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1、初中英语中考总复习综合知识归纳系列第10辑（共20辑）课文中的基本句型1. S+V此句型的特点是:谓语动词是不及物动词，本身能表达完 整的意思，后面不需跟宾语，但有时可跟副词、介词短语等作状 语。如：He laughed.John has read widely.He lives in London.2. S+V+0此句型的特点是:谓语动词是及物动词，不能表达完整 的意思，必须跟有一个宾语。如：Our team beat all the others.3. S+V+P此句型的特点是:谓语动词是连系动词,不能表达完整 的意思，必须加上一个表明主语特征、身份、状态的表语。常见 的系动词有：be （
2、是），become （成为），get （变得），turn （变 得）,grow（变得），look（看起来），feel （感到），smell （ H 起 来）,taste （尝起来），sound （听起来），seem （似乎），keep （保 持），stay（保持）等。如：The rose smells sweet.4. S+V+INO+DO此句型的特点是：谓语动词跟有两个宾语，这两It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. LIt was they that (wh
3、o ) cleaned the classroom yesterday. JXBIt was in the street that I met her father. 5/L2. It is not until + 被强调部分 + that该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语”直 到.才.,可以说是not . . until .的强调形式。 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star, y=Not until she took off her d
4、ark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star. 9% _5=I didn t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses. MI_3. It is clear ( obvious, true, possible, certain.) thatr该句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从 句，常译为”清楚(显然，真的，肯定.)”是主语从句最 常见的一种结构。fMxzIt is very clear that he s roun
5、d and tall like a tree.1W = That he s round and tall like a tree is very clear.4. It is important ( necessary, right, strange, natural.) that . E|Qul该句型和上一个同属一个句型。由于主句中的形容词不同， that后的从句中要用虚拟语气(should +动词原形)，should 可以省去。建议记住该句型中的形容词。，：It is important that we (should) learn English well. )CXIt is neces
6、sary that he (should) remember these words. 5V 5. It is said (reported, learned.) that 2该句型中的it仍是形式主语，真正主语是that引导的主 语从句。该结构常译为”据说(据报道，据悉7 It is said that he has come to Beijing. 4 It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit. zEIt is suggested ( ordered )that 二kI该句型和上一个同属一个句型。
7、主句中的过去分词是表示请 求，建议，命令等词时，that后的从句要用虚拟语气(should +动词原形)，should可以省。常译为”据建议；有命令.) It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off. t, oIt was ordered that we ( should ) arrive there in two hours. 旷6. It is a pity ( a shame )that U!* 该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气(should +动词原形), should可省去.表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然“。没有这种
8、意 义时，则不用虚拟语气。，血It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class. _ 这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！。It is a pity that he is ill.他生病了，真遗憾！ 0)zIt is time ( about time , high time ) that . b该句型中that后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是 常用过去时态表示虚拟.有时也用should +动词原形， should不能省。常译为”是(正是).的时侯。|B)It is time that children shoul
9、d go to bed. s 二 It is time that children went to bed. $0$r7. It is the first ( second )time that o_%该句型要和上一个句型区别开来。该句型中的that从句不 用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓 语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时 态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中 that可以省去；it有时用this替换.常译为”是第一(二)次.OIt is the first time I have been here. 7%-= This i
10、s the first time I have been here. X!zIt is . since ？该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时，又要和表示一段时 间的时间状语连用的问题。主句中是时间作表语，其时态是现在 时或完成时，since引导的从句通常是一般过去时态，而且是瞬 间动词。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。It is ( has been ) 5 years since his father died.It is . when该句型中的when引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的 it指时间，表语由具体的时间充当。常译为”当.的时候， 是. o lzIt was 5 o c
11、lock when he came here, f%8. It be before . Fi该句型主句中的it指时间，主句中的时态常是将来一般 时或过去时两种时态.主句中的表语多是long, not long , 3 days , 2 weeks等表示时间段的词或短语。常译为”.之 后.o %r?It was 3 days before he went to Beijing. 9VIt will be not long before he finishes his job. bXlxw)9. It happens (seems, looks, appears ) that. /TO该句型中it
12、是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen , seem等词是不及物动词It happened ( so happened ) that he met his teacher in the street.碰巧. zIt seems that he will be back in a few days. 看来. rb #e该句型中的不定式是真正的主语，it是形式主语，句型中 的直接宾语是时间。常译为”做.要花费某人.”。Z$It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall, b) 2#9该句型中的真正主语
13、是动名词短语，主句中的表语可以是 no good , ( not any good ) , no use , ( not any use )。 N It is no good learning English without speaking English. Pe16. It doesn, t matter whether ( if ) . 817D;该句型中whether (if)引导的从句是真正主语，该句型常 译为不论(是否).没关系.。 Es It doesn t matter if they are old. A#5 17. It is kind ( of sb. ) to do s
14、th. +1R p3该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由 of引起，主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。 常见的有： bad , brave , careless, clever , cruel , foolish , good (好心的)，honest , horrible , kind , lazy , modest , naughty , nice （有教养的）,polite, rude , silly , stupid , wise , wrong （错误的）等。这个句型可以改写为：sb. is kind to do sth. 0&-It is kind
15、 of you to say so. z= You are kind to say so. 8.?u=该句型及上一个同属一个句型。如果不定式的逻辑主语是由 for引起，主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程 度，难易，安全等情况的形容词。常见的形容词有：important, necessary, natural easy , safe , common , normal , hard , difficult , dangerous , unusual, rare , impossible , pleasant 等。 x/在中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写，如： 0It is import
16、ant for her to come to the party, y=It is important that she （should ） come to the partyiu（rO 19. It looks （ seems ） as if . C U-10该句型中it无意义。as if引导一个状语从句。常译为，” 看起来好象.”如果及事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气.e It looks as if he is ill.（真的病了）XIt looks as if he were ill.（没有生病）+yIt seemed as if he were dying. #gP20. We think
17、 it important to learn a foreign language., rr 该句型中的it作形式宾语。为了记忆方便我们可称该句型 为6123结构。6指主句中常用的动词：think, believe, make, find, consider, feel； o5$How cold it is!【中考试题范例】.（上海徐汇区中考试题） useful computer it is!A. What B. What a C. What an D. How答案：Bo该题考查的是感叹句的结构。这个感叹句的中心词 是一单数可数名词computer,所以要用what来修饰，又因为 useful
18、第一个发音是辅音，what之后的不定冠词用a,而不用 an。1 .（嘉兴市中考试题）is it from Jiaxing to Hangzhou?1 m not sure, but it takes about ninety minutes toget there by bus.A. How many B. How often C. How much D. How far 答案：Do该题考查的是特殊疑问句疑问词的选择。问话者是 在问距离，所以应用how far来提问。2 .（河北省中考试题） will it take us to get there by bus?About two hours
19、.A. How soon B. How often C. How long D. How quick 答案：Co该题考查的是特殊疑问句疑问词的选择。问话者是 在问时间，所以应用how long来提问。3 .（长沙市中考试题）Help! There is a snake near the house. afraid. It will go away later.A. Don t B. Not C. Don t be D. Be答案：C。该题考查的是祈使句的结构。祈使句的否定结构是: “Don t （Never） +动词原形+其他成分”符合这一要求的只有C。基本句型训练一.单项填空1. Excus
20、e me, is the nearest bookshop?Go down the street and turn left at the second corner.A. how B. what C. where D. who2.is it from our school to the Bell Tower?About half an hour s bus ride. Shall we go and visit it?A. How long B. How often C. How far D. How muchLinda had nothing for breakfast this morn
21、ing,9No. She got up too late.A. had she B. hadn t she C. did she D. didn t sheThe room is so dirty. we clean it?Of course.A. Will B. Would C. Do D. Shall, sir?Size 41, I thinkA. What size do you need B. What can I do for youC. How do you like this shirt D. What s the matter with you good weather! Wh
22、y not go out for a walk?A. What B. How C. What a D. How aIt s a nice car. have you been in it?Just to Shanghai.A. How much B. How long C. How soon D. How far to the United States?No, never, but I went to Canada a few years ago.A. Have you beenB. Have you goneC. Did you goD. Will you go3. were you aw
23、ay from school last year?About two weeks.A. How often B. How soon C. How long D. When do you want?I want a CD of popular songs.A. Which CDB. How many CDsC. What CDD. How much4. is your mother, a teacher or a doctor?A. What B. Which C. Who D. whose is your mother today, Jim?She is much better.A. How
24、B. What C. Where D. How oldhe at this school last term?Yes, I think so.A. DidstudyB. Does*eestudyC. Was*studyD. Dide*studied5. did you begin to learn English?Three years ago.A. When B. Why C. Where D. What句子是语言交流或表达思想感情的基本单位。要翻译好句子, 做好书面表达,就必须首先掌握句子的基本结构。句型1:主语+谓语（状语）要点精讲在这个句型中，谓语动词是不及物动词，后面不接宾 语，没有
25、被动语态。但副词、介词短语、名词短语等可以作状语 来表示动作发生的频率、原因、结果、目的、场所、时间等。在 使用该句型时,要特别注意谓语动词的时态、人称和数的变化以 及各种句型之间的相互转换等。方法平移根据汉语提示完成下面的句子：1 .他既不会跳舞，也不会唱歌。He can2 .天黑了，你最好回家。It s dark now. You d better.我认为他能跳三米远。I think he canKey: 1. neither dance nor sing 2. go home 3. jump as far as three metres句型2:主语+系动词+表语要点精讲常见的系动词有：b
26、e, look, seem, appear, sound, feel, taste, smell, grow, get, fall, become, turn 等。在 此句型中，系动词不是主语发出的动作,表语常由名词、形容词、6. do you write to your pen-friend?Once a week.A. How long B. How soon C. How far D. How often nice flowers! Where did you pick them?A. How B. What C. What a D. How a7. The sick man s allowed to take a walk in the garden every day, ?A. is he B. isn t he C. has he D. hasn t hecross the road before