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1、考点30阅读理解词义猜测题（重难题型）历年来高考试题中的生词量有增无减。教学大纲要求学生“读懂生词率不超过3%的传记、故事、 记叙文、科普小品文和有关社会文史知识等不同题材的材料。“在英语阅读训练和测试中的生词障碍往往 会成为学生理解的“绊脚石”，这些“绊脚石”的出现大致分五类：1 .旧词新义，考查词汇表中未出现的词义； 如：Nearby is the Indianapolis race course, where the nations most famous car race is held each year on May 30th. 我们学过course的意思是“过程，课程”等，在此显
2、然不符句意。根据上下文course是汽车赛举行的地方， 可推断course在该句是“车道”或“跑道”的意思。2.合成词、转化词与派生词，如shoplifting, heartbroken, computer-literate, decision-thinking, imperfect等；3.“灵活”的常用词增多，这些词必须根据具体的上下文 语境才能正确理解；4.“新鲜”的外国人名、地名、专有名称增多，这些词有些带有一定的文化背景5.超 纲生词。有的学生在阅读训练和测试中存在着“生词恐惧心理”，一遇到生词就有读不下去的感觉。那么阅读理 解时遇到大量生词该怎么办？查词典当然是排除词义障碍的一种方法
3、，当然这只有在平常的阅读训练中才 可以使用。但是，频繁的查阅词典既影响阅读速度，又容易破坏学生阅读的思路和兴趣。况且，一词多义 是英语词汇的主要特点，词典不一定能为学生提供单词在特定的上下文中的具体或确切的含义。平时的练 习中遇到生词不要马上查词典，可以通过一定的方法来猜测理解。猜测词义不仅是一项阅读技巧，也是高 考阅读能力考查的一个方面，每年在高考阅读中都有猜测词义的试题。掌握正确方法快速而又准确地猜测 出生词的含义，对提高阅读速度和答题效率相当重要。该类题常见的考查形式有：1. The phrase in the sentence could be replaced by.2. The w
4、ord in the paragraph refers to.3. What is the meaning of the underlined word in the paragraph? / What does the unlined word mean?4. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase ”？5. The word most nearly means.对此类试题，考生应该进行大胆猜测，但这种猜测不是胡乱的，盲目的，而是有一定的方法和技巧。 下面介绍几种常见的猜测词义的方法供同学们加以运用。1.构
5、词法猜词阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词。掌握构词法对猜测词义很有帮助。如： unforeseeable.这个词，可以根据构词法把它拆成un, fore, see , able；其中see是词根，fore是“先，前,预“ 的含义，un是否定，able是“能的,可的”,因此unforeseeable是“未能预见到的”意思。（2021 云南昆明三模）Bangladeshs floating gardens, built to grow food during flood seasons, could offer a continuous solution for parts of
6、the world which are likely to suffer from flooding because of climate change, a new study has found.Bangladeshs floating gardens began hundreds of years ago. The gardens are made from native plants that float in the rivers and operate almost like rafts （筏），rising and filling with the waters. Histori
7、cally, they were used 地的人们上传歌曲的片段，将这些歌曲融合成人类的集体合唱，代表地球上物种的声音被发送到太空。1 .【答案】A【解析】细节理解题。根据首段最后一句“Thus, for the first time, SETI is cocking its ear towards Earth to look for a signal that can be sent into space to represent the species.（ SETI 首次向地球竖起耳朵，寻找可以送入太 空的代表物种的信号。）可知，SETI寻找信号发送到太空是为了代表地球上的物种的声音。故
8、选A项。2 .【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段第二句Since songs, like the human voices, are common to all languages and nations, he and Ms. Tarter have designed the Earthling Projecf-a call to people everywhere to upload extracts of song that he plans to melt into a collective human chorus., （因为歌曲,就像人类的声音，对所有语言和国家 来说都是共通
9、的，他和塔特女士设计了“地球计划”号召世界各地的人们上传歌曲的片段，他计划将这 些歌曲融合成人类的集体合唱。）可知，地球计划打算创造一个人类的合唱。故选B项。3 .【答案】A【解析】词义猜测题。根据第三段第二句Distant beings can in theory already enjoy Peruvian panpipes, a Navajo chant, Bach, Beethoven and more79 （遥远的生物理论上已经可以欣赏秘鲁的排箫、纳瓦霍的圣歌、 巴赫、贝多芬等。）可知，被送到太空的音乐类型很多。再根据划线词所在句的But,可以判断之前的作 品没能包含人类歌曲的多样性
10、，故由此可知划线词词义为“包含”，选A项。4 .【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。根据尾段最后一句Download the Earthling Projectn app, sing up to three songs of 30 seconds each, and your voice will be sent into the sky.（下载地球计划”应用程序,唱三首歌，每首歌30秒, 你的声音就会被发送到太空中。）可知，本段的目的是邀请读者参加地球计划。故选D项。Passage 2（2021 江苏盐城三模）During the COVID-19 pandemic, Julia began he
11、r second year as a first grade teacher in an online classroom. One September afternoon, she received a call from and Cynthia, who was having technical difficulties with her granddaughters tools for online learning.Julia immediately knew something was wrong with Cynthia. The two women had spoken many
12、 times before, but Julia had never heard she sounded like this. Her words were so jumbled that Julia could barely understand her. Julia called her headmaster, Charlie, who convinced her that he would call and check on Cynthia himself.Just like Julia, Charlie could barely understand Cynthia. He suspe
13、cted she might be having a stroke （中风）一 he recognized the signs from when his own father had suffered one. Charlie immediately became concerned that Cynthias two grandchildren, ages six and eight, were probably home alone with her and scared. Charlie asked his office manager to send an ambulance to
14、the grandmothers home.The quick response from Julia and Charlie saved Cynthias life. She arrived at the hospital in time to get treatment before long-term damage occurred. Thanks to an extended stay in the hospital, she has regained most of the movement throughout her body except for one hand and a
15、region of her mouth.Tm proud of the people I work with, that they responded so quickly and that it did make a difference to Cynthia J says Julia. “I am so pleased to be part of such a caring community. But the schoofs crisis response is only one piece of the communitys extraordinary efforts to help
16、Cynthia and her granddaughters. Another family with young children took in the two girls.Virtual learning has been a challenge across the country, but its fair to say that it has helped the community grow closer. Many teachers there gave their personal phone numbers to students and families in case
17、they needed extra help. In this case, the exchange was literally life-altering.5 . Cynthia called Julia in order to.A. complain about the poor contents of online learningconsult about her granddaughters academic performanceB. seek some help for lack of certain technical knowledgevolunteer her servic
18、es as a teacher in an online classroom6. The underlined word “jumbled“ in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to.A. briefB , unclearC. gentleD. impolite7. How did Charlie decide that Cynthia might have suffered a stroke?A. By recalling his own previous sufferings from the disease.B , By using his prof
19、essional knowledge to form the judgment.C. By combining Julias call with the granddaughters description.D. By identifying the symptoms that a stroke patient may have.8. What does the author think of virtual leaning?A. It has caused much inconvenience to parents.B. It will bring about unavoidable lea
20、k of privacy.C. It has provided more benefits than challenges.D. It needs technical guidance to be highly effective.【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在新冠疫情期间上网课时，Cynthia通过电话帮助孙女询问 关于网络技术方面的问题。老师Julia通过Cynthia的声音判断出她有些不对劲，并且及时联系了校长Charlie, 校长判断出她得了中风，并及时送往了医院。5 .【答案】C【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“One September afternoon, she
21、received a call from and Cynthia, who was having technical difficulties with her granddaughters tools for online learning.（九月的个下午，她接至U 了 Cynthia的电话，她孙女的在线学习工具有技术问题。）”可知I, Cynthia打电话是因缺乏一定的技术知识而 寻求帮助。故选C项。6 .【答案】B【解析】词义猜测题。通过画线词后面“that Julia could barely understand her （Julia几乎听不懂Cynthia说的 话）”可推知，画线词
22、jumbled意为“不清楚的、不完全明白的工故选B项。7 .【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“He suspected she might be having a stroke he recognized the signs from when his own father had suffered one.（他怀疑她可能中风了他认出了他父亲遭受痛苦时的症状。）“可知，Charlie通过他父亲中风时的症状对比Cynthia的症状，推测她得了中风。故选D项。8 .【答案】C【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Virtual learning has been a challenge
23、 across the country, but its fair to say that it has helped the community grow closer.（虚拟学习在全国范围内者B是一种挑战，但公平的说，它帮 助社区变得更加紧密。）“可推知，作者认为虚拟学习带来的好处多于挑战。故选C项。Passage 3（2021 福建南平二模）My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school, when, for three whole days, I worked on an assembly （装酉己）line
24、. My best friend Betsys father was an executive （管理者）at Hough Bakeries, which, at special festivals, made little rabbit-shaped cakes for all its stores. The plant downtown needed eight kids for temporary help, and the shift （轮班）fell over spring break, during which I had no plans. Cake? I loved cake-
25、icing especially. Td earn minimum wage. Td see how a factory worked. My parents thought all of this was a grand idea for a girl like me and called Betsys dad with their permission.Our roles on the line were simple: Place cakes on conveyor belt. Attach icing ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. Remove th
26、e cakes from belt; place onto trays. This was harder than it sounds. With your mind wandering, the cakes pile up. As I told my parents that first night, it was all a little more high-pressure than Id expected. Dad smiled. This was the sort of work that made you appreciate the money you earned, he to
27、ld me. And if your feet hurt or the minutes felt like hours, well then that was just motivation to keep those grades up and get that college education.And the icing? We kids were allowed to eat as much as we wanted. By noon the first day, I could barnly look at the stuff. To borrow a favorite phrase
28、 from my father: The executives werent bom yesterday.9. Why did the writer decide to take the job?A. To earn lots of money.B. To enjoy her spring break.C. To help Betsys father temporarily.D. To learn of the operation of the plant.10. What can we learn from paragraph 2?A. The writer found the job si
29、mple. B , The job needed great concentration. C. The writer quit the job the first night. D. Father laughed at the writers performance. 11. How did Dad respond to the writers first-day experience?A. Inspiring.B. Doubtful.C. Critical.D. Sympathetic.12. What does the writer mean by saying “I could bar
30、ely look at the stuff?A. She found the icing ugly.B. She was tired from the work.C. She had eaten too much icing.D. She felt depressed with the job.【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者第一次工作，在蛋糕生产线上工作的经历。9 .【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。由第一段中的“Id see how a factory worked.（我想看看工厂是怎么运作的。广可知， 因为想了解工厂的运作情况作者才决定接受这份工作。故选D项。10 .【答案】B【解析】
31、推理判断题。由第二段中的“Our roles on the line were simple: Place cakes on conveyor belt. Attach icing ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. Remove the cakes from belt; place onto trays. This was harder than it sounds. With your mind wandering, the cakes pile up.（我们在生产线上的角色很简单：把蛋糕放在传送带上。 安装冰耳。给眼睛和鼻子放糖霜。把蛋糕从生产线上取下来；放
32、在托盘上。这比听起来更难。你心不在焉， 蛋糕就堆起来了。）”可知，在蛋糕生产线上工作，工作程序繁杂，一不留心，蛋糕就堆起来乱了，可得出 这项工作需要全神贯注。故选B项。H.【答案】A【解析】推理判断题。由第二段中的“Dad smiled. This was the sort of work that made you appreciate the money you earned, he told me. And if your feet hurt or the minutes felt like hours, well then that was just motivation to kee
33、p those grades up and get that college education.（爸爸笑了。他告诉我，这种工作让你感激自己挣的钱。如 果你的脚受伤了，或者感觉几分钟就像几个小时，那么这就是保持这些成绩，接受大学教育的动力。）”可 知，爸爸认为作者现在感到的压力与困难都会成为作者以后前行的动力。由此推知，爸爸说的话很鼓舞人 心（Inspiring）。故选 A 项。12 .【答案】C【解析】句意猜测题。由最后一段中的“And the icing? We kids were allowed to eat as much as we wanted. By noon the first
34、 day, I could barely look at the stuff.（糖霜呢？我们孩子可以想吃多少就吃多少。到了第一天中午, 我几乎不看那些东西。户可知，作者他们可以想吃多少糖霜就吃多少糖霜，以至于最后吃了太多的糖霜， 都不想看见糖霜了，由此可知“I could barely look at the stuff，在此处意为“她吃了太多糖霜”。故选C项。Passage 4（2021 辽宁模拟预测）Have you ever heard about Black Friday and Cyber Monday? Surely, they are all about finding the
35、best deals on holiday gifts for yourself and family members. And have you heard about GivingTuesday? Here is something about it!GivingTuesday is observed annually on the Tuesday after Thanksgiving, which encourages people to help those in need by making financial donations or doing good in their loc
36、al community. The “Global Day of Giving” was started in 2012 by New York City nonprofit 92nd Street Y and the United Nations Foundation.Unlike Black Friday, GivingTuesday serves a more altruistic purpose. In its first year, the movement brought in almost $10 million for charities, and things have on
37、ly improved since. In 2019, many GivingTuesday social media campaigns worldwide helped raise an amazing $ 1.9 billion from 27 million donors! Over the past five years, many higher education institutions have also been using the Tuesday after Thanksgiving to ask alumni for donations. In 2019, the Uni
38、versity of Michigan, which calls it Blueday, received 5887 gifts totaling over $4 million, while Pennsylvania State University raised $710 000 to benefit over 85 University programs.Though donating money certainly helps, there are many other ways to support the great cause, especially during the COV
39、ID-19 pandemic. You can video tutor kids struggling with online learning, or team up with an adult to get groceries or medications for an elderly neighbor. Alternatively, call on your peers to help you with a service project that addresses an issue close to your heart, or pick one from the several i
40、deas suggested on the GivingTuesday website. You can also donate your gently-used clothes and toys to local shelters, or mail a handwritten note to a grandparent or a friend you miss seeing.What are you going to do to make a positive difference in your community on GivingTuesday? Let us know by addi
41、ng your comments below!13 . Why does the author mention Black Friday and Cyber Monday in Paragraph 1?A. To make a comparison.B. To lead to the topic.C. To arouse readers9 interest.D. To express his doubt.14 . Whafs the aim of GivingTuesday?A. To promote the development of economy. B. To attract peop
42、le to buy more holiday gifts.C. To call on more universities to donate money.D. To encourage people to help those in need.15 . What does the underlined word altruistic“ in Paragraph 3 mean?A. Selfless.B. General.C. Specific.D. Complex.16. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?A. Where people can offer th
43、eir kind help. B. What people can do on GivingTuesday.C. How people can stay safe during COVID-19.D. Why people need to support the great cause.【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了 GivingTuesday的起源、发展以及在这一天人们做的慈善活动。13 .【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据第段“Have you ever heard about Black Friday and Cyber Monday? Surely, they are all a
44、bout finding the best deals on holiday gifts for yourself and family members. And have you heard about GivingTuesday? Here is something about it!（你听说过黑色星期五和网络星期一吗？当然，他们都可以来为自 己和家人找到最划算的节日礼物。你听说过“GivingTuesday”吗？这里有一些关于它的东西！厂可推知，作 者在第一段提及Black Friday和Cyber Monday这两个节日是为了更好地引出文章的主题GivingTuesdayo故选Bo14
45、 .【答案】D【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中GivingTuesday is observed annually on the Tuesday after Thanksgiving, which encourages people to help those in need by making financial donations or doing good in their local community.（感恩节后的周二是一年一度的“给予星期二”，鼓励人们通过捐款或在当地社区做善事来帮助那 些需要帮助的人广可知，GivingTuesday旨在鼓励人们通过捐款或为他们所在的社区做好事来帮
46、助那些需要 帮助的人。故选D。15 .【答案】A【解析】词义猜测题。根据第二段中“GivingTuesday is observed annually on the Tuesday after Thanksgiving, which encourages people to help those in need by making financial donations or doing good in their local community.”及画线词后文“In its first year, the movement brought in almost $ 10 million for
47、 charities”可矢口， GivingTuesday旨在鼓励人们通过捐款或为他们所在的社区做好事来帮助那些需要帮助的人，而在庆祝这个 节日的第一年，这项活动为慈善机构带来了近1000万美元的捐款。由此可知I, GivingTuesday的目的是帮 助别人，所以画线词所在句表示GivingTuesday服务于一个更无私的目的。故画线词应意为“无私的:A. Selfless,无私的；B. General.一般的；C. Specific.特殊的；D. Complex.复杂的。故选 A。16 .【答案】B【解析】主旨大意题。根据第四段“Though donating money certainl
48、y helps, there are many other ways to support the great cause, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. You can video tutor kids struggling with online learning, or team up with an adult to get groceries or medications for an elderly neighbor. Alternatively, call on your peers to help you with a ser
49、vice project that addresses an issue close to your heart, or pick one from the several ideas suggested on the GivingTuesday website. You can also donate your gently-used clothes and toys to local shelters, or mail a handwritten note to a grandparent or a friend you miss seeing.（捐款当然有帮助， 但也有 许多其他方式支持这项伟大的事业，特别是在新冠肺炎大流行期间。你可以通过视频指