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1、动词不定式用法归纳动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语。但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。另外，动词不定式具有动词特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，组成动词不定式短语。动词不定式的肯定形式是 todo；其否定形式是 not todo。1 1作主语作主语可以直接作主语。如：To see is to believe但在英语中，常用 it 作形式主语，真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。如：Its wrong to play tricks on other peopleIts our duty to keep our env
2、ironment clean and tidy（Lesson 10）点击规律：动词不定式在句中作主语时，常放在 It is adj（形容词）to do sth或 It is n（名词）to do sth句型中，it 仅作形式主语。2 2作宾语作宾语a a.以下动词只能 to do 作宾语。attempt企图 enable能够 neglect 忽视 afford负担得起 demand 要求 long 渴望 arrange安排 mean 意欲，打算 begin 开始 expect 期望 appear 似乎，显得 determine 决定 manage 设法 cease 停止 hate 憎恨，厌恶
3、pretend 假装 ask 问 need 需要 agree 同意 desire 愿望 love 爱 swear 宣誓 volunteer 志愿 wish 希望 bear 承受 endeavor 努力 offer 提供 beg 请求 fail 不能 plan 计划 bother 扰乱；烦恼 forget 忘记 prefer 喜欢，宁愿 care 关心，喜欢 happen 碰巧 prepare 准备 decide 决定 learn 学习 regret 抱歉，遗憾 choose 选择 hesitate 犹豫 profess 表明 claim 要求 hope 希望 promise 承诺，允许 sta
4、rt开始 undertake承接 want想要 intend想要 refuse拒绝 decide决定 learn学习 contrive设法，图谋 incline 有倾向 propose 提议 seek 找，寻觅 try 试图 b blove，like，begin，start，hate，prefer等词后面可以接不定式。点击规律：上述动词后面除接不定式外，还可以接动名词，意思无很大区别。提示板：like doing 指经常性动作，而 like to do 指一次性的动作。如：I like swimming，but I dont like to swim now我喜欢游泳，但我现在不想游。c cs
5、top，forget，remember，go on，try 等词或短语后面可以接不定式。点击规律：上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。1）stop to do sth：停止一件事，去做另一件事。stop doing sth：停止正在做的事。例 句：When the teacher came in，the students stopped talking；when he came out，the students stopped to talk当老师走进来时，学生们停止说话；当老师走出去时，学生们又开始说话。2）思考：forget，remember，go on，try 等词或短语后面接不
6、定式和动名词用法有何区别d在 findfeelitadjto do sth句型中，it 是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。如：The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleepI feel it easy to recite the text点击规律：某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语，又可接动名词作宾语，二者用法上的区别可以通过造句子加以区分，如上面stop 例句。3 3作宾语补足语作宾语补足语a a下面的动词要求不定式做宾补：动词+宾语+动词不定式ask 要求，邀请 get 请，得到 prompt 促使 allow 允
7、许 forbid 禁止 prefer喜欢，宁愿 announce宣布 force 强迫 press 迫使 bride 收买 inspire 鼓舞 request 请求 assist 协助 hate 憎恶 pronounce 断定，表示 advise 劝告 exhort 告诫，勉励 pray 请求 authorize 授权，委托 help帮助 recommend劝告，推荐 bear容忍 implore恳求 remind提醒 beg请求 induce引诱 report报告 compel 强迫 invite 吸引，邀请，summon 传唤 command 命令 intend 想要，企图 show 显
8、示 drive 驱赶 mean 意欲，打算 train 训练 cause 引起 instruct 指示 require 要求 deserve 应受 leave 使，让 tell 告诉 direct 指导 like 喜欢 tempt 劝诱 entitle 有资格 order 命令 warn 告诫 enable 使能够 need 需要 urge 激励，力说 encourage 鼓励 oblige 不得不 want 想要 condemn 指责，谴责 lead 引起，使得 teach 教 entreat恳求 permit 允许 wish 希望I tell him not to go there by
9、busEdisons mother taught him to read and writeb blet，make，have，see，hear，feel，watch，notice 后面接不带 to 的不定式作宾补。如：The boss makes them work 16 hours a dayI heard her sing in the next room提示板：若变成被动语态，在上述结构中，不定式符号to 要加上。如：They are made to work 16 hours a day by the bossShe was heard to sing in the next room
10、4 4作定语作定语：放在被修饰的名词、代词后面例句：I have a lot of work to do The doctor said he could do nothing to help the boy点击规律：动词不定式若在句中作定语，常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。提示板：如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系，若动词是不及物动词，切记不要忘掉介词。如：I have a small bedroom to live inHave you got some pens to write with5 5表语表语：放在连系动词 be 后面例句：His wish is to become a
11、scientist The first important thing is to save the soldierslives 当务之急是抢救战士们的生命。点击规律：动词不定式在句中作表语时，通常对连系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。6 6作状语作状语a a目的状语：放在 go，come，use，live，in order 等词后面。如：I come to see youHe runs fast in order to get there in timeb b原因状语：放在 sorry，glad，surprised，disappointed，excited等词后面。如：I am glad to
12、see you hereI am sorry to trouble youc c作结果状语。如：Some of the apples are hard to reachThe room is large enough to hold 1000 people7 7与与 whatwhat，whowho，whosewhose，whenwhen，wherewhere，how how 等疑问词连用，作宾语、宾语补足语、主等疑问词连用，作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等语等。如：I dont know what to do next（宾语）He taught us how to use the computer（
13、宾语补足语）Its still a question how to get there（主语）巩固练习：根据句意，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1Its time for us _（have）supper2Would you like_（go）shopping with me3It took us half an hour_（work）out the problem4He is old enough_（join）the army5I feel strange_（have）a twin sister6I am very glad_（meet）you here7They prefer_（stay
14、）at home rather than go out8We saw them_（come）into the room just now9What he said made me_（feel）sorry10I am sorryI forgot_（tell）you the news11His plan is_（spend）a few days in the mountains12Have you got anything_（say）13Have you decided which one_（choose）14Do you know when_（start）15He is too weak_（carry）the big stone，Key:1to have；2to go 3to work 4to join 5to have 6to meet7to stay 8come 9feel 10to tell 11to spend 12to say13to choose 14to start 15to carry