2022届安徽省马鞍山市高三上学期期末考试(一模)(1月)英语(解析版).docx

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1、安徽省马鞍山市2022届高三第一次教学质量监测英语试题第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。AThe Childrens Climate Prize(CCP) has been given every year since 2016 to a person between the ages of 12 and 17 who has madc44cxtraordinary cffbrtsnto improve life on the planet fbr children now and

2、 in the future. Here are some of the finalists this year.Yash NarayanYash Narayan, 17,from California ,the US created a smartphone app called DeepWaste. Yash realized (hat a lot of waste could be avoided if people had a simple system for deciding what could be recycled,and what was truly garbage. Us

3、ers who download the app can use their phones camera to quickly find out the best way to get rid of something.Fernanda BarrosSixteen-year-old Fernanda Barros is from Par,Brazil,where she helped start the group Fridays For Future Amazonia(FFFA). Brazils Amazon rainforest is seriously threatened.FFFA

4、is working to protect the rainforest.Lesein MutunkeiLesein Mutunkci,a 17-year-old from Nairobi,Kenya started a project called Trees For Goals(T4G).It encourages soccer teams to plant II trees fbr every goal scored (one for each player). Already,over 1,500 trees have been planted,and Lesein is workin

5、g to spread the idea further. He would really like to get the soccer group FIFA to back the idea.Anjali SharmaSeventeen-year-old Anjail Shama from Melbourne,Australia took Australias Environment Minister to court in an attempt to stop a coal mine from being expanded. The case resulted in the court s

6、aying that the government had akiduty of carcto protect young people. It has inspired others to use the courts to force action on the climate crisis.1. Who developed a mobile application ?A. Yash Narayan.B. Fernanda Barros.C. Lesein Mutunkei.D. Anjali Sharma.delivered backpacks full of school suppli

7、es, clothing and shoes fbr Cayden and Ceniyah in early August. t4At the time, I didnt have anything fbr my kids to start school J said Starks” (8 月初,家里的一个朋友给凯登和塞尼亚 送去了装满学习用品、衣服和鞋子的背包,之后她(斯塔克斯)就决定提供编辫子服务。“当时,我没有任 何东西供孩子上学,”斯塔克斯说)和第三段“The unexpected gift made a big difference (o Starks and her childre

8、n, and it motivated her to pay it forward.(这个意想不到的礼物对斯塔克斯和她的孩子们产生了巨大的 影响,也激励她把它传递下去。)可知,朋友的及时帮助让Brittany Starks开始她的编辫子服务。故选B项。 5.推理判断题。根据文章第三段 Starks 的话“The hair-braiding process involves washing, blow-drying, and finally dividing the hair into small sections and braiding it. It also requires multip

9、le supplies including combs, brushes, hair jam and additional pieces of hair to weave in. It costs anywhere from$ 150 (o $400 at a salon (美发厅), dependingonthestyle,”(编发过程包括清洗、吹干,最后将头发分成小块编发。它还需要多种用品,包括 梳子、刷子、发卡和额外的头发来编织。费用从15。美元到400美元沙龙(美发厅),根据不同的风格)可 推知,编辫子并不是简单的事情,还有一点小贵。故选A项。6. 推理判断题。根据文章倒数笫二段关键句

10、When she wrote the Facebook post, she assumed only a handful of people would reach out, but before she knew it, she had 35 appointments booked. (当她在 Facebook 上发帖时, 她以为只有少数人会联系她,但在她知道之前,她已经被预约了 35次。)及“Her Facebook inbox was suddenly full of messages from single parents (她的Facebook收件箱突然塞满了来自单亲父母的信息)可知

11、,Starks 认为Facebook上的回应出乎意料。故选B项。7. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段关键句Theres a huge need fbr this.(这有巨大的需求。)及“Given that there was less than two weeks before the start of school, Starks knew she needed to enlist help.(考虑至ij 离开学不至l两 周的时间,斯塔克斯知道她需要寻求帮助。)可推知,Starks需要寻求帮助来进行自己的服务。故选C项。 8. A9. D 10. D11. C【解析】【分析】这是篇说明文。文

12、章主要说明了 Carlos Burel。和其团队对生活在离海很远的红树林进行了研究,发现了 它们离海岸这么远生存的原因以及这一研究的重要意义。8. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Carlos Burelo was among them. He became curious about these mangroves on a childhood fishing trip.(Carlos Burelo就是其中之一。在童年的一次钓鱼之旅中,他对这些红树林产生了好奇广 可知,孩提时代的钓鱼之旅,一种典型的树吸引了 Burelo的注意。故选A。9. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“This biologist

13、is part of a team that went on to discover where those mangroves came from.(这位生物学家是一个小组的成员,他们继续探索这些红树林的来源)”以及第三段中“Burens team first collected leaves from these mangroves. (Burelo 的团队首先收集 了这些红树林的叶子)”可知,Burelo 的团队要研究红树林的叶子是为了获得树的起源的科学证据。故选Do10. 主旨大意题。根据第四段The team shared its findings in the Proceeding

14、s of the National Academy of Sciences on October 12-Morc than 100,000 years ago, the world was warmer and Sea levels higher. In fact, sea levels reached about 9 meters above todays levels. As a result, land on what is now the Yucatan Peninsula flooded. That allowed coastal mangroves to move inland.

15、When the world cooled again, the mangroves were stuck for from the coast.(10月12日,该团队在美国国家科学院院刊上分享了他们的发现。10万多年前,地球温度更高, 海平面也更高。事实上,当时的海平面比现在高9米。结果,现在Yucat如半岛上的土地被淹没了。这使 得沿海红树林向内陆迁移。当世界温度再次下降,红树林被困在海岸)“可知,第四段主要讲的是这种喜欢 海洋的树是如何远离海岸的。故选D。11. 词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“of these trees is striking”以及Although they normal

16、ly live in seawater, they*ve survived all this time inland.”可知,虽然这些树通常生.活在海水中,但它们一直在内陆生存,可见它们自适 应能力非常惊人。故画线词意思是“自适应能力故选C。12. DC13. BA【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现运动燃烧的卡路里比预期的要少,据估计,对于超重的人来说, 在高强度活动期间燃烧的卡路里有半会在稍后得到补偿。文章介绍了研究的发现以及专家对此的看法。12.细节理解题。根据笫一段中“A study has found that when people burn extra calo

17、rics by working out, the body starts to compensate by reducing the amount of energy spent on functions to stay alive, such as sleeping or digestion.(一项研究发现,当人们通过锻炼燃烧额外的卡路里时,身体开始通过减少用于维持生命的功能如 睡眠或消化的能量来进行补偿)”可知,这项研究表明,运动燃烧的卡路里比预期的要少是因为它们是由身 体补偿的。故选D。13. 推理判断题。根据第二段Researchers at the University of Roe

18、hampton found that the calories the body burns to keep ticking over decrease by 28 per cent during periods when daily exercise levels are consistently high. This means the more we exercise over the long-term, the less calories our bodies bum for the most rudimentary activities. The results show that

19、 only 54 per cent of the calories used by exercise or activity among people who have the highest body mass actually translated into calories burnt at the end of the day. due to their bodies reducing the energy spent on the most basic of functions. In contrast,70 percent of calorics burnt during acti

20、vity by those with the lowest body mass translated into more calories burnt at the end of the day.(罗汉普顿大学的研究人 员发现,当日常锻炼水平持续较高时,身体为维持正常运转而燃烧的卡路里会减少28%。这意味着我们长 期锻炼得越多,我们的身体在最基本的活动中消耗的卡路里就越少。结果显示,在体重最高的人群中,锻 炼或活动所消耗的热量中,只有54%在一天结束时转化为燃烧的热量,因为他们的身体在最基本的功能上 消耗的能量减少了。相比之下,那些身体质量最低的人在活动中燃烧的70%的卡路里转化为天结束时燃

21、烧的更多的卡路里)“可推知,作者通过提供统计数据展开第二段。故选C。14. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Professor Lewis Halsey, of the department of life sciences, said:Around the world, national guidelines tend to recommend a 500-600 calorie deficit through exercising and dieting to lose weight. However, they do not take into account the reduction o

22、f calories being burnt in the most basic of human functions as the body compensates for the calories burnt on the exercise as shown in our research, and the variation in this compensation between people with difterent levels of body fht.”(生命科学系的 Lewis Halsey 教 授说:“在世界范围内,国家指南倾向于建议通过锻炼和节食来减少500到600卡路

23、里的热最。然而,他们 没有考虑到在人类最基本的功能中所燃烧的卡路里的减少,正如我们的研究所显示的那样,身体会对运动 中燃烧的卜路里进行补偿,而且这种补偿在不同体脂水平的人之间存在差异。”)”可推知,Lewis Halsey认 为目前的国家减肥指南应该被修改。故选B。15. 主旨大意题。 根据最后 .段“In this study they found no differences between men and women in the energy lostduring activity. But since the research shows overweight people who

24、exercise burn significantly fewer calories on day-to-day functions, there is a need for greater personalisation of exercise plans depending upon body mass.(在 这项研究中,他们发现男性和女性在运动过程中失去的能量没有区别。但由于研究表明,超重的人在FI常 运动中消耗的卡路里明显较少,因此有必要根据身体质量制定更个性化的运动计划)”结合文章主要说明了 研究发现运动燃烧的卡路里比预期的要少,据估计,对于超重的人来说,在高强度活动期间燃烧的卡路里

25、 有一半会在稍后得到补偿。文章介绍了研究的发现以及专家对此的看法。可知,A选项“超重的锻炼者燃烧 的卡路里更少最符合文章标题。故选A。16. DG17. CF18. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文.文章主要介绍了几种可以帮助你获得财务安全感的方法。16. 根据上文“Being clever at managing money does not necessarily mean a large bank account or getting involved in a high-risk investment. But no matter what your current situation

26、 is, you can be more financially smart in your everyday life.(善于理财并不一定意味着拥有一个大银行账户或参与高风险投资。但无论你现在的情况如何, 你在日常生活中都可以在财务上更聪明)”结合后文主要介绍了获得财务安全感的几种方法。故D选项“有几 种方法可以帮助你获得财务安全感”符合语境,故选D。17. 根据后文“To achieve this, you should start by calculating your total monthly income and create a household budget. Then yo

27、u can stay within your earnings each month.(要做到这一点,你应该开始计算你的每月总收入, 并制定家庭预算。这样你就可以保持在每月收入之内了)“可知,后文提到保持在收入之内,可见是建议支 出不应该超出收入,保证收支平衡。故G选项“你每个月的总支出不应该超出你的收入”符合语境,故选G。 18.根据上文“Set up a separate savings account. Exactly how much you save will depend upon your job, your personal expenses, and your individ

28、ual financial goals. Therefore, to save something each month, you will find it necessary to open a savings account.(设立一个单独的储蓄账户。你到底存了多少钱取决于你的工作、你的个 人开支和你的个人财务目标。因此,为了每个月存一些钱,你会发现有必要开立一个储蓄账户)”可知,本 段的建议是设立单独的储蓄账户,本句为本段最后一句,应承接上文说明其目的,C选项中ihere对应上文 中a savings account。故C选项“当你有一些额外收入时,把它存在那里”符合语境,故选C。19.

29、 根据上文“Gradually, the fast-growing savings will definitely make your budget more comfortable. Pay off debts. You first need to work out your total debt numbers and how long it will realistically take to pay off. If you have high-interest debts like credit cards, prioritize paying it off. If you have

30、a short-term loan, also pay that down, as quickly as possible.(渐渐地,快速增长的储蓄肯定会让你的预算更舒适。偿还债务。你首先需要计算出你的 总债务数字,以及实际需要多长时间才能还清。如果你有信用卡等高息债务,优先偿还。如果你有短期贷 款,也要尽快还清)“可知,上文提到了短期贷款,本句为本段最后一句,应承接上文说明贷款的影响,F 选项中Such loans对应上文中a short-term loano故F选项“如果不能及时全额付清,这样的贷款会变得非常 昂贵”符合语境,故选F。20. 根据后 文“You should priorit

31、ize your needs. Do not pay any money toward non- essential expenses until all of your necessary living costs have been paid. Besides, taking time to shop around can help you find the best deals. Shopping online and out-of-season is also particularly useful for the best prices for your needs.(你应该优先考虑

32、 你的需要。在所有必需的生活费用都付清之前,不要支付任何非必要的开支。此外,花时间货比三家可以 帮助你找到最划算的交易。网上购物和过季购物也特别有用,可以为你的需求提供最好的价格)”可知,后 文提到不支付非必要开支以及货比三家找到最划算的交易,可见本段主要是针对消费决定做出建议。故A 选项“做出更好的消费决定“符合语境,故选A。21. AB22. CD23. BD24. DA25. CD26. DA27. CA28. BC29. BC30. BA【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了佩吉讨厌自己的工作,在作者的要求下,她最终同意尝试一个星期全身 心投入工作,结果她真的有了很大变化,与身边的

33、每一个人、每一件事都产生了联系。21. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:我让他们“表现得好像”他们的行为真的对他们周围的人产生了影响。A. actions 行为;B. observations 观察;C. inventions 发明;D. applications 应用。根据后文really made a difference to everyone around them”以及下文佩吉的例子,可知指让他们“表现得好像“他们的行为真的对他们周围的人产 生了影响。故选A。22. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:他们应该牢记的关键问题是:如果我在这里真的很重要,我会做什么? A. plan 计划;B. quest

34、ion 问题;C. word 话语;D. infonnation 信息。根据后文“If I were really important here, what would I be doing?”可知此处指关键问题,应用questiono故选B。23. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:佩吉一开始拒绝接受这项任务。A. appreciated感激:B. completed完成;C. resisted 反抗;D. announced宣布。根据后文“She hated her job.“可知,佩吉一开始是拒绝接受这项任务的。故选C。 24.考查副词词义辨析。句意:每天她都很痛苦,看着时钟慢慢地走过痛苦的八个小

35、时。A.swifUy迅速地;B. carefully 仔细地;C. pleasantly 愉快地;D. slowly 缓慢地。根据后文“move through eight painful hours”可知 因为佩吉不喜欢自己的工作,所以觉得时间过得很慢。故选D。25. 考查副词词义辨析二句意:带着极大的怀疑,她终于同意尝试了一个星期一全身心投入工作,好像她 真的有价值。A. previously 以前:B. finally 终于;C. frequently 频繁地:D. instanlly 立即。根据后文“agreed lolryilCrjusloneweek”可知,佩吉一开始拒绝,后来终于

36、同意尝试一星期。故选26. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:带着极大的怀疑,她终于尝试了一个星期全身心投入工作,“好像”她真的 很重要0A. reply 依赖;B. refer提到;C. object反对:D. commii 犯罪,投入。呼应上文“I instructed all my students to participate full-oul in (heir jobs for one entire week.”指要求佩吉全身心投入工作一周。故选 D。27. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:带着极大的怀疑,她终于尝试了一个星期全身心投入工作,好像她真的 很重要。A. quitted 停止;B. pro

37、mised 承诺;C. feared 恐惧;D. counted 计算,重要。呼应上文“If I were really important here”指表现得自己很重要。故选D。28. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:接下来的个星期,当我看着佩吉走进房间时,我简直不敢相信她的精力水平 有这么大的不同。A. difference差异;B. drop水滴;C. lest测试;D. absence缺席。呼应后文“What a difference a simple question made in just one short”指佩吉的精力水平有了很大不同。故选A。29. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:她用激动

38、的声音说A. anxiety焦虑;B. caution谨慎;C. excitement激动;D. hate讨厌。根据后文中“by how much I could do in a day”以及what I was doing!”佩吉描述自己的改变,可 知她自己对这些变化是感到激动的。故选C。30. 考查动词短语辨析。句意:首先,我停止抱怨工作,开始用一些植物和海报来照亮办公室。A. lock down 封锁;B. clean up 清理;C. tear down 扯下;D. brighten up 点亮。根据上文“started to use some plants and posters t

39、。”可知佩吉用一些植物和海报来点亮办公室。故选D。31. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:然后我开始真正关注和我一起工作的人。A. dance舞蹈;B. part部分;C. travel 旅行;D. work 工作。根据上文“I then started to really pay attention to the people 1”指佩吉开始关注和自己一 起工作的人。故选D。32. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:如果有人看起来不高兴,我就会问是否有什么问题,是否需要我帮忙。A. unhappy 不开心的;B. amused 有趣的;C. unfamiliar 不熟悉的;D. innocent 无辜的。根

40、据后文“I asked if there was anything wrong and if I could help”可知询问是否需要帮助是因为有人看起来不开心。故选A。33. 考查动词词义辨析。句意:每一天,我都把我想完成的事情列成清单。A. mention提及;B. abandon抛弃; C. accomplish完成:D. postpone推迟。根据后文“by how much I could do”可知,佩吉之前讨厌自己的工作,如今惊讶于自己一天能够做这么多事情,她的做法是把想完成的事情列成清单。故选C。34. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我真的很惊讶,当我专注于我正在做的事情时,我一

41、天能做这么多的事情! A. surprised 惊讶的:B. alarmed 担忧的:C. embarrassed 尴尬的;D. depressed 沮丧的。根据后文“by how much I could do in a day”可知,佩吉不再拖延,惊讶于自己一天中能做这么多事情。故选A。35. 考查动词短语辨析。句意:我真的很惊讶,当我专注于我正在做的事情时,我一天能做这么多的事情!A. relied on 依赖;B. focused on 集中于;C. congratulated on 祝贺;D. invested on 投资。根据后文“what I was doing” 可知指专注于自

42、己所做的事情。故选B。36. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意:每当我开始陷入无聊和抱怨的最初模式时,这个标志就会提醒我应该做什么。A. active 活跃的;B. current 目前的;C. initial 最初的;D. healthy 健康的。根据上文“And every time I started to fall back into my”可知,佩吉讨厌自己的工作,所以这里指开始陷入无聊和抱怨的最初模式。故选C, 37.考查名词词义辨析。句意:每当我开始陷入无聊和抱怨的最初模式时,这个标志就会提醒我应该做什么。A. poster 海报;B. sign 标志;C. clock 时钟;D. pl

43、ant 植物。呼应上文“I put a sign with that question on my desk.” 指提醒自己该做什么的标志。故选考查动词词义辨析。句意:这真的有帮助。A. rang响起;B. stopped停止;C. helped帮助;D. hurt伤害。 根据上文“reminded me what I was supposed to be doing”可知,标志提醒佩吉该做什么,佩吉也因此有了改变, 所以这一做法是有帮助的。故选C。38. 考查名词词义辨析。句意:一个简单的问题在短短一周内就产生了多么大的变化啊! A. hour小时:B. week 周;C. month月;D

44、. (erm学期。呼应上文“agreed to try it for just one week”这一尝试只持续了一周。故选Bo 40.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:这让佩吉觉得自己与身边的每一个人、每一件事都有联系。A. connected连 接的,有联系的;B. sensitive敏感的;C. limited有限的;D. strange奇怪的。根据后文“to everyone and everything around her”可知,佩吉认真投入工作,关注身边的人,觉得自己与身边的每一个人、每一件事都 有联系了。故选A。41. is43. towasted44. environmental(o

45、 inspire45. easilythat46. wentdonations【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了美国的食物浪费问题严重以及一些州为控制食物浪费所采取的行动。41. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:美国每年浪费近4000万吨食物,约占美国全部食物供应的30%到40%。根 据上文every year可知应用一般现在时,且此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词nearly 40 million tons of food,从句中谓语应用单数形式。故填is。42. 考查连词。句意:浪费食物会造成后果:它浪费了生产所需的水和能源,并产生甲烷和二氧化碳等温室气 体,导致全球变暖。结合前后文语

46、境可知此处generate与waste为并列谓语,应用连同and。故填and。43. 考查固定短语。句意:浪费食物会造成后果:它浪费了生产所需的水和能源,并产生甲烷和二氧化碳等温 室气体,导致全球变暖。结合句意表示“导致”可知短语为contribute to。故填to。44. 考查形容词。句意:美国浪费食物的产量相当于3700万辆汽车的温室气体排放量。修饰后文名词food应 用形容词wastedo故填wastedo45. 考查形容词。句意:如果美国人继续走粮食浪费的老路,对环境的影响将是灾难性的。修饰后文名词impact 应用形容词environmental,作定语。故填environment

47、al。46. 考查非谓语动词。句意:如果减少粮食不安全和拯救地球还不足以激励人们采取行动减少粮食浪费,或许 还有一个更好的理由,那就是钱。表示“足以做某驼短语为be enough tod。sth.。故填to inspire。47. 考查副词。句意:将这个数字乘以一个孩子在家里生活的18年,你就可以轻松地支付美国任何一所私立学 院或大学一年的学费。修饰动词pay应用副词easily,作状语。故填easily。48. 考查表语从句。句意:好消息是,全国有几个州正在采取行动控制食物浪费。引导表语从句,从句中不缺 少成分,句意完整,用只起连接作用的that引导。故填thal。49. 考查时态。句意:弗

48、蒙特的“普遍回收法”于2020年7月生效。根据后文in July 2020可知应用一般过去时。 故填went。50. 考查名词的数。句意:由于这项新法律,全州的食品捐赠增加了 40%o donation为可数名词,根据后文have increased by 40 percent 可知应用复数形式。故填 donations。51. 1 .thea.we 后接 were2 .himus.whowhose3 .difterentlydiflerent.picturepictures4 .frominto.去掉had5 .usefuluseI O.protectprotecting【解析】【分析】这是

49、一篇记叙文,短文叙述了上个周末,作者和同学去湿地公园游玩的经历。【详解】.考查冠词。句意:上个周末,我和我的同学去湿地公园游玩。take a trip to sp“去某地旅行/旅游”。故将Ihe 改为a。1 .考查语态。句意:一到那里,我们就被那里美丽的风景所吸引。分析句子可知,主语we与谓语attract 为被动关系。故在we后接were。2 .考查代词。句意:公园对我们来说真是个观鸟的好地方。根据“my classmates and I”可知,公园对我们来 说真是个观鸟的好地方。故将him改为us。2. What is Lcscin Mutunkci trying to do?A. Set up a so

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