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1、not s o mu c ha s (but)与其说还不如说2. not so mu c h thatas (b u t) that与其说还不如说3. not so m u ch a s (=not even)甚至于不,连也不4. migh t as wella s 与其说还不如说例 1: He i s not so much a t eacher as a s c h o 1 a r .译文:与其说他是老师,还不如说是学者.(注意翻译时动作的对象)例 2: It wasnt so much his app earancellikedas his per s onality.译文:与其说我喜欢
2、他的外表,不如说我喜欢他的品格。例 3: 11 6 no t s o much that I d o nt want t o come b u t I just haven* t got the time.译文:倒不是由于我不想来,而是我主线没有时间。例 4: He d i dn* t so much a s say t h a nk you aft er a I 1 we d d one for h i m.译文:我们为他干了那么多事,他其至连谢谢都没有说一声。例 5 :You m i ght as we 1 1 thr ow you r mo ney into the sea as len
3、d it to him.译文:与其将钱借给他,还不如把钱丢进大海。(注意翻译时动作的对象)例 3 : M o re and more Afro-Am e r i ca n s s ee him a s a trick y e nem y who h as no m o re love fo r t hem than h e ha s f o r the Congolese.译文:越来越多的美国黑人结识到他是个诡计多端的敌人。他仇视美国黑人,正像他仇视刚果人民同样。(直译:,他不爱美国黑人,正像他不爱刚果 人同样。)注释:notany more th an 是 no moret han 的-种强
4、调形式.例如:1. Jack is no more intel 1 igenl th a n J o hn. ( = J ack is not inlellig e n t any mo r e t han John.)杰克与约翰同样都不聪明。2. A ma n c an no m o re f ly t han a bird can speak. (=A man c a n n ot fly any m o re than a bird can sp e ak.)人不会飞翔,就像 日不会说话同样。3. As a n a t i on, the Fr e n c h are no more o
5、ag e r to 1 earn abou t their wart i mo fa i lings than are the Japa n e s e. (=As a nation, the Fr e n c h a re not eag e r to learn a bo u t their wartime failings any more than are t h e J a p a n e s e .)作为一个国家,法国正如日本同样不积极地从他们的故争失败中吸取教训。上述例句表白,no morethan并不表达比较,而是表达比方,具有比方意义的比较级用于否认期,t ha n后面的从句
6、不用否认式,但译成汉语时 要用否认式。而与上述句型意义相反的是:n。lessthan.意为:“和同样是 .例如:Human is no less a n anim a 1 t han a monk e y i $ ,人和猴都是动物。而no 1 ess than的意思为:“简直是,实在是“,例如:1. 1 t is no less than blackmail t o a sk such a high p ric e.如此索要高价,简直是敲诈.2. I t is no less tha n a s c and a 1.这实在是一件丑闻。no t near 1 y (=b y n o m e a
7、n s, far from)远不例 1: The foo d s u pply will not in crease n e a rly en o u g h to m a tc h t h is, which mean s that we a re heading i n to a cri s i s in the m a tter o f produc i n g an d marketi n g fo o d .译文:食品供应将远远赶不上人口的增长,这就意味着我们在粮食的生产和购俏方面正面临危机。注:Lthis是指上面提到的“到21世纪初世界人口将增长到6 0亿或70亿”。2.又如:Th
8、e r e ar e n o t nearl y c noug h p e ople he r e to do the job.(这里的人手远远不够承担这项工作。)“更不用说”的表达法:much 1 esssti 1 1 less以上两短语引导的词组或从句,表达一种追加的否认,less是由little的比较级,所以这两个词组只能用于否认句中,可译为“更不用说,更不必t o say nothing 0 fnot t o speak o fnot to m e nt i onlet alone这四个词组也意为“更不用说”,也是一种追补的说法。但它们与much less和siill I e s s有
9、所不同。这些词组可以随前一句的意思而定,即前 一句是肯定,则追加的也是肯定意义:假如前一句是否认,则追加的是否认意义例 1 :1 could not a g r ee to, m u ch 1 e ss part i cipate i n sue h pro ceed i n g s .译文:我不能批准这种行为,更谈不上参与这些行动例 2 : He k n o ws 1 it t 1 g of math ematics, a nd still less o f c h omi s t r y.译文:他几乎不懂数学,更不用说化学了。例 3: 1 did not even see him, sti
10、ll les s (= mu ch less) s h ake ha n d s wit h h i m.译文:我看也没仃看见过他,哪里还谈得上同他握手呢?例 4: I n old China, here was h ar d ly any machin e -bu i Idi n g ind u s t ry. to say nothi n g o f an electron i c indus t ry.译文:在旧中国,几乎没有什么机器制造工业,更不用说电子工业/0例 5 : Sally t ak e s singing a n d da n cing lesso n s, to sa y
11、 n othi n g of sw i nim i ng and tennis 1 e ssons.洋文:莎莉学了唱歌和舞蹈课,并且还学了游泳和网球课。例 6:A t t h at time th e y cou 1 d no t a f f or d the ord in a ry comforts o f life, not to s peak o f luxurie s .译文:那时他连普通生活都不能维持,更不要说奢侈品了。例 7: They have three fi n e so n s, not t o spe a k of their tw o Lo v e ly daughte
12、 r s.译文:他们有了三个好儿子,并且尚有两个可爱的女儿。例 8 : I dont know al gob r a o r ge ometry, n ot to montio n calc u lus.译文:我连代数、几何都不懂,更不必说微枳分了。例 9: A 1 I the y have to d o i s press a bu tton, and th e y can see p lay s , films, o p eras an d show s o f every kind, not t o mont ion p ol it i cal discus s ions an d t
13、h e late s t e xc i t ing fo o t ba 1 1 mat c h.译文:他们所要做的只是按一下电钮,就能看到各种戏剧、电影、歌剧和各式各样的表演,并且还能看到各种政治辩论和诚近举行的激动人心的足球 赛。例 1 0 :1 can t add two and t wo. 1 et alo n e do f r a c t ion s .译文:我连2加2都不会,更不要说做分数题了。注意:美国成语词典认为let alone只能用丁追加的否认。但是,有的词典认为,该短语也可以引导追加的肯定。例如:There were five pe opl e in the car, 1e
14、 t alo n e the luggage an d t h e two dog s .注意:mo r etha n1. she i s more beauti f u 1 than he r s i s t er,她比她姐姐美丽。2. George is more intel 1 ige n t than a g g r essiv e .与其说乔治言行放肆,不如说他聪颖过人。以上第1句是moreIha n结构的一般用法,即在两个不同的事物之间就同一方面作比较:而第2句是就同一个人的两个不同方面作比较。因此要译 成“与其说还不如说”。morethan结构在上述1.2两句中的用法也合用于lo
15、sst han结构,得出相反例如:1 . John is 1 e ss d a ri n g t han qu i ck-witted.与其说约翰胆大,不如说他脑子灵活。2 .George wa s 1 es s intel 1 ig e nt than a g g res s i v e.与其说乔治聪颖过人,不如说他言行放肆几个不定代词的固定搭配:have non e of:不参与:不准;不接受I will have non e o f yo ur stupid ide a s !我才不接受你那愚食的想法!He was off e rcd a job but he said he,d hav
16、e nono of it.他仃一个工作机会,但他说他不接受。none but (=nothing but):只有(=Only)Non e bu t the b rave des e rves the f ai r .只有英雄才配得上美人。She ch o so non e b ut t he best.她只选很佳的。She is n oth i ng but a ch i Id.她只但是是个孩子。none o t her t h a n:(表达惊讶)不是别人,正是(=no one el s e but)I t , s n o ne o t her than Tom! We t hough t
17、you wer e i n Africa.non e the +比较级词+ for:亳不,一点也不lie sp e n t 2 wee k $ i n h o spi t al but hef s n o ne the b e t ter f or it.他在医院里待了两个星期,但一点也没好转。M y car i s n o ne the wo r so fo r wear.我的车子一点也没有损耗.n one the w i ser:不知情If we lake o nly one pi e ce of cake, moth er will be none t he wis e r .假如我们只
18、拿一小块蛋糕,母亲是不会知道的。n one too:(在形容词或副词前)不太:一点都不The s e rvic e i n this res t aurant is none too fa s t .这家旅馆的服务一点效率都没有。a n y thing but:除之外什么都(此处的bul等于exce p t)决不仁not at all)I eat a n yt h ing b u t (e x c ept) fi s h.除了鱼,我什么都吃。Sh e is an y thi n g b ut a good co o k.她决不是个好回师。(即:除了好回师,她什么都是。)anything。f:(
19、疑问句/条件句)一点点;(否认句)一点也(没有)I s he anything o f a poet?他有-点点诗人的样子吗?I haven t s een an y t h i n g o f him 1 a lely.最近我没有见过他。fo r an y thing:(否认句)(给什么都)不,决不I wont go t he r e for anyt h i n g ,我决不去那里。or an y thing:(意味着尚有其他的也许性)I f Be r n ar d wan t s to cal 1 me or a n yt h ing, I 11 be here al 1 day.假如伯
20、纳德要找我或什么的,我整天都会在这儿。if a n y thing:若有任何不同的话If an y thi n g, my new job i s h a rder than my o 1 d one.要说有什么不同的话,我的新工作反而比旧工作要难些。o r s ome t li ing:或什么的(表达说话者不能肯定)She i s a s t ewa r des s or s omcthing.她是空姐或什么的。something like:有点像,大约An airshi p is shap e d somethin g like a cigar.飞船的形状有点像省笳。some t hin
21、g o f a:多少有点,有几分像,略懂hes sow e t h in g o f a b o o k co I lector.他有几分像书籍收藏家。a something t o/in: (叙述等)有些道理Theres some thing to/i n what yo u sa y : Ill t ake your advice.你说的有些道理,我会接受你的建议h a ve/b e s omethin g t o d o with:与有关I t h i nk Guy F a w k es h a d/was somet h ing t o do wi t h a plan t o b l
22、ow u p th e bridg e .我想盖佛克跟图谋炸毁桥梁有关。n oth i ng but (= no n e b u t = o nl y ):仪仅,只但是We c ould see nothing b u t fog.除了雾之外我们什么也看不见。f o r ncthi ng:免费的:徒劳的;无缘无端的Sh e got the tick e t f or not h ing.她免费得到那张票。Al I our pr e p a rat i on for n o th i n g ! No one seven c ome t o t he party.我们为宴会所作的准备都白费了!连
23、一个人都没来。Th e y quar r e 1 ed for nothing.他们无缘无端地争吵。mak e noth i ng of:(常和 can 一起用)不理解:不重视,轻视(=think noth i ng o f)I cou I d make n o thing o f t he passa g e.我不理解这篇文章。H e makes/th i nks noth i n g o f w or k i n g ten h ou r s a da y .他不在乎一天工作十小时。to say no thing o f:更不用说(=no t to mcnt i o n/w i t h o
24、 u t mentio n i ng)Three people were b a dly hu r t, to s a y nothing o f damage t o the bu i I ding,三个人受了重伤,建筑物的损害更不用说了。h ave n othing t o do w i t h : 与无关1 have nothi ng t o do w i th th e accident.我与这场事故无关。no t hi ng i f not:格外地:非常地(= very /mu c h/e x treme 1 y)He was nothin g i f n o t cl e ver.
25、 (= He was very c lever.)他格外聪明。not h ing of:无的部分;无的气质There was nothing of the lad y i n ho r b eha v ior.她的举止主线没行淑女的气质。区别:all but几乎,差一点,除以外其余都是but for要不是but t hat +从句:若不是例 1 :She al ) b ut fa i nted when sh e h e a rd th e n e ws.译文:她听到这一消息时几乎晕倒了。注:此句中 a 11 but 意为 nearly, alm o st.试对比:Al 1 b ut t he
26、 litt 1 e children thought t hat t he trip wa s e xc i t ing.译文:除了小孩,大家都火为这次旅行是激动人心的。此句中 al 1 but意为all except.例 2: But for the rain we should h a ve a pie a sant j ourney.译文:要不是下雨,我们的旅行本来是快乐的。例 3: H e would h ave h e 1 p e d u s but that h e was sh o rt of mono y a t the time.译文:若不是他那时缺钱,他是会帮助我们的。注D
27、but that引导的从句中谓语用陈述语气。2) but that有灵活的译法。如:Nothing would sati s fy that child but th a t I place her o n m y lap.(那孩子什么都不要,只要我把她抱在怀里。) “名词+or+名词”结构中。后的名词是同位语,应译为“即:或者称”1 : Moreover, te c hnolog y incl u des techniques, or w a ys to do things, a s wel 1 as the m a chines th a t may or ma y not be n ec
28、ess ary t o a p pl y them.译文:再者,除机器外技术还涉及技艺,即制作方法,而动用这些技艺并不定都需要机器.only + to d。”意为“,结果却”,即表达与句子谓语动作的目的相反的结果。例 1 : Th e y dont hav e to pay for ex p e n sive seats a t the t he a ire, the cin e ma or the ope r a , o n I yto d i scove r , pe r h a p s , t hat th e show is d is a ppo i nt i ng.译文:他们不必花钱
29、去戏院、电影院或歌剧院买价格很贵的票,(假如去了)结果却也许发现,所演的节目令人失望。例 2: They hurrie d there only to f ind t he mee t ing cancel e d .译文:他们急忙忙忙赶到那儿,结果却发现会议被取消了。not mo re/-er th an 与 no mo r e/-er than 结构比较:John is not bo t ter t han Tom.Joh n i $ no be t ter than Tom.前一句表达“约翰不比汤姆好”,屈于普通的比较结构;后一例用了 no情况就不同了。no better than相称于
30、as b ad as ,含义是两人同样 坏.这里,“no+形容诃或副词比较级+ than”所表达的可以说是该形容词或副词的反意.例如:n。r ic her I h an = a s poo r a s 和同样穷no b i gger than = as small a s 和同样小no 1 ater t h an = as e a rl y as 和同样早同样:1 have not t a k en mo r e t han s ix cours e s th i s sem e s ter.I h a ve t a k en no m o re t han s i x cour s es t
31、 h is seme s ter.上述结构与表达前后都否认的no mor ethan (= nota ny mo re t han)又有所不同:例:A 窜hale i s no m o r e a f i sh than a h o r se i s .(鲸和马同样不是鱼。)此外,在某些结构中,单独使用more than也能表达否认概念:例 1: Th a t is mor e th a n I can tell.我简直不能说。例2: My t rip t o Bei j i ng is more than sigh t seeing.我去北京不仅仅是旅游观光而已no inor etha n
32、(= nota ny more than)和一样都不(表达前后都否认)例 1 : Th eh eartis no mo r ein t el 1 i ge n t than the s t omac h ,fo r t h ey a re bo th controlled by the brain.心脏和胃同样都无智力可言,由于它们都是由大脑控制的。例 2 : There is no r cason th e y sh o ul d 1 imi t how much vitamin you take, any rao r c than they can 1 i mi t how much wa ter you drink.译文:他们没有理由限制你限用多少维他命,就像他们不能限制你喝多少水同样。