and weakness in others D.tell different biological systems in our bodies how to function3.Some doubt the credibility of the pain test because _.A.questionnaires used in the test are too subjective B.gender differences may lead to different pain perception C.researchers g
33、ave males and females different types of stimuli D.people who signed up for the test had a strong desire to win the test第26页/共106页Unit 3 Part I Section III Task 14.To treat complex diseases,those studying genetics suggest _.A.more pain tests should be administered B.genetics should be the core of th
34、e research C.peoples behavior and social factors also need attention D.there should be independent research on males and females5.To get people to sign up for pain testing,Roger Fillingim and his team _.A.prepare a reality show B.turn to chronic pain populations C.advertise their studies in details
35、D.recruit anyone who is willing to take the test第27页/共106页Task 2 Watch the video clip a second time and then complete the following sentences.TaskUnit 3 Part I Section III Task 21.And so in our laboratory and in much of others across the country,we bring people and we induce pain in a controlled way
36、 ,so we might apply a certain amount of heat,or a certain amount of pressure,and ask people,for example,to tell us .2.Well,a gene is basically for a particular protein or a particular chemical in the body or something like that.in a controlled waywhen it first becomes painfula blueprint or a constru
37、ction site_第28页/共106页Unit 3 Part I Section III Task 23.When I bring men and women into my laboratory,men are more motivated to show than women,because of the way we socialize,boys and girls in the society.4.And when people call in,we explain to them in detail whats involved,but .5.And there is a con
38、cern that we recruit people who than people in the general population.a higher pain tolerancein neutral termsare more tolerant of pain_【Script】第29页/共106页ScriptUnit 3 Part I Section III Script第30页/共106页Part II Part II Listening StrategiesListening Strategies Section I News-Identifying News Story Stru
39、cture第31页/共106页News-Identifying News Story StructureUnit 3 Part II Section I The most important structural element of a story is its lead.The lead is the first sentence,or in special cases the first two sentences.It not only gives listeners an encapsuled account of a whole story but also leads them
40、into the details of the story.The goal is to articulate the most encompassing(包容的)and interesting statement in one sentence.The lead should answer most or all of the 5 Ws and 1 H(what,who,when,where,why,how).However,few leads can fit all of these.Listeners can quickly get the information of a piece
41、of news by understanding its lead.第32页/共106页Unit 3 Part II Section I The organization or structure of a news story is often described as an inverted pyramid(倒金字塔).That means the journalist puts the essential and most interesting elements of his/her story at the beginning,with supporting information
42、following in order of descending importance,as shown in the following.1.The lead containing 5Ws and 1H.2.Material that explains and amplifies the lead.3.Necessary background material.4.Secondary or less important material.第33页/共106页Unit 3 Part II Section I This structure enables listeners to get the
43、 gist of the news story by just listening to the first part of the news,the lead.If they are interested in the background material,they can go to the depth that their curiosity takes them.e.g.The longest solar eclipse of the 21st century cast a 258km(160 mile)wide shadow over the worlds most populou
44、s nations earlier today,recorded on video for replay by millions of people.The lead emphasizes what,where,and when.第34页/共106页Unit 3 Part II Section Ie.g.Solar eclipse 2009 began at 6:30 a.m.local time(0100 UTC)when the shadow of the Moon made landfallon the western Indian state of Gujarat before rac
45、ing across India,blacking out the holy city of Varanasi onthe banks of the Ganges,squeezing between the northern and southern tips of Bangladesh and Nepal before engulfing most of Bhutan,traversing the Chinese mainland and slipping back out to sea off Shanghai.The second part of the news furnishes a
46、dditional information about where.第35页/共106页Unit 3 Part II Section Ie.g.Across India and China,the two countries directly in the path of the Moons shadow,millions of people pointed cameras and video recorders skyward as temperatures dropped,birds returned to their nests,and children looked on bewild
47、ered.On either side of the eclipses path people in Thailand,Vietnam,Laos,Burma,and parts of Indonesia also turned their attention skyward to view a partial eclipse.The third part of the news furnishes additional information about what.第36页/共106页Unit 3 Part II Section Ie.g.In countries under and besi
48、de the path of the Moons shadow,ingrained superstitions rose to the surface and people banged pots,pans and sticks to make noise to chase away the demon“devouring the Sun”,or gathered in prayer for protection.The fourth part of the news furnishes additional information about what.第37页/共106页Task 1 Li
49、sten to the following news report and then do the following exercise.TaskUnit 3 Part II Section I Task 1The leadWhoWhereWhatFacts in descending order of importance:Fact 1.Fact 2.Fact 3.Fact 4.Fact 5.President Obama is back in Washington after a ten-day trip to Asia,his longest trip overseas since he
50、 became president.President ObamaAsiahis longest trip overseasattended APEC in Japana group of 21 member countriesto improve economies and help Asia-Pacific regionhard to say things are improving from recessionObama talked about other concerns._【Script】第38页/共106页ScriptUnit 3 Part II Section I Task 1