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1、Reading Comprehension课改下的高考，主要考查考生的语言运用能力，即使用英语进行交际的能力。交际能力主要包括口头交际和书面交际，即听说读写，其中以篇章为载体，考查考生的读写能力是高考试题中的主要内容。阅读理解考查的要求是：文章的主旨大意(main idea)文章的具体细节(specific details)文章的篇章结构(passage structure)猜测生词的词义(word meanings)作者的观点态度(attitudes/opinions)简单的推理判断(judgments and inference)ReadingComprehensionHow to get
2、 the main idea?How to get the main idea?主旨归纳题Questionforms:Usualtypes:mainidea;topic/besttitle;purposeCommon sentence patterns大意类：The main idea of the passage is.What is the passage mainly about?标题类：Whats the best title/headline for the passage?The best title for the passage might be.作者意图类：Whats the
3、 writers purpose in writing the passage？The authors purpose of writing this passage is Please keep in mind,Practice makes perfect!Haveatry!Guessthemainideaofeachpassagequickly!Passage1 Todaytheproblemofenvironmenthasbecomemoreandmoreserious.Theworldpopulationisrisingsoquicklythattheworldhasbecometoo
4、crowded.Weareusingupournaturalresourcestooquicklyandatthesametimewearepollutingourenvironmentwithdangerouschemicals.Ifwecontinuetodothis,humanlifeonearthwillnotsurvive.(30seconds)Themainideaofthispassageis_A.seriousenvironmentproblemB.humanlifeonearthwillnotsurviveC.naturalresourcesisrunningoutD.dan
5、gerouschemicals Passage2Ahumanbodyappearstoberathersoftanddelicate,comparedwiththatofawildanimal,butitisactuallysurprisinglystrong.Indeed,itsverysoftnessandloosenessisanadvantage;itmakesmangoodatmovingaboutmovementofalllivingthingsofhisownsize,becausehecandosomanydifferentthingswithhislimbs.Mansgame
6、sshowhowhecancontrolhisownbody.Nootherlandcreaturecanswimasskillfullyasman;morehassuchvariedgrace;veryfewlivesaslongashe;noneissostronginitsnaturalresistancetodisease.Thereforemanhasagreatadvantageinhisbattleagainsttherisksofdamageanddeaththatthreatenhim.（1minute）Whatisthetopicsentence?Passage3 Ifyo
7、uwereplanningtobuyatelevisionset,thefollowingadvertisementwouldcertainlydrawyourattention:“ColorTV.Only$79.Twodayssale.Hurry.”However,whenyougotothestorereadytobuy,youmaydiscoverthattheyaresoldout.Buttheshopassistantisquicktotellyouthathehasanothermodel.Amuchbettersetwhichis“justrightforyou”Itcosts$
8、395.Thissalesmethodiscalled“baitandswitch”.Buyersarebaitedwithasalesadvertisement,andthentheyareswitchedtoanothermoreexpensiveone.(1.5minute)Theparagraphcouldbeentitled_.A.Buying A TV Set B.A Selling Method C.Buyer Be Ware D.TV Set on Sale Thissalesmethodiscalled“baitandswitch”.passage4Successisofte
9、nmeasuredbytheabilitytoovercomeadversity.But,itisoftenthebeliefofothersthatgivesusthecouragetotry.J.K.Rowling,authoroftheHarryPotterbookseries,beganwritingatage6.Inherbiography,.becamethefirstpersontoencourageherandhelpbuildtheconfidencethatonedayshewouldbeaverygoodwriter.Nowwithsevenbooksthathaveso
10、ldnearly400millioncopiesin64languages,J.K.Rowlingisthehighestearningnovelistinhistory.Anditallbeganwithhercommitmenttowritingthatwasfosteredbytheconfidenceofafriend!Thetextmainlytellsus.A.hardshipmakesagoodnovelistB.thecouragetotryisaspecialabilityC.youcanhaveawonderfulideaeverywhereD.encouragementc
11、ontributestoonessuccessdetailPassage5Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation.He trans-ferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors.Harvard Law School and,later,Boston College provided him with an excellent legal back-ground.He is p
12、resently a corporation lawyer in Miami,Florida.(2minute)Themainideaofthisparagraphisthat _.A.Tom had studied at Paris and moved to another university.B.Tom became a lawyer after his graduation from College.C.Tom was an excellent student at Berlin university.D.Tom received an excellent education.deta
13、ildetailTypes of Paragraph StructuresTypesThepositionofthetopicsentenceInformation wordsAt the beginningAt the endIn the middleNo clear topic sentencefor exampleso,therefore,What should we pay attention to?1.One swallow does 2.not make a summer.2.Transitionalexpressions:but,yet,however,although,in s
14、pite of,by contrast,on the contraryHow to tell the wrong choices?1、以偏概全，故意片面地理解文章，把文章中出现过的某一个观点当成整篇文章的主题。2、放大或缩小文章的主题，把文章的主题进行放大或者缩小。3、偷换概念，把文章主题换成相关但不同的主题。Commonquestionpatterns:1.The underlined word 1.The underlined word is closest in meaning to the is closest in meaning to the wordword?(2011?(201
15、1广东等广东等)2.We can 2.We can learn from the underlined part thatlearn from the underlined part that (06(06辽宁辽宁)3.The underlined word”it”in paragraph 3.The underlined word”it”in paragraph refers torefers to (2011(2011 湖南、福建等）湖南、福建等）4.By saying,the author 4.By saying,the author means to say thatmeans to
16、say that (2011 (2011 浙江）浙江）5.The underlined sentence in paragraph 5.The underlined sentence in paragraph impliesimplies (2011(2011江西、天津等）江西、天津等）Howdoweguessthemeaningsofnewwordsincontext?例1.Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.2.Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittlethatis,itwillbreakea
17、sily.AeasilybrokenBhotinsideCveryhardDexpensive牧羊人that isRule1:to use _definition/explanation Signalwords:is,is called,be defined as,like,the same as,refer to,such,such as,like,for example/instance,especially,includeGuessthemeaningRule2:to use_例例1.Doctorsbelievethatsmokingcigarettesisdetrimentaltoyo
18、urhealth.Theyalsoregarddrinkingasharmful.2.MostwomeninGhana-theeducatedandilliterate,theurbanandrural,theyoungandold-worktoearnanincomeinadditiontomaintainingtheirrolesashousewivesandmothers.harmfulalsoharmfulnoteducated 1.1.coordination(coordination(并列并列)Signal words:and,or,also,thatistosay,inother
19、wordsandguessthemeaning例3.Therearechargesforprescriptionanddentalcarebutmanypeople,suchaschildren,pregnantwomen,pensioners,andthoseonIncomeSupport,areexemptfrompayment.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exempt”probablymean?A.sufferingB.differentC.preventedD.freebutchargesfor parison or parison or contrastRul
20、e2:to use_4.Sheisusuallypromptforallherclass,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.Signal words:but,however,yet,or,otherwise,while,though,ononehandontheotherhand,ratherthan,insteadofpunctualRule2:to use_logical relationships例例5.Hessuchashrewdbusinessmanthathelosesnomoneyinanytrade.6.Theteache
21、rdidnotheartheknockatthedoorbecausehewascompletelyengrossedinhisreading.smart/sharpsuchthatSignal words:absorbed/devoted3.cause and effect3.cause and effectbecause,since,as,for,so,therefore,sothat,suchthat,thus Guessthemeaningoftheunderlinedword.Rule3:to use _(2010江苏江苏A)Some family names were made b
22、y adding something to the fathers name.English-speaking people added s or son.The Johnsons are descendants of John;the Roberts familys ancestor was Robert.A.later generations B.friends and relativesC.colleagues and partners D.later sponsors2)Europeancountries,forthepresent,aredeeplymiredineconomictr
23、oubles.Itisreportedthattheireconomicfuturelooksuncertainanddark.A.trappedB.absorbedC.engagedD.interestedcontextRule 4:to use _(1)When he reached the place with his army,he found When he reached the place with his army,he found an an imimpasspassableable river in front of him.river in front of him.in
24、capableofbeingpassed(2)He fell into a ditch and lay there,semiconscious,for a few minutes.partiallyconsciousword formationRule 5:to use common sense and experience1)Thesoundofwatergentlylappingagainstthesideoftheboatduringthesilentnightwasverypleasant.tapping拍打拍打 2)Rainforests like the Amazon are im
25、portant for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global 2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming.warming.The phrase“mopping up”in the paragraph means_.The phrase“mopping up”in the paragraph means_.A.cleaning up B.taking in A.cleaning up B.taking in C.wiping out D.gi
26、ving out C.wiping out D.giving outRule 1:to use _/Rule 1:to use _/explanationexplanationRule 2:to use _ Rule 2:to use _ relationshipsrelationshipsRule 3:to use _Rule 3:to use _Rule 4:to use Rule 4:to use wordword _ _Rule 5:to use _ _/Rule 5:to use _ _/experienceexperiencedefinitiondefinitionlogicall
27、ogicalcommoncommon sensesenseformationformationcontextcontextconsolidation1.Clogged blood vessels can be cleaned out,and broken ones mended or replaced.What is the meaning of the underlined word“Clogged”?A.Broken B.Blocked B.C.Removed D.Repaired2.Thelowtestscore,theythink,willmakeitimpossibleforthem
28、togetintoagoodcollege.Andwithoutadegreefromaprestigiousuniversity,theyfearthatmanyoflifesdoorswillremainforeverclosed.good3.Years of rapid economic growth has taken a toll on Chinas environment,with Beijing trying to remove some of the damage now.It has an annual growth target of 7percent for the ne
29、xt five years,well down from last years10 percent.The underlined phrases“take a toll on”in the sixth paragraph means_.A.look forward to B.paid attention to C.caused damage to D.attached importance to 4.Collinsdecidedthatshemustgo,althoughthehazardsofthetripweremany,forexample,theunbearableheat,thepossibilityofgettinglostdanger5.Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultrychickens,ducksandgeese,bothfortheireggsandtheirmeat.家禽家禽Thank you for joining us!Bye-bye!