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1、第3课代词语法自测一一看高考怎么考单句语法填空1. （2020 ,新高考全国卷 I ）As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations （模拟）and imagine themselves （they） living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.2. （2020 ,全国卷 I ）Data about the moon，s composition, such as how much ice and
2、other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether jts （it） plans for a future lunar （月球的）base are practical.3. （2019 天津卷改编）A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than ihose who are not.4. （2019 北京卷）For the past 20 years, I have lived by these wor
3、ds. Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world. Nervously facing challenges, I know I will whisper to myself（I） the two simple words “Be yourselfw .5. （2018 , 全国卷 I ）Running is cheap, easy and its always energetic. If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same
4、 benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should al 1 give j_t a try.6. （2018 ,全国卷IH）TVhen the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find them （they） alive.7. （全国卷 II）However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25 000 people were using
5、 ft every day.要点突破一一知内容有哪些考点1人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的用法类别人称代词物主代词反身代词主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物 主代词功能作主语作宾语、同位语等作定语作主语、表语或宾语作宾语、 表语或 同位语即时训练单句语法填空第一人称【（我）memyminemyselfwe （我们）usouroursourselves第二人称you （你）youyouryoursyourselfyou （你们）youyouryoursyourselves第三人称he （他）himhishishimselfshe （她）herherhersherselfit（它）ititsitsit
6、selfthey （他们）themtheirtheirsthemselves1. He lives a very regular life, studying every day and never allowing himself （he） to fal1 behind in his schooIwork.2. When told that it was a loss to humans, the farmers burst into laughter and responded, Our real loss is our （we） decreasing income.3. While ma
7、king a choice from various ways of spending our time, we ought to ensure something that restores our lost energy and cheers us （we） up.考点2不定代词的用法/1. both, all, either, neither 与 none 的区别代词用法例句both（1）表示“两者（都）”（2）作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式（3）与not连用表示部分否定，意为“两者并不都”（表示全部否定需用neither）All who have studied this questio
8、n have come to the same conclusion.所有研究过这一问题的人都得出同 一结论。一When shall I call, in the morning or afternoon?我什么时候（给你）打电话方 便，上午还是下午？all（1）指三者或三者以上的人或物的“全部”（2）作主语，指人时，谓语动词通常用复数形式； 指事物的整体或抽象概念时，谓语动词通常用 单数形式（3）与not连用表示部分否定（表示完全否定需 用 none）eithe r(1)表示“(两者中的)任何一个”(表示三者或 三者以上的人或物中的“任何一个”需用any)(2)作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式E
9、ither. Til be in al 1 day.都可以，我将一整天都在家。The researchnei ther(1)表示“(两者)都不”(2)单独作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式(3)后接of短语作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数形式，也可用复数形式group produced two reports based on the survey, but neithernone(1)表示“(三者及三者以上中)无一个”或“没有一点儿”(2)后接of短语作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数形式，也可用复数形式(3)既可指代可数名词，也可指代不可数名词contained anyuseful suggestions
10、.以这个调查为基础，研究团队做了 两个报告，但是这两个都不包含任 何有用的建议。None of myfriends knowFrench.我的朋友都不懂法语。2. each与every的区别代词用法each(1)强调个体，可作代词和形容词，修饰单数可数名词，指两者或两者以上中的“每一个”(2)可以与of短语连用；可作主语、宾语、同位语和定语。作主语时，渭语动 词用单数形式；作同位语时，谓语动词的数和主语保持一致every(1)强调(整体中的)每一个，只能作定语，修饰单数可数名词，表示三者或三者以上中的“每一个”(2)与not连用构成部分否定(3)可用来表示“每隔”(4)不可与of1短语连用3.
11、 the other, another, others 与 the others 的区别代词用法例句4. none, nothing 与 no one/nobody 的区别theother可单独使用，特指两者中的“另一个”或两部分中的“另一部分”To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one barefoot against the other.为了暖和自己，那个海员坐在火堆前， 两只光脚丫互相蹭着。In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in o
12、thers, knives and forks.在一些国家，人们用筷子吃饭，而在另 外一些国家，人们用刀叉吃饭。another泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的 “另一个”，代替单数可数名词。另外，another后可接“基数词/few+复数 名词(名词表示的事物被看作一个整 体)”，表示“另外的(多少)”othersothers只能单独使用，表示泛指意义， 意为“其他的人或事物”，常与some 连用theothers特指“整体中除去一部分后剩余的全部人或事物”时用the others点拨部分否定和全部否定代词用法例句none(1)特指语境中提到的人或物，强调数量(2)后可接of短语，可回答how
13、many, howmuch引导的特殊疑问句Niki is always full of ideas, but none is useful to my knowledge.尼基点子总是很多，但是据我所知，没有 一个是有用的。nothing(1)指物，表泛指(2)不可接of短语，可回答what引导的特殊疑问句There is nothing you can do to help.你什么忙也帮不上。noone/ nobody(1)常指人，仅用于指代可数名词单数(2)不可接of短语，可回答时。引导的特殊疑问句Even if the answer seemed a little strange, no
14、body but I doubted it. 尽管这个答案好像有点奇怪，但是除了我 之外没人怀疑它的正确性。(1) no one, none, nobody, nothing, not. any/either 以及“no+名词”都表示全部否定；None of us was going to the party.我们当中没人打算去参加那个聚会。(2) all, both, everyone/everybody/every thing 以及“every+名词”与 not 连用时,表示部分否定。While I agree with the most of what you said, I dont
15、agree with everything.尽管我同意你的大部分看法，但是并不同意所有的看法。5.复合不定代词的用法某任何每个：所有没有人someone/somebodyanyone/anybodyeveryone/everybodyno one/ nobody物somethinganythingeverythingnothing6.表数量的不定代词的用法代词用法表示意义含义few修饰或代替可数名词复数否定含义几乎没有a few修饰或代替可数名词复数肯定含义几个：一些little修饰或代替不可数名词否定含义儿乎没有a little修饰或代替不可数名词肯定含义少量；一点点many修饰或代替可数名
16、词复数肯定含义许多much修饰或代替不可数名词肯定含义许多7.替代词代词用法例句it特指前面提到过的同一个人或物，不带任何的修饰语Wo had just rented a car. It looked very old.我们刚租了一辆车。它看起来很旧。one替代上文出现的“a/an +单数可数名词”，表泛指，同类不同一Mr. Zhang gave me a very valuable present, one that I had never seen. 张先生给了我一件非常有价值的礼物 件我从来没有见过的礼物。onesone的复数形式，替代上文出现的复数 名词，表泛指，同类不同一10 o*
17、clock is too late for the little ones.十点钟对那些小家伙来说就太晚了。that替代上文出现的“the +不可数名词或 单数可数名词”，表特指，同类不同一。 其后常跟介词短语作后置定语In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from that in the UK.在许多方面，美国的教育制度与英国的 教育制度没有很大差异。those替代上文出现的复数名词（尤其是有后置定语时），表特指，同类不同一The books on the desk are better than
18、 those under the desk.桌子上面的书比桌子下面的书要好。即时训练单句语法填空1. Success is just on the other side. You have to want it enough, and be wi 11 ing enough to get i t.2. Many singles say the regular dating scene has just led them from one bad experience to another and are ready to try something else.3. Nobody likes t
19、o talk about death, but the reality is-everyone is going to die at one point, but none of us know the day, or the hour.4. Both teams were in hard training; neither was willing to lose the game.考点 3 i t 的用法1. it的基本用法用法例句指天气、季节、时间、距离、环境等It is early spring, but it is already hot. 现在是初春，但是天气已经很热了。代替前面提过
20、的事物、群体、想法、内 容等或代替指示代词Although he didnt like the movie, I decided to see it.尽管他不喜欢看这部电影，但我还是决定去看一看。指不知性别的孩子和婴儿或不明确的 人（由于某种原因而不知对方是谁）What will you call it if it is a boy?要是男孩的话，你会给他取什么名字？2. it作形式主语或形式宾语续表成分常用句型it作形式主语It is a pi ty/shame that.真可惜It is no wonder that.难怪It seems/appears that.似乎/看来It look
21、s/seems as if/though.看起来好像It happens that.碰巧It occurs to/comos to/strikcs/hits sb. that.某人突然想起It is said/reported that.据说/据报道It is certain/necessary/important/. that. 是一定的/必要的/重要的It is no use/good doing.做没有用/好处的It takes sb. some time to do.做花费某人若干时间3. it的常用短语或句型成分常用句型it作形 式宾语主语 + think/believe/suppo
22、se/consider/feel/make/keep/. + it + adj. /n.+ for/of sb. to do/that 从句主语 + think/bclieve/suppose/consider/fecl/make/kccp/. + it +use1oss/worth/worthwhi1e/no use/no good/a waste of time/. +doing it构成强调句型It is/was. that.make it获得成功；赶上See to it that.确保count on/rely on/depend on it that.相信appreciate it
23、+从句感激I take it that.假定When it comes to.当涉及/谈到as someone puts it像某人所说的那样I can* t help it (.)我没办法/情不自禁()Its (high) time that sb. did/should do sth.是某人该做某事的时候了W Its the first/second/. time that sb. have/has done sth.这是某人第一/二/次做某事了t is/has been. since.自从已过了时间了lt will be/was. before.要过时间才/在之前已过了 时间即时训练单句
24、语法填空1. 1 have made i_t clear that I will not accept this job.2. J_t was in 2019 that he graduated from Beijing University.3. Given hope, I am convinced that a breeikthrough can come at any age if we have faith in ourselves and keep learning and working for rt.4. Susan depended on it that she would m
25、ake a new life for herself.技巧点拨一一析典题如何考技巧1人称、物主、反身代词类：“成分”是关键1 .如果句中缺主语，则用人称代词的主格。示例 lThe students returned to school with a sense of achievement, a feeling that helped people in need.解析：根据语境可知，空处作主语，指代上文提到的The students,故填代词they。答案：they2 .如果句中缺宾语或表语，则用人称代词的宾格。示例 2Now it occurred to (he) that his far
26、m had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.解析：it occurred to sb. that.表示“某人突然想到”，是固定句型,此句型中sb.为宾语，应用宾格形式，故填him。答案：him3 .如果句中缺定语，则用形容词性物主代词。示例 3A few hours before, Id been at home in Hong Kong, with (it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.解析：
27、空后面有名词smog,故要用形容词性物主代词。答案：its4 .如果主语和宾语代表同一个人或物，宾语则用反身代词。示例 4 I suddenly real ized 1 had grown up and that I had to look after (me) and live independently.解析：考查反身代词。与句子主语I呼应，应用反身代词，意为“照顾好自己”。答案：myself技巧2 it类：“指代”要辨明1 .如果指代上下文同一事物，用it。示例 5Raise your leg and let stay in the air for seconds.解析：此处填it指代前
28、面出现的your lego答案:it2 .如果指代天气、时间、距离、地点用it。示例 6 Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said was a wonderful holiday destination.解析：从空格后的a wonderful holiday destination”可知,这个地方就是Miami, 故填it指代前面提到的地点。答案：it3 .如果作形式主语或形式宾语用il。示例 7How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?解析：句意：如果你正在看你最喜欢的电视节目，而有人进入房间没有问你就把电视关 了，你会怎样？表示“喜欢，热爱，憎恨”的动词后常加it再加that, if或when引导的 从句。答案：it