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1、Welcome to my class!文章文章基础知识结构基础知识结构基础知识结构基础知识结构段落段落句子句子词组词组单词单词树根树根树根树根?单词单词单词单词树枝树枝树枝树枝?句子句子句子句子句子成分句子成分句子成分句子成分树叶树叶树叶树叶?NIE JI QIANNIE JI QIANNIE JI QIAN冠冠冠冠词词词词 定冠词定冠词不定冠词不定冠词介介介介词词词词连连系系v.地点地点方式方式方位方位连连连连词词词词并列并列从属从属感感感感叹叹叹叹词词词词hellowhathow名名名名词词词词 时间时间 专有专有 普通普通可可可可数数数数不不不不可可可可数数数数动动动动词词词词代代代代
2、词词词词形形形形容容容容词词词词副副副副词词词词数数数数词词词词及及及及物物物物不不不不及及及及物物物物 实义实义v.基数词基数词助助v.情态情态v.人称人称物主物主指示指示反身反身不定不定定语定语表语表语地点地点频率频率方式方式时间时间序数词序数词 词词NIE JI QIANNIE JI QIANNIE JI QIAN 实词实词 虚词虚词 news fact usually nice news fact usually nice news fact usually nice your them theirs theyour them theirs theyour them theirs th
3、eeveryone reach like buteveryone reach like buteveryone reach like but twenty-first one at with twenty-first one at with twenty-first one at with should have been to should have been to should have been to 词类辨析词类辨析词类辨析词类辨析 用用途途 结结构构 句句 陈陈述述句句 感感叹叹句句 疑疑问问句句 祈祈使使句句 特特殊殊句句 简简单单句句 并并列列句句 复复合合句句 否定句否定句 肯
4、定句肯定句 否定型否定型 肯定型肯定型 how what 一般疑问句一般疑问句反意疑问句反意疑问句选择疑问句选择疑问句特殊特殊疑问句疑问句 宾宾语语从从句句 定定语语从从句句 状状语语从从句句NIE JI QIANNIE JI QIANNIE JI QIAN 1.主语主语+系系 (link-v.)+表语表语 2.主语主语+谓语谓语 3.主语主语+谓语谓语 +宾语宾语 4.主语主语+谓语谓语 +间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语 5.主语主语+谓语谓语 +宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语五种基本句型五种基本句型五种基本句型五种基本句型 1.主语主语+系系 (link-v.)+表语表语 HeHe i
5、sis an English teacheran English teacher.The The The weatherweather getsgets coldcold.KunmingKunming becomesbecomes beautifulbeautiful.2.主语主语+谓语谓语 (vi.)He arrived.He arrived yesterday.He came back.3.主语主语+谓语（谓语（vt./vi+介词介词)+宾语宾语I like apples.She often listens to music.He arrived at Kunming yesterday4
6、.主语主语+谓语谓语(vt.)+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语He gave me a book.The old man told us a story.Mother bought me a new watch.5.主语主语+谓语谓语 +宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语He encouraged me to work hard.She saw the boy singing in classroomTom asked Lily to help him.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语状语状语定语定语补语补语表语表语句子的成分句子的成分句子的成分句子的成分主语主语 句子的主体，发出动作的人或物，表示所
7、说的是谁或是什么。句子的主体，发出动作的人或物，表示所说的是谁或是什么。主语一般放在句首，特殊句型中，在句末主语一般放在句首，特殊句型中，在句末。HeHeHe was born in a small village.was born in a small village.was born in a small village.代词代词Kunming becomes beautiful.名词名词The old manThe old man told us a story.told us a story.名词或短语名词或短语系动词系动词系动词亦称连系动词（亦称连系动词（Link Verb）。作为系
8、动词，它本身有词义，但）。作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（名词或形容词），构成不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（名词或形容词），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。He He isis an English teacher.an English teacher.The The The weather weather getsgets cold.cold.Kunming Kunming becomesbecomes beautiful.beautiful.表语表语 用来说明主语的身份、特征、状态等，位于连系动词后。
9、可作用来说明主语的身份、特征、状态等，位于连系动词后。可作表语的有名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、动词不定式、介表语的有名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、动词不定式、介词短语、分词短语及从句等词短语、分词短语及从句等 He is He is He is an English teacheran English teacheran English teacher.The The The weather gets weather gets coldcold.名词或短语名词或短语名词或短语名词或短语形容词形容词形容词形容词谓语谓语 说明主语的动作特征状态等，由动词或动词短语构成说明主语的动作特征状态等
10、，由动词或动词短语构成说明主语的动作特征状态等，由动词或动词短语构成说明主语的动作特征状态等，由动词或动词短语构成 .He He He arrivedarrivedarrived.I I I likelikelike apples.apples.apples.it it it gets coldgets coldgets cold不及物动词不及物动词不及物动词不及物动词不及物动词不及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词系表结构系表结构系表结构系表结构系表结构系表结构宾语宾语 是动作的承受者。及物动词及相当于及物动词的短语后都必须是动作的承受者。及物动词及相当于及物动词的短语后
11、都必须带宾语。带宾语。I like I like I like applesapplesapples.He gave He gave He gave mememe a book.a book.a book.He likes He likes to play basketballto play basketball名词名词名词名词代词代词代词代词名短名短名短名短 不定式不定式不定式不定式定语定语修饰名词或代词的句子成分。可以做定语的有名词、代词、数修饰名词或代词的句子成分。可以做定语的有名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、动词不定式、介词短语、动名词、分词短词、形容词、副词、动词不定式、介词短语、动
12、名词、分词短语及从句等。形容词作定语放在名词之前，副词或副词短语时语及从句等。形容词作定语放在名词之前，副词或副词短语时常放在名词后常放在名词后What a What a lovelylovely day!day!I have a lot of work I have a lot of work to doto do.形容词形容词形容词形容词动词不定式动词不定式动词不定式动词不定式状语状语 用来修饰动词、形容词、副词的句子成分称为状语。状语用来说明用来修饰动词、形容词、副词的句子成分称为状语。状语用来说明时间、地点、条件、原因、方式、程度、目的、结果等。时间、地点、条件、原因、方式、程度、目的
13、、结果等。可用作可用作状语的有副词、不定式短语、分词短语、介词短语及从句等。如：状语的有副词、不定式短语、分词短语、介词短语及从句等。如：He arrived He arrived He arrived yesterdayyesterdayyesterday.I have a friend I have a friend I have a friend in America.in America.in America.时间副词时间副词时间副词时间副词地点介短地点介短地点介短地点介短It sounds good.She can speak English.Could you give me so
14、me advice?I will call you as soon as I get to New York.I dont like people who talk much but do little.句子辨析（成分，用途，结构句子辨析（成分，用途，结构句子辨析（成分，用途，结构句子辨析（成分，用途，结构句子辨析（成分，用途，结构句子辨析（成分，用途，结构）1.But this week,Jimmy is _(happily)again.2.He called up all his friends and told _(they)about the problem.中考经典中考经典中考经典中考经典 20102010昆明昆明昆明昆明My mother is the busiest in my _.名词辨析名词辨析名词辨析名词辨析 house family home room house family home room house family home room