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1、(完整版)研究生英语综合教程参考资料Unit One力争第一力争第一那晚，我梦见了父亲，不过与其说它是个梦，倒不如说它是我对父亲的记忆。“第一！不是第二！是第一!父亲的声音从早餐桌的桌首传来。我们四个孩子，一边两个，坐在 10 英尺长的柚木桌两边，神情严肃地专心听着。母亲坐在桌尾那端，抬头望着父亲,脸上的表情既骄傲又焦虑。她会不会是觉得无聊呢？那一年是 1965 年，我 12 岁。“你们这些孩子必须得做第一名，而不是第二。”父亲吼道，他黝黑的面孔因为吼叫而变得更黑了。他竖起食指和中指,“只能是第他这时戏剧性地停顿了一下，在那一刻，他好像一个牧师在祈祷神示,他的四个孩子就像全神贯注听讲的教民,而
2、母亲则像是教堂里虔诚的修女。“第一。”当他吼出最后这几个字时,他会弯起他的食指。我父亲有一双巨大的黑手，修长漂亮的手指上长着椭圆形的指甲，指甲是那么大，好像手指上的风景画一样。连着指甲根部的甲晕占据了指甲大部分，仿佛要侵蚀、威胁并吞掉指尖，乃至是整只手似的。我一直想，他之所以当牙医是不是就是想把他那巨大的手指伸到人们嘴里乱搞,让他自己和他的病人们每天为他那精巧的医术所惊叹呢.很多年后，父亲对我说如果有个女人抱着孩子跑来声称他是孩子的父亲，那么他只需看看孩子的手就行了。假如那双手不大,又没有巨大的指甲和像大海冲刷海岸一般的甲晕,那他就会赶他们走。以前,我对父亲的记忆就是星期天早上的早餐会和他那双
3、手,食指羞怯地弯着，只有中指竖立出来。当他大喊“第一名”时，那只中指就好像长大了，挺出来，指着我们,鞭策着我们-我姐姐，林恩，15 岁,我哥哥，史丹利，13 岁，我弟弟，拉夫，9 岁-做到最好，勇争第一。父亲那洪亮浑厚的嗓音从桌子那端传来,震彻着我们肮脏战栗的身躯。当我醒来时，我又一次颤抖起来,但这次是因为空调开得太强的缘故.在纽约,空调是个奢侈品，但在华盛顿就是必需品了。我起来将空调的温度调高了点，看了看米素，点了根烟，想着刚才的梦.我从未和家人去教堂做过礼拜。当其他的黑人中产阶级家庭在周日去基督教堂感激上帝的恩惠并向已被他们甩在身后的黑人穷兄弟捐几块钱的时候，我们正在虔诚地享用着我们的“星
4、期日早餐会，那是我们自己的礼拜仪式.在我们那有着 11 个房间的公寓的餐厅里,-我们家是那栋楼里唯一的黑人家庭，为了住进那栋楼,父亲曾威胁要起诉他们对我们有种族歧视-父亲宣讲着他自己的福音。他经常讲的是要我们每个孩子都成为第一的必要性，但他也讲任何他能想到的事：时事，黑人英雄,黑人演出，我们作为家境富裕的孩子所应承担的责任,以及他自己的家世。他立的规矩和在教堂做礼拜要守的规矩一样，要求我们准时，不烦不燥，专心听讲,慷慨解囊。但老爸的礼拜里没有募捐盘；在碗里扔几个五分硬币可能对我们太容易了.父亲要求我们完全理解他的训导，成为他想要我们成为的那种人，做第一名的人。他从未告诉过我们这是什么意思,要怎
5、样才能做到.我过了很多年才能够原谅父亲没有把这点解释清楚，又花了更长的时间去理解和接受他这个解释不清的训诫.和训诫的过程相比，父亲像大多数牧师一样更擅长形象化的描述,有说服力的演讲和向我们灌输恐惧。经过 15 年的星期日早餐会，我知道当第二名是不够的,但我丝毫不清楚第一名是什么或怎样才能成为第一名,只知道当第一名更棒。当我还是个孩子的时候,我只是严肃地听着父亲的训导，努力去理解他所说的意思。我和姐姐林恩经常争吵，但因为父亲，我们成为了亲密无间的姐妹。父亲高谈阔论时,我们两个家里小洗碗工的灵魂就默默地相遇了。当我们看着盘中的蛋黄变硬,香肠的油脂凝结起来,鸡肝静静地从卤汁里显露出来的时候，我们分担
6、着彼此的苦闷与痛苦。对于父亲的说教，我们都有各自喜欢的片段.我喜欢的是“洛克菲勒都不会让他的狗在我们家的餐厅里拉屎那段。1(完整版)研究生英语综合教程参考资料“你们觉得我们家已经过得很不错了吗？”父亲会看着我们四个孩子每个人的脸,开始他的说教。我们知道这时最好不要大胆地回答他。因为父亲与人的谈话就是个人的演讲,甚至到现在都是这样。所以把你的鼓掌，-和提问，-留到最后吧。“我们是过得不错，”他会自己回答自己提出的问题，“我们住在西尽大道。我有稳定的工作。你们的母亲不用外出工作。你们都上私立学校。我们夏天到马萨葡萄园去度假.但是我们有这一切是因为另外有 100，000 的黑人同胞们没有这些.他们什
7、么都没有！过得像狗一样！父亲有一副极具表现力的嗓音。当他讲到狗的时候，你好像几乎可以听到那些狗低低的啜泣声。在我的脑海里,我看见一大群数不清的怪物,长着黑人的面孔，野狗的身躯,正向着高处爬去，争取一个更好的生活。不知什么原因，他们总是出现在125 街上，阿波罗剧院的大帐篷下面。多年之后，当我开始对政治有了兴趣并决定要成为黑人民族主义者的第一人时，我激动地发现父亲的这段言辞可能是受到了克劳德麦克凯一首开头为“如果我们必须要死,也不要死得像狗一样”的诗的启迪.“这个国家对黑人是有配额制的，你们的母亲和我只是被允许得到了它，才过上了好日子，”父亲接着说道。很难想象我那 6。3 英尺高，世故聪明，从不
8、受制于人的父亲会要得到什么人的允许才能做什么事。也许这只是他的一种修辞方式吧。“看看你们周围,”他继续说道，用他那长长的手臂支撑着他的大手，指着餐厅。我环顾四周：8 英尺高的瓷器碗柜闪闪发亮，我们的管家玛吉每周都给它上光,里面放满了我外祖母的瓷器和银器；还有翠绿色的地毯，到了节假日就因为装满蛋糕、馅饼和曲奇而下坠的餐柜，和墙上的绘画。我们的日子过得还真不错，我想，然而这个想法只持续了一小会儿。“纳尔逊洛克菲勒都不会让他的狗在这儿拉屎！父亲咆哮着。“与洛克菲勒和统治这个世界的那些人所拥有的东西相比，我们简直就是一无所有,一无所有！甚至都比不上他的狗。你们四个要记住我说的这些话，以后要过得比我好。
9、不仅是为你们自己,也是为我们的同胞，黑人同胞。你们必须做第一。”父亲继续说着,但我的思绪却停留在这里开始飘荡。洛克菲勒的狗的形象使我着迷-我把它想象成威尔士矮脚狗，或者是阿富汗或苏格兰小猎犬-包了一肚子的屎尿，在我们家餐厅绿色的地毯上四处乱嗅，却不愿在这儿方便。我倒对它不愿方便的原因颇感兴趣。难道是因为他不喜欢绿色的地毯？还是他只习惯在稀有的波斯小地毯上大便，而我们家那 100%纯羊毛的地毯不够好?还是因为我们是黑人？但是狗不是色盲吗？我用了很长时间试图弄清楚父亲所谓的第一名是什么意思。父亲出生于华盛顿一个贫寒的黑人家庭，我想他一直用他自己的方式保护我们远离失败的阴影，而他那一代人就是在这阴影
10、中成长起来的.我认为他的意思就是,像在军队里常听到的那句，“尽你所能，做到最好”，但我还不是很确定。多少年来，我的心一直得不到安宁，因为我时常只能做到第二，因为我还没有一所好到能让洛克菲勒的狗大小便的房子，因为父亲竖起的中指不停地训诫鞭策着我。人如果一直停留在对过去的回忆中，是很难进步的。我年轻时没有问过父亲他说的第一是什么意思.等我有足够的自信去问他时，他已经经历了那么多的变化-从一个牙医变成一个嬉皮士,再变成一个退休了的顾问，-他已经忘记了，或是努力使自己忘记了，那些星期日早上的说教。当我再提起他的那些说教时,他显得十分困惑，目光呆滞，说什么“吉尔，你在说什么啊?你想象力这么丰富应该去做演
11、员”之类的话。但我不是演员。我是个记者，是我父亲的女儿。我用了一生中很长的时间努力去做一个优秀的黑人女性，同时力争第一.明天我就要到华盛顿邮报期刊去上班了,我将是那里第一个黑人女性.困意又起的时候，我想这是不是就意味着做到了第一呢。Key to the exercisesText analysis and comprehensionText analysis and comprehension1.12,New York，15，Lynn,Stanley，Ralph,13,9,Washington D。C.，Misu2.the two sides，the head，the foot3.great/
12、big black；long,perfectly shaped;oval/vast/enormous/big；the halfmoon cuticles;the delicacy of the work;dentist;being number one;spurred4.her father had threatened to file a discrimination suit；Baptist church；the necessity to2(完整版)研究生英语综合教程参考资料be“number one”；current events;great black heroes;lousy bla
13、ck sell-outs;our responsibilityas privileged children；his personal family history;the church5.B6.A7.D8.scrambling to elevate themselves to a better life；Claude McKays poem;live and die withdignity9.paintings;carpets；a sideboard；china cabinet;Jills maternal grandmothers china andsilver；their life was
14、 not good enough compared with the rich such as Rockefeller.10.Rockefellers dog in her house；the boredom of her fathers sermon11.the failure experienced by his generation；Be all that you can be12.he forgot those Sunday morning sermons after many changes in life from dentist to hippie tolay guru13.be
15、ing number one；journalist;Washington Post magazine；it is a world famous magazine andthe first-class magazine in the industryClozeCloze1。which 2.copies 3。factors 4。In the first place 5。as 6.little7.engulfed8。suitable 9。subject 10。message 11。established 12.maintained 13.springs from14。suppressed 15.or
16、Writing ExercisesWriting ExercisesI.I.Error correctionError correction：1.1.We enjoyed almost the whole movie;only the ending was a disappointment.We enjoyed almost the whole movie;only the ending was a disappointment.,except that ,except that2.2.After criticizing both my work and my attitude,my boss
17、 fired meAfter criticizing both my work and my attitude,my boss fired me。After being criticized about After being criticized about，I was fired I was fired。3.3.As a college student constantly faced with new assignments,I find the pressure sometimesAs a college student constantly faced with new assign
18、ments,I find the pressure sometimesintolerable.intolerable.4.4.Not being reliable about arriving on timeNot being reliable about arriving on time，she cannot be hired to supervise others who are she cannot be hired to supervise others who arepunctualpunctual。Since she is notSince she is not，I I5.5.Af
19、ter an enjoyable dinnerAfter an enjoyable dinner，I like to drink a cappuccino,eat a dark-chocolate mint,and I like to drink a cappuccino,eat a dark-chocolate mint,andoccasionallyoccasionally，smoke a good cigar.smoke a good cigar.6.6.WithWith thethe fastfast developmentdevelopment ofof thethe citycit
20、y，the the riverriver isis notnot asas cleanclean nownow asas itit waswas twotwo yearsyears agoago。7.7.OneOne ofof thethe runnersrunners sufferedsuffered fromfrom heatheat exhaustion,exhaustion,soso sheshe collapsedcollapsed twotwo milesmiles fromfrom thethe finish.finish.3(完整版)研究生英语综合教程参考资料8.8.It wa
21、s a great momentIt was a great moment：after making the speech of a lifetime after making the speech of a lifetime，Catherine was chosen by the Catherine was chosen by thedelegates o lead the party into the next election.delegates o lead the party into the next election.9.9.Most working people get at
22、least a raise a yearMost working people get at least a raise a year；nevertheless,inflation often leaves them nevertheless,inflation often leaves themwith no increase in buying power.with no increase in buying power.10.10.If it is to be usefulIf it is to be useful，your report must be organized clearl
23、y,well written,and thoroughly your report must be organized clearly,well written,and thoroughlyresearchedresearched。I.I.Sentence refiningSentence refiningA)A)CombiningCombining1.Plump,round and purple，Sandors turnips impressed the judges from all over the world.2.Ronald Reagon，who governed the state
24、 of California from 1967 and 1975 and became presidentof the United States six years later，first made his name in the movies。3.Janet yelled with delight，her hear pounding and her eyes sparkling with excitement。4.Since the moon has noatmosphere,it will be a perfect place for us to study the stars wit
25、houtthe interference from atmospheric disturbance.5.Although the weather finally cleared on the morning of June 28，1969，the climbers,weariedby their efforts of the previous days,could not attempt the summit。6.Some tarantulas，with large bodies and powerful fangs,can bite hard and cause deep wounds，bu
26、t they dont attack human beings。7.Ancient Greek myths often describe the exploits of heroes who confronted threats from violentmen,evil monsters and sometimes the gods as well。8.In perhaps the most famous story of all，Athena not only guided young Telemachos during avoyage from Ithaca to Pylos,the ho
27、me of Nestor，but also helped him win the regards of Kings.Refining by eliminating wordinessRefining by eliminating wordinessId like to help,but Im too tired，poor and busy.He went to Spain to see a bullfight。Getting up at 5 A。M。and repeating the same daily routine for three weeks exhausted me。I belie
28、ve this trend can probably be turned around if we return to fundamentals in our designand introduce a few innovations in our manufacture.B)B)1.2.3.4.IIIIII。Paragraph Editing Paragraph Editing：Wang Tao，my best friend is an outgoing boy，a little older than me。He likes to smileand his smile has the pow
29、er to make people happy and confident.4(完整版)研究生英语综合教程参考资料 We first met about one year ago when I watched him playing basketball with other boys。One of them happened to get hurt in the game and couldnt play anymore；so he asked me to jointhem.However,I knew little about basketball and planned to decli
30、ne his invitation。At that moment，he said to me with a smile，“Dont worry.Just play for fun.”His smile impressed me so muchso that I got confident and joined them。Since then，we became friends and often played basketballtogether。Besides,when I had difficulties，I often asked him for help。翻译技能要略之一:翻译的标准1
31、.课题展现在他面前，涉及的内容越来越广泛,意义越来越重大。他幻想着一旦巨著完成,他将跻身于历代伟大的史学家之列，永垂史册.2.我想，我们在感知体察的时候，又何尝不是冷漠而倦怠的呢。3.他们最起码都揪心地意识到，近在眼前就有唾手可得的钱，并且相信，只要几句话说得投机，钱就到手了.4.五月中，正处于入夏前短短的过度阶段,有几天乍暖还寒的天气。一天晚上，他到艾琳家去。5.这些人惯于辣手摧花,见了野玫瑰绝不放过。可怜含苞待放的野玫瑰,在岛上才香飘一昼，爱花者正盼其盛开，却给这些人摘下来，转瞬凋谢，被扔进运河。6.6.He that is really wise can never be perplex
32、edHe that is really wise can never be perplexed。He that is really good can never be unhappy He that is really good can never be unhappy。He that is really brave is never afraid.He that is really brave is never afraid.7.7.Go ahead if you think the job suits you and dGo ahead if you think the job suits
33、 you and dont if not。ont if not。Its all up to you to decide.Its all up to you to decide.8.8.The table was groaning with good thingsThe table was groaning with good things（？（？)for the guests to eat)for the guests to eat。9.9.Measures Measures willwill bebe adoptedadopted toto enableenable sciencescien
34、ce andand technologytechnology toto playplay a a greatergreater rolerole inin increasingincreasinggrain production.grain production.10.10.Construction funds controlled by the central government will mainly be allocated to keyConstruction funds controlled by the central government will mainly be allo
35、cated to keyprojects related to national or transregional infrastructureprojects related to national or transregional infrastructure，basic and core industries.basic and core industries.11.11.HoweverHowever，when it comes to topics of the most unamusing nature,he would burst out laughing when it comes
36、 to topics of the most unamusing nature,he would burst out laughing，roaringroaring whilewhile rockingrocking inin hishis chair,chair,almostalmost tippingtipping offoff andand fallingfalling flatflat onon hishis backback，hishis AdamsAdamsapple dancing up and down in his throat and his whiskers flutte
37、ring all over his face.apple dancing up and down in his throat and his whiskers fluttering all over his face.12.12.Unless it is legally or physically impossible,the contractor shall execute and complete theUnless it is legally or physically impossible,the contractor shall execute and complete thewor
38、ksworks andand remedyremedy thethe defectsdefects thereintherein inin(strict)(strict)accordanceaccordance withwith thethe contractcontract toto thethe satisfactionsatisfactionof the engineerof the engineer。翻译技能要略之二：词义的选择一星期 20 美元是不经用的。开销总是比她预算的多。刑事案件中以精神错乱为理由进行辩护,这个问题涉及到医学、法律、伦理道德等三方面问题。如上所述，此病一旦发生，
39、就是顽症。在她们的眼皮底下,他一天天长大起来.看着他蹒跚学步,咿呀学语，逐渐懂事,她们天天都感到惊喜不已。5.忠诚的朋友是坚固的后盾；谁找到这样的朋友，就是找到了珍宝。6.许多人都想寻找一块自由自在的地方，作为他们躲避现代科学技术侵害的世外桃源。7.一个科学家在用简单的数学形式表达他的概念时，研究工作往往会出现新的关系和新的途径。这种新关1.2.3.4.5(完整版)研究生英语综合教程参考资料系和新途径如果不用数学方式表达，用文字是表达不出的。8.在 21世纪的黎明到来之际,自由的人民现在必须作出抉择,明确信息时代和全球社会的各种力量,充分发挥我国全体人民的无限潜力，实现更完善的团结统一。9.在
40、那个重大的日子里究竟穿什么衣服，我心里七上八下,老拿不定主意,因为我一方面想要仪容整齐，风度翩翩,而另一方面，我又害怕，惟恐我的穿着在斯潘娄姐妹眼里，会有损我特别讲究实际的品格.10.这种内在的情调，假如必须用语言来表达的话,可以凝结成一句战斗口号似的简短的格言或简单的理论；但那幼稚的语言是苍白无力的,因为这种情调孕育在极深的层面，非语言乃至思想所及。11.He had never expected that so many obstacles would stand in his way.12。Thats a business of their own,between the husband
41、 and the wife。Why should you get involved?13。Since we introduced the reform and the open policy，we have drawn up quite a number of rulesand regulations covering all fields and endeavour。14.The productivity improvement has been a reaction to crisis.Many companies were in difficultiesin the years of r
42、ecession in1980,1981 and 1982。They had to rationalize and modernize or die。15。Nevertheless，what should be our comprehensive assessment of the accelerated developmentin those five years？We might call it a leap，but unlike the Great Leap Forward of 1958，itdid not damage the overall development fabric a
43、nd mechanism。16.She doesnt flatter anyone in his presence nor speak ill of anyone behind his back。Consideringthese two points，she is praiseworthy.17。80%of Chinas population lives in the rural areas.There will be no social stability unlesstheir daily needs are met。18.To strengthen in unity and cooper
44、ation with other developing countries is a basic principleunderlying Chinas foreign policy。19.I bought this watch in Switzerland two years ago。It keeps good time;it never loses or gains。20.This is a wellthought-out plan。What remains now is how to carry it out.21.History provides the basis for making
45、 new progress.It is also a source of inspiration guidingour efforts to pursue a better future.22.Todays meeting was very productive.All the comrades spoke their minds and expressed theiropinions.23.But she thought that since she was all alone in the world,she couldnt just blindly fallin love.She had
46、 to weight gains and losses，advantages and disadvantages。Supplementary ReadingSupplementary ReadingNew words in ContextNew words in Context1.B 2.D 3.D 4.A 5。C 6。A 7.B 8.A 9。C 10。CTranslationTranslation吃早饭时我也挑刺儿。你把食物洒出来了；你吃东西不细嚼慢咽；你把胳膊肘放在桌子上了；你面包上的奶油摸得太厚等等。当你要去玩耍，我要赶火车时,你转过身挥挥小手喊道：“再见，爸爸.”而我却皱着眉头回答说“
47、挺起胸膛！6(完整版)研究生英语综合教程参考资料Unit TwoUnit Two大学生的压力大学生的压力美国人不太宣扬的权利之一就是失败的权利。当一个人有所成就，他就会像国家之神一般得到我们媒体的尊重-能挣百万美元的运动员，有钱的行政高管-他会在我们对他财富的赞赏声中戴上荣誉的光环.我们国家的年轻人就是在这样一个强大的信仰中成长起来的.我认为,当今的大学生面临着四种压力：经济压力,来自父母的压力,同伴间竞争的压力和自己施加的压力。压力产生的原因并不难找，-你可以怪大学的收费太高，怪教授们布置的作业太多，怪父母对孩子的期望太高，怪学生们对自己的要求太严格.但实际上没有坏人，只有受害人。“20 世
48、纪 60 年代后期,”一位系主任对我说,“学生们问我的典型问题是为什么这个世界上的苦难这麽多？或者我该做点什么贡献？而今天则变成你认为我是争取历史和政治的双学位，还是只学其中一门，对我进法学院更有利呢?”许多其他的系主任也有同感。其中一位说，“他们试图找到一种优势-一种无形的东西，能让他们在面临势均力敌的竞争对手时在书面材料上显得更好.”注意他们强调的是显得更好。于是成绩单变成一份神圣的文件，一张通向成功的通行证.一个人在书面材料上所显示的能力比他的实际能力更重要。成绩单上的 A 是令人称赞的，而 B 则是底线,尽管在耶鲁大学的官方评分体制中，A 表示“优秀”，而 B 表示“非常好”。如今，看
49、上去非常好已经不够了，特别是对那些希望进入法学院或医学院的学生们来说.他们知道进到更好的学院就意味着将来进更好的律师事务所和更好的医疗机构，能挣更多的钱。他们也知道进好的学院的比率很低，比如，耶鲁法学院从 3700 名申请者中只录取 170 名；哈佛则从 7000 名申请者中只录取 550 名。我们可以在为学生们写推荐信时,强调他们的人文素质能使他们成为优秀的律师或医生。假设我们相信招聘官们确实看了我们的推荐信，也注意到了学生相关的特别优势。然而，对学生而言,他们仍然很难不想象当录取官员们看到那么多分数为 A 的成绩单时难免会认为 B 不是一个好的分数.对于那些只是想毕业，然后找份工作的学生来
50、说，压力几乎同样沉重。以前信奉及格万岁的年代一去不复返了.那时，学生整个大学时光都过得比较悠闲，他们广泛地尝试各种课程-音乐，艺术，哲学，古典文学，人类学，诗歌,宗教-这些课程使他们成为真正的受过教育的人。如果我是老板，我就会雇佣这些兴趣广泛的毕业生，而不是那些只追求少数几门容易拿到高分课程的学生。我认识无数爱问问题的学生，他们刨根问底的精神让我欣喜，我喜欢听他们天马行空地表达自己的想法.我不知道他们的分数是 A 还是 C，我也不在乎这些。我就是喜欢他们这些人.这个国家需要他们，他们也将找到满意的工作.我对他们说，过得轻松一点，但是他们不能。我也不责备他们.他们处在这么一个无情的经济形势下。现