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1、高考英语专题讲练测讲义集：（教师版）专题7虚拟语气和情态动词一、【专项直击】【考情分析】英语中常用的情态动词主要有 can, could, may, might, must, will, would, shalh should, ought to, dare, need, used to, had better等。在学习情态动词时应注意以下几点：同一情态 动词表示不同的意义的情况；情态动词后跟各种形式的用法；特别是注意“情态动词+完成 式”是高考中的重点所在。高考中的虚拟语气一般与情态动词结合进行考查。每年高考试题 中都会出现一定的题目。【知识要点】虚拟语气一、语气的定义和种类I .语气（mo
2、od）语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。2.语气的种类1）陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些 感叹句。如:There are two sides to every queslion.每个问题都有两个方面。Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗？How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊！2）祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如：Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。Dont forget to turn off the li
3、ght.别忘了 关灯。3）虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测 等。如：If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。May you succeed!祝您成功！二、简单句中的虚拟语气.情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气， 常用于日常会话中。如：Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post
4、 office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。1 .表祝愿1）常用“may+动词原形”表示“祝愿，但愿”，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）如：May good luck be yours!祝你好运！May you do cvc n better!祝你取得更大成就！May you have a good lime.祝愿你玩得痛快。May the friendship between us last long.祝愿我们的友情天长地久。May you be happy.（注意
5、 be）祝你幸福。2）用动词原形,如：【例题 4】一 could I use your computer to send an email?一 Yes-of course you.A. might B. could C. can D. should【解题指导】常见的情态动词的用法也是高考考查情态动词的热点之一。要想做好该类题bl, 首先要掌握这些情态动词的基本用法，然后在做题时根据具体的语境确定正确的答案。【解析】Co问句“Could I use your computer to send an email?”是在征求对方的准许，其中的 could并不是指过去，而是表示委婉语气。答语“Yes”
6、表明是给予准许，故用can表示许可。【例题 5 】一 Here is your book, madam.There be a mistake. I have never ordered a book from this shop.A. may B. can C. must D. should【解题指导】must的意思取决于它用于肯定句还是否定句，must在肯定句中表”必须，一 定”(表示义务、意图或建议)。must还可以表示“偏要”(表示与说话人愿望相反)。解题时要结 合语境进行判断。【解析】Co根据“I have never ordered a book from this shop.”可以
7、推出,前一句应是表达“ 肯定是出错了“。因此答案为C。【例题 6 May I have a smoke here?一 No you because there are children here。A. neednt B. mustnt C. wont D. dont have to【解题指导】musi在否定句中表“不许“。【解析】Bo问句“May I have a smoke here?”是在征求对方的准许。结合答语No可以判断 出，此处应是表达“不允许”之意。因此用musin虚拟语气的用法【1列题 7 】The housemaster was strict. He requested tha
8、t we television on weeknights.A. not watch B. must not to watch . C. not be watching D. have not watched 【解题指导】1. “should+动词原形”型虚拟语气：(I)在suggest, demand, in-sist, ask等表示建议、命令、请求的动词后的宾语从句中，从句 的谓语用”(should+)动词原形”：(2)在表示建议、要求、命令等的名词advice, idea, order, demand等后面的表语从句和同 位语从句中,谓语动词用”(should+)动词原形”。2.虚拟语气
9、在wish后的宾语从句中的用法。动词wish后接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用虚 拟语气。若表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时；若表示与过去事实相反的 愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时；若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用“would/ could+动词原形”。【解析】A。request的意思是“要求”，其后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用”(shouki+) 动词原形”，故答案为A。【例题 8】He was so busy doing his experiments in physics otherwise he you much help.A. would have given B
10、. would give C. will give D. gave【解题指导】本题的解题关键是弄清含蓄型虚拟语气的用法。含蓄型虚拟语气，即当用but for, without等词(短语)来代替条件状语从句或者用otherwise等表示与上下文所指的情况不同时， 要用虚拟语气。【解析】Ao这是一个含蓄型的虚拟语气。句中用otherwise表示与上文所指的情况不同， 因而应用虚拟语气。olherwise 在此句中相当于he had not been so busy doing his experiments in physics”,故答案为 A。例题9 If sheharder, she woul
11、d have succeeded.A. worked B. work C. had worked D. would work【解题指导】虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法：1 .表示与现在事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式（be动词的过去式用 were）”,而主句中的谓语动词用“would / should / could / might+动词原形”。2 .表示与过去事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中的谓语 动词则用“would / should / might / could+have+过去分词”。3 .表示与将来事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词
12、用一般过去时或“should（wcrc t0）+动词原形”，而主句中的谓语动词则用“would / should / could / might+动词原形”。4 .当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根 据它所表示的时间作相应的调整。【解析】C。此题考查条件状语从句中的虚拟语气。根据主句的谓语“would have succeeded 可知，此处表示与过去事实相反，因此条件从句用过去完成时。三、【考点在线】虚拟语气考点透析考点一、虚拟语气的基本用法.与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语+动词的一般过去时（be动词用were） + 其他成分+if+sh
13、ould/would/could.+动词原形+其他成分。例如：If it were not for the fact that she sing, I would invite her to the party.A.couldntB.shouldnt C.cant D.might not解析句意为：如果不是因为她不会唱歌的事实，我会邀请她来参加那次聚会的。that从句 为同位语从句，描述的是事实，用陈述语气。正确答案为C。1 .与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语+动词的过去完成时+其他成分 +if+should/would/could.+have done+其他成分。例如：If the
14、 weather had been better, we coukl have had a picnic.But it all day.A.rainedB.rainsC.has rained D.is raining解析句意为：如果天气好的话，我们是能够去野餐的，但是下了一天的雨。句子前半部分 陈述的是与过去事实相反的事情，所以用了虚拟语气。“下了一天的雨”是事实，所以用陈述 语气。因为是发生在过去的事实，所以正确答案为A。2 .与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语+动词的一般过去时/should do/were to do+ 其他成分+if+should/would/could.+动词
15、原形+其他成分。例如：If I plan to do anything I want lo, Id like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it aspossible.A.wouldB.could C.had to D.ought to解析句意为：如果我能够计划做我想做的事情，我想去西藏并且尽可能多玩一些地方。句 子描述的是与将来事实相反的事情，所以正确答案为B。考点二、含蓄虚拟条件句这样的虚拟句不含有if从句，而是以but for/without/or/otherwise等引导的句子代替if从句, 主句的谓语动词的形式与前面虚拟语气
16、的基本用法相同。例如：Thank you for all your hard work last week.I don,t think wc it without you.A.can manage B.could have managedC.could managed D.can have managed解析由语境可知这里要表达的意思是：如果没有你们辛勤的工作，我们不可能处理好这件 事。很显然，这是对过去发生的事实的虚拟，所以要用could have done,故应选B。考点三、主从句时间不一致的虚拟条件句在有些虚拟条件句中，主从句时间不一致，应根据不同情况区别对待。例如：Its hard f
17、br me to imagine what 1 would be doing today if 1 in love, at the age of seven,with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.A.wouldnt have fallenB.had not fallenC.should fall D.were to fall解析句意为：如果不是我在七岁时爱上家乡的Melinda Cox图书馆的话，很难想象今天的 我会是什么样子。主句描述的是与现在事实相反的事情，从句描述的是与过去事实相反的事 情。正确答案为B。考点四、名词性从句中的虚拟语气在含
18、有表示坚持、建议、命令、要求等含义的名词性从句和在it做形式宾语或形式主语的 复合句中，宾语补足语是necessaiy/strange/essential/natural/a pity/a shame等表示“惊奇、惋惜 或者理应如此”等含义时，从句中的谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”，其中should可以省略。 例如：Dont you think it necessary that he to Miami but to New York?I agree but （he problem is he has refused to.A.will not be sent： that B.not
19、be sent： thatC.should not be sent； what D.should not send； what解析问句句意为：难道你不认为必须把他送到迈阿密而不是纽约吗？句子表示理应如此的 意思。正确答案为B。考点五、wish/if only/would rather从句中的虚拟语气具体说来其基本结构为：wish/if only/would rathcr+主语+动词一般过去时（表示与现在事实 相反，其中be动词用were） /动词过去完成时（表示与过去事实相反）/would+动词原型（表 示与将来事实相反）。例如：Look at the trouble Im in, if on
20、ly I your advice!A.followedB.would followC.had followed D.should follow解析句意为：看我目前的困境，要是我听你的建议就好了。其描述的是与过去事实相反的 事情。正确答案为C。情态动词考点透析考点一、情态动词基本含义的考查情态动词的基本含义，一直是高考考查的重要内容。例如：1. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone get out. A. had to B.would C. was able to D. could【解析】考查情态动词的基本含义。h
21、ad to：不得不；would：表示意愿或过去常常；could 倾向于表示经过长期训练而获得的能力；was able to表示经过努力而能够做到的事或成功地 做了某事。因此，答案是C。2. When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.They be ready by 12:00.A. can B. should C. might D. need【解析】can：能够；should:应该，表示责任、义务。Might：可能；need：需要。它们应该 在12点前准备好。所以，答案是B。3. You cani imagin
22、e that a well-behaved gentleman be so rude to a lady .A. might B. need C. shouldD. would【解析】should表示说话人感情，如惊奇、愤怒、失望等。在此句中表示说话人一种惊奇 的语气。句意为：你不可能想象出体面的绅士竟然对一位女士那么粗鲁。答案是Co 分析：高考对情态动词基本含义的考杳，仍然集中在常用的情态动词上。对常用情态动词的 含义，要掌握的既准确乂要全面，特别是shall, should, can, may四个常用情态动词的含义较 多，不易理解，复习时应当引起重视。二、情态动词表示推测的考查对情态动词表
23、示推测的用法，是高考考查情态动词的一个重要方面。例如：1. Sorry, Im late. I have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again .A. might B. should C. can D. will【解析】might have done :（过去）可能做过某事：shouldhave done :本应该做某事。根据本句 提供的情境Im late表明说话人可能把闹钟关上了。答案是：A。2. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon,so
24、 he your lecture.A. couldnt have attended B. neediVt have attendedC. mustnt have attended D. shouldnt have attended【解析】couldnt have done:（过去）不可能做某事；neednt have done:本来不必做某事；mustnt have done:一定未做过某事：shouldnt have done:本不该做某事。根据提供的情境My sister met him at the Great Theatre表明他不可能参加讲座。答案是:A。3. Mr Bush is
25、on time for everything. How it be that he was late for the opening ceremony?A. can B. should C. may D. must【解析】can表示可能性。布什先生按时做一切事，他怎么可能开幕式迟到呢？答案是：A。4.1 heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter?It true because there was little snow there.A. may not be B. wont beC. couldnt be D. mustnt be【
26、解析】may not be :可能不是;wont be：不会是:couldnt be：不可能是;mustnt be ：定不是。根据提供情境there .was little snow说明山里滑雪是件不可能的事，may not语 气不如couldnt强。答案是：Co分析：高考对表示推测的情态动词集中在must, can, could, may, might上，准确掌握它们使用 的场合，是解决问题的关键。Must用于肯定陈述句，表示肯定推测；can,could用于疑问或 否定陈述句，表示可能性推测；may, might用于陈述句，表示可能性推测：用于否定陈述句 中，cant （不可能）的语气比ma
27、y not （可能不）强。此外,还要注意有对过去和对现在两 种情况的推测，对过去推测用情态动词+have done ,对现在推测用情态动词+动词原形。 三、情态动词表示虚拟的考查情态动词+have+过去分词表示与过去事实上相反的情况，也是高考单项选择题涉及到情态 动词的一个重要方面。1. There was a lot of fiin at yesterdays party. You come, but why didnt you?A. must have B. shouldC. need have D. ought to have【解析】oughl lo have done表示本来应该做某事
28、而实际没做，should do表示现在应该做某 事,与题中at yesterdays party表示的时间不一致。所以选D。2.1 was really anxious about you. You home without a word.（NMET,33）A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have leftC. couldnt have left D. neednl leave【解析】shouldn, have done表示本来不应该做而实际上做了。句意为：你不应该不说一句 话就离开家，而实际上是没说一句话就离开家了。答案是：Ba3.0h, Tm not feeling
29、 well in the stomach. I so much fried chicken just now.A. shouldnt cat B. mustnt have eatenC. shouldnt have eaten D. mustnt eat【解析 1该句所表达的意思是刚才我不因该吃那么多炸鸡，而实际上是吃了那么多，可以判 shouldnt have eaten.答案是 Co分析：高考对情态动词表示虚拟用法，表示与过去事实相反的情况。近几年高考，主要侧 重should (not) have done这一句式上，表示本来不该做却做了或本来该做却未做的事， 在复习时，还应关注其它几种虚
30、拟形式，如need (not)have done表示本来需要做而未做或本 来不需要而做的事等等，以做到有备无患。考点四、情态动词与助动词混合考查.Tom ,you didn,t come to the party last night?I, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do .(NMET 全国卷 II, 20)A. had to B. didnt C. was going to D. wouldnt【解析】had to:不得不;didnt:没来；was going to：打算来；wouldnt:不愿来。句意：汤姆，昨晚你没来参加舞会吗
31、？ 我本打算来，但我突然记起有作业要做。Bui是关键词， 所以答案是：Co.Your phone number again? I quite catch it.Ifs86184867.A. didnt B. couldn,t C. dont D. canl【解析】记住电话号码并非难事，未完全听清楚电话号码并非能力的事，此处只是说没有完 全听清楚电话号码，所以，应选A。四、【易错点睛】易错角度1情态动词的词汇义辨析1 .Helen _ go on (he trip with us, but she isnt quite sure yet.A. shall B. must C. mayD. can
32、【错解】D【纠错心得】这里表示“能够”的can。根据后文“她还不是很肯定”，那么应当是不肯定 的语气may 了。【答案】CI often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I _ report it to the police5?.A. should B. may C. willD. can【错解】D【纠错心得】本题的解题思路要从情态动词本身的意义和用法开始。按照情景，在空房子 里看到灯光，是一件奇怪而令人生疑的事，所以会问:你是否认为我应当把这事情报告给警 察?强调“应该”,所以用should.【答案】A易错角度2情态动词对话情景中的用
33、法1 .Lucy doesnt mind lending you her dictionary.She.Ive already borrowed one.A. musntB. may not C. canlD. neednt【错解】A【纠错心得】前句是说“Lacy不介意把字典借给你用”，后者说“我已经借了一本“，所以 是没有必要了，填neednt符合语境。【答案】C.I dont mind telling you what I know.You. Tm not asking you for it.A. muslntB. may not C. cantD. neednt【错解】A【纠错心得】前句
34、话说:我不介意告诉你我所知道的事情。后句说:你没有必要告诉我，我 并没有向你问此事:、因此，是没有必要neednt,而不是禁止的mustnt【答案】D易错角度3情态动词+have+过去分词结构I.The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned. 一Oh, dear ! She _ a lot of difficulties !A. may go throughmight go throughB. ought to have gone throughmust h
35、ave zone through【错解】C或A【纠错心得】按照语境是对过去可能发生事情的一种猜测，而表示现在的事情。选项C表 示“应该做的事情而没有做”的责备。【答案】D.r 11 tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.Youher last week.A. ought to tellB. would have told C. must tellD. shouldhave told【错解】B或A【纠错心得】句意为:你上个星期就应该告诉她的。表示对过去应该做的事情但没有做的一 种责备，那么只有D项符合了。【答案】D.I stayed at a hotel wh
36、ile in New York.一Oh,did you? Youwith Barbara.A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stayD. must havestayedD【纠错心得】题干中did you这个信息说明了是一个表示疑问语气的句子，而D项是表示 对过去事实的肯定推测，所以是错误的。could have done表示“应该（可以）做的但是没有做”， 符合语境。【答案】A易错角度4虚拟语气的一些特殊句式1. If I plan to do anything I wanted to do, Id like to go Tibet and
37、 travel through as much ofif as possible.A. would B. could C. had to D. ought to【错解】A【纠错心得】受if条件虚拟语气的影响，会误选A,根据句意，如果“能够的话”，当用 could更符合语境。【答案】B2.You didnt let me drive. If wc_turn, youso tired.A. drove; didnt get B. drove; wouldnt get C. were driving; wouldnt get D. had driven; wouldnt have got【错解】A【
38、纠错心得】主句、从句两个部分都表示与过去事实相反。【答案】D专家会诊虚拟语气中的几种特殊情况.if省略句在条件句中，可省略if把were, had, should提到句首，变为倒装句式。如果谓语动词是否 定形式时，不能用动词的缩略形式。例如：Should it (If it should) rain tomorrow; we would not go fishing.Were it not (if it were not)the expense, I would go abroad now.(不能用 werent).在would rather后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气形式用动词的过去式，在It
39、is(hish) time (that)- 句型中，从句中的谓语动词用过去式，或should +动词原形，但should不能省略。例如： It is high time that you went to school.It is high time we should start out.I would rather they didnt hear of the news.1 .在口语中，虚拟语气的省略情况口语中，虚拟语气的省略情况要注意。如果是一般过去时，只保留did, could, were等助动 词、情态动词或系动词如果是过去完成时，要保留had：如果是过去将来时，要保留would /m
40、ight.同时还要注意被动情况。例如：一Have you found the answer to the question?I wish I had( found the answer to the question).I cant go to Beijing with you, but I wish I would (go to Beijing with you).一Have you finished your homework?I would have ( finished my homework) if I had not gone to the cinema last night.Th
41、e liitle boy who dark the poison by mistake died if he had been sent to the hospital earlier.Well, he should have been (sent to the hospital earlier).2 .ifonly 和 only if 句型if only可以用来表示对现在或未来的愿望，也可以表示与过去事实相反的愿望。例如：If only I could swim.(现在的愿望)If only they would tell me what (hey have decided.(将来的愿望)I
42、f only they had remembered to buy some fruit just now.(与过去事实相反的愿望)(2)onlyif用于句首，后接从句主谓倒装，意思是“只要，只有，例如I:Only if the red light comes on is there any. danger to employees.Only if a teacher has given permissionis a student allowed to enter this room.五、【高考母题】.(高考英语江苏卷)George is going to talk about the ge
43、ography of his country, but I d rather he more on its culture.A.focusB.focusedC.would focus D.had focused【答案】B【解析】本题考察虚拟语气的用法。would rather后应用虚拟语气，表示与现在时间相反， 用动词的过去式。1 .（高考英语上海卷）一Sorry, Professor Smith. I didnt finish the assignment yesterday.Oh, you have done it as yesterday was the deadline.A. must
44、B. mustntC. shouldD. shouldnt【答案】C【解析】本题考查的是虚拟语气。此处表示和过去事实相反的情况，应该用should + have + 过去分词。本来应该做，而未做.（高考英语浙江卷）Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy .A. would have been savedB. had been savedC. will be savedD. was saved【答案】A【解析】本题考查虚拟语气。根据句子的倒装特征判断此处是省略了 if的虚拟语气，原形 是：
45、If I had known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy .故选 择A。句意为：如果我早知道这个电脑程序，就可以节省大量的时间和精力了。2 .（高考英语天津卷）John went （o the hospital alone.If heme about it, I would have gone with him.A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told【答案】D【解析】考察虚拟语气。句意为“约翰自己去医院了。如果他告诉我这件事情，我就会和他 一起去去医院
46、。根据句意可知主从句都是对过去发生事实的一种意愿表达，采用虚拟语气， 所以从句采用have done的结构，故选D。3 .（高考英语陕西卷）If wethe other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。所填词做虚拟语气中条件状语从句的谓语，根据主句的谓语动词形 式mighlhav.e arrived可知题干是与过去事实相反，故所填部分用had+过去分词形式，选B。 6.（高考英语湖南卷）If hem
47、y advice, he wouldn,t have lost his job.A. followedB. should follow C. had followed D. would follow【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据wouldn t have lost”可判断if引导的状语从句表示与过去 事实相反的虚拟，故选C项。7.（高考英语北京卷）-The weather has been very hot and dry.-Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetab
48、les .A. wouldnt dieB. didnt dieC. hadnt diedD. wouldnt have died【答案】D【解析】考察虚拟语气。句意为：“一一天气是又热又干燥一一是的。如果下雨就算是 一滴的话，现在也许就会好很多！我的蔬菜也就不会干死了。”由句意可知此处是一种虚拟， 表示与过去事实相反的假设，故主句用would/could/might/should+have done,即D项正确。 8.（高考英语江苏卷）一I haven t got the reference book yet. but I, II have a （est on the subject next month.-Don t worry. You have it by Friday.A. could B. shall C