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1、高中英语必修二unit5课文及翻译Unit5.FIRST AIDIts a great honour to save a life. Leigh Bardugo.救人一命,善莫大焉。Reading and ThinkingFIRST AID FOR BURNSThe skin is an essential part of your body and is its largest organ. Your skin acts as a barrier against disease, toxins, and the suns rays It also helps control your bod
2、y temperature, prevents your body from losing too much water, warns you when things are too hot or cold, and gives you your sense of touch. As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries. The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid皮肤是人体必不可少的一部
3、分，也是人体最大的器官。皮肤是一道屏障，能 阻挡疾病、毒素和太阳光线的侵入。皮肤还有助于控制体温，防止身体流失 过多的水分，在外物过热或过冷时发出警告，并使你拥有触觉。可想而知， 烧伤会造成严重后果。在处理烧伤时，第一步也是最重要的一步就是采取急 救措施。CAUSES OF BURNS烧伤的原因You can get burnt by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation, the sun, electricity, acids, or other chemicals.house safely, and then ca
4、lling for help. Never go back into a burning building to save your thing.火灾会给你的家造成可怕的损失，也会给人们带来可怕的伤害。如果发生火 灾，您的首要任务是让每个人都安全地离开房子，然后打电话求救。千万不 要回到燃烧的建筑物中去救你的东西。Buy clothes, curtains, and toys that do not burn easilyUse heaters very carefully, as they can set objects on fire.Pace them away from furnitu
5、re when cooking, do not let oil touch the fire or other sources of heat.Check electrical wires a number of times each year to make sure they are in good condition.Switch off your gas and electricity when you will be away from home for a long time.Make sure your home is equipped with fire extinguishe
6、rs.购买不容易燃烧的衣服、窗帘、玩具等。使用加热器时要非常小心，因为它们可能会使物体着火。烹饪时要远离家具，不要让油接触到火或其他热源。每年都要检查电线多次，确保电线处于良好状态。当您长时间不在家时，请关闭您的煤气和电。确保家中装有灭火器。CHILDREN AND HOME SAFETY儿童和家庭安全Homes are not always safe places for young children. Being curious, the may stick their fingers or objects into dangerous places and end up sufferin
7、g from electric shocks or getting burnt. In addition, they may try to eat or drink anything they can find, whether it is food or not. For these reasons, it is important to make your home safe if you have young children about.对幼儿来说，家庭并不总是安全的地方。由于好奇心强，他们可能会把手指 或物品伸进危险的地方，最终遭受电击或被烫伤。此外，他们可能会尝试吃 或喝任何他们能
8、找到的东西，不管它是否是食物。因此，如果您有小孩在身 边，让您的家变得安全是很重要的。Keep matches out of the reach of children.Store all cleaning materials in a locked cupboard.Never leave a small child alone in the bath.Put covers over electrical outlets.Keep all medicines out of the reach of children.将火柴放在儿童无法触及的地方。将所有清洁用品存放在上锁的柜子里。切勿将小孩单
9、独留在浴室内。在电源插座上加盖。符所有蕖物放在完童瓢法斶及的地方。MAKING YOUR HOME SAFE FOR THE ELDERLY 让老人的家更安全The elderly present special challenges, as they may have trouble moving about and can be seriously hurt in falls. If you have an elderly person in your home, you may need to take some extra measures to make your home safe
10、r.老年人提出了特殊的挑战，因为他们可能会有行动不便，并可能在跌倒时受 到严重伤害。如果您的家中有老人，您可能需要采取一些额外的措施，使您 的家更安全。Make sure that passages within the home are kept clear.Put non-slip bath mats in and next to the bath and shower.Put handrails along passage walls and in the bathroom.确保家中的通道保持畅通。在浴室和淋浴间内和旁边铺设防滑浴垫。沿着通道墙壁和在浴室内放置扶手。很多东西都会造成烧伤:
11、灼热的液体、蒸汽、明火、辐射、太阳光、电流、酸 性物质或其他化学品。TYPES OF BURNS烧伤的种类Burns are divided into three types, depending on the depth of skin damage 根据皮肤损伤的深度，烧伤分为三类。First-degree burns : These affect only the top few millimetres of the skin. These burns are not serious. Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by o
12、ther minor household incidents.一度烧伤:仅伤及最上层几毫米的皮肤。此类烧伤并不严重，如轻度的晒伤和 其他轻微家庭事故造成的烧伤。Second-degree burns : These go below the top layer of the skin. They are serious and take a few weeks to get better. Examples include burns caused by hot liquids.二度烧伤:伤及最上层皮肤以下的部位。此类烧伤较为严重，需要数周时间才 能康复，如灼热的液体造成的烧伤Third-de
13、gree burns : These affect every layer of the skin, and sometimes the tissue under it. Examples include burns caused by electric shocks, burning clothes, or petrol fires. These burns cause very severe internal injuries and the victim must go to the hospital at once.三度烧伤:伤及每一层皮肤，有时甚至伤及皮下组织,如因电击灼伤、衣服着
14、火造成的烧伤，或汽油起火造成的烧伤。此类烧伤会引起非常严重的内部损 伤，伤者必须立即送往医院。CHARACTERISTICS OF BURNS 烧伤的特点First-degree burnsdry, red, and mildly swollenmildly painfulturn white when pressedSecond-degree burnsred and swollen, blisters: watery surfaceextremely painfulThird-degree burnsblack and whiteswollen, the tissue underneath
15、 can often be seenlittle or no pain if nerves are damaged: maybe painful around the edges of the burn一度烧伤干燥、发红、微肿微痛受压时变白二度烧伤 发红、肿胀;起水疱;表层渗液极度疼痛 三度烧伤皮肤发黑或变白肿胀;通常可见皮下组织如神经受损，则微痛或无痛感;创面边缘或有痛感FIRST-AID TREATMENT 急救处理1 Place burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minutes, The coo
16、l water stops the burning process and reduces the pain and swelling.1 .将烧伤部位放在流动的冷水下冲洗，尤其在前十分钟。冷水冲洗可阻止烧伤 进程，缓解疼痛和肿胀Dry the burnt area gently with a clean cloth.2 .用干净的布轻轻吸干烧伤部位的水分。3 Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.4 .如有必要,用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位
17、的衣服，除非衣服与被烧伤的皮肤粘连在一 起。5 Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth. Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea, as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.6 .用干净透气的布盖住烧伤部位。在受伤处涂抹油膏不可取，因为这会阻碍伤 口散热，而且可能引发感染。7 If burns are on the face, make sure the victim can still breathe.
18、5 .如果烧伤部位在脸上，应确保伤者仍可呼吸。6 If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns, there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once.7 .如果伤者是二度或三度烧伤，必须立刻送往医院。Using LanguageChen Wei, a high school student in Beijing, had his dinner interrupted when he heard someone screaming from an
19、other table. A fellow diner at the restaurant Zhang Tao, was choking on some steak. He was now holding his throat with his face turning red, while his desperate friends were slapping him on the back.北京高中生陈伟在吃晚餐，这时另一桌突然传来客人的尖叫声。原来餐馆里 一个叫张涛的人被牛排噎住了。只见他按着喉咙，满脸通红，他的几个朋友 正拼命拍打他的背部。Chen wasted no time. He
20、 got up and ran to Zhangs table at once. With the help of Zhangs friends, he was able to help Zhang to his feet. Then, standing behind Zhang, Chen did the Heimlich manoeuvre. The food was instantly forced out, and Zhang began to breathe again. Ten minutes later, an ambulance arrived. The doctors che
21、cked Zhang and made sure that he was fine. They suggested he eat more slowly and take smaller bites before they left.陈伟毫不迟疑。他立刻起身，跑到张涛桌前。在张涛朋友们的帮助下，陈伟 扶着他站了起来。接着，陈伟站在张涛的背后，实施海姆立克急救法。食物 瞬间被排出，张涛又能开始呼吸了。十分钟后，救护车赶到。医生们为张涛 做了检查,确保他没有大碍。离开前，医生建议他吃饭要细嚼慢咽，小口进 食。Choking victims usually have only about four
22、minutes before they collapse and sometimes die, leaving no time for an ambulance to arrive. To solve this problem, in 1974, an American doctor, Henry Heimlich, created the Heimlich manoeuvre, saving thousands of lives around the world. Doing the Heimlich manoeuvre is quick practical, and easy. It is
23、 so easy, in fact, that almost anyone can learn how.噎食者通常大约四分钟后就会瘫倒在地，有时甚至死亡，等不到救护车的到 来。为解决这一问题，1974年美国医生亨利-海姆立克发明了海姆立克急救 法，挽救了全世界成千上万人的生命。海姆立克急救法简便、实用、见效快。 事实上，它非常容易操作，几乎所有人都能学会。If you see someone choking, first call the emergency services.Then, make sure the victim is really choking: A choking per
24、son cannot speak. Slapping the victims back will often force out the obstruction. If this does not work, you can perform the Heimlich manoeuvre by standing behind him and wrapping your arms around his waist. Make a fist with one hand and place it in the upper part of his stomach. Grabbing your fist
25、with your other hand tightly, push up and into his stomach in one motion. Continue doing this until the obstruction is forced out.如果你发现有人被噎住，首先拨打急救电适。然后，确定此人确实是被噎住 了:人被噎时是无法说话的。拍打噎食者的背部通常可以将异物排出。如果不 奏效，那么你可以实施海姆立克急救法。具体做法是:站在此人身后,用双臂 环抱其腰部。只手握拳，置于其上腹部，另一只手紧紧握住拳头，快速用力 向上在里挤压。重复上述动作，直至异物排出。Doing the H
26、eimlich manoeuvre on a small child is not recommended, as you may hurt him. Instead, lay the child face down on your lap with the head lower than the rest of his body, and then give firm slaps to his upper back until he can breathe again不建议对小孩实施海姆立克急救法，因为你可能会伤到他/她。相反，应将孩 子脸朝下放在大腿上，使其头部低于身体其他部位，然后用力拍
27、打其上背部, 直至他/她恢复呼吸。With choking victims, every minute counts. You cannot just stand by and do nothing. Luckily, Chen had learnt how to give firs aid in school. Seeing Zhang choking, he remained calm and reacted immediately. Chen later said about the incident, How could I justify sitting there and doin
28、g nothing? We are all humans and we all have a responsibility to look after one anothers welfare救助噎食者，分秒必争。不要袖手旁观。幸运的是，陈伟在学校学过急救方 法。看到张涛噎住，他保持冷静，且反应迅速。后来，陈伟谈起此事时说道:我有什么理由坐在那儿袖手旁观呢?大家都是人，我们都有责任关心彼此的幸 福。Reading and Writing (Workbook)IS YOUR HOME SAFE?您的家安全吗？Your home can be a dangerous place, but by m
29、aking it safer you can prevent accidents. The kitchen ,bathroom, and bedroom are where most accidents happen. These can include falls, fires, poisoning ,cuts, hot water burns, and electric shocks.您的家可能是一个危险的地方，但通过使它更安全，您可以防止事故的发生。 厨房、浴室和卧室是发生事故最多的地方。这些事故包括摔倒、火灾、中毒、 割伤、热水烫伤和电击。THE KITCHEN 厨房People ma
30、y slip when the floor is wet so make sure the floor is kept dry.Always cut away from your body when you use a knife.Follow instructions for all electrical appliances.Unplug all appliances after use.地板潮湿时，人可能会滑倒，所以要确保地板保持干燥。使用刀子时，一定要从身体向外切。遵守所有电器的使用说明。使用后要拔掉所有电器的插头。THE BEDROOM 卧室Never smoke in bedKee
31、p a lamp near the bedHave a telephone near the bed, especially when youre feeling ill.Dont run electrical wires under carpets.绝不在床上吸烟在床边放一盏灯在床边放一个电话,特别是当你感觉不舒服的时候不要在地毯下面走电线。THE BATHROOM 洗手间Dont plug in an electrical appliance or use one while standing in water.Dont use a hairdryer near a bath contai
32、ning water.Keep the bathroom floor dry.Make sure that your hot water heater is set at a low temperature不要在水中站立时插电器插头或使用电器。不要在有水的浴缸附近使用吹风机。保持浴室地面干燥。确保您的热水器设置在低温状态。PREVENTING FIRES 预防火灾Fires can cause terrible damage to your home and terrible injuries to people. If there is a fire, your first priority s getting everyone out of the