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1、高考英语短文改错答题方略01动词错误动词在考试中占有很大比重。常见的错误类型有:时态错用;主谓 不一致;句中有多个动词时，缺少非谓语动词;缺少谓语动词，尤 其是缺少系动词be;主动、被动语态错用;某些词后要求接动名词 或不定式;介词后没用动词-ing。真题示例All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football. 2019 全国卷 I1. They would say to me that playing card games would help my b
2、rain. Still I unwilling to play the games with them sometimes. 2018全国卷n02形容词、副词错误常见错误类型有:形容词和副词的错用;比较级，最高级的错用或 修辞语的错用;以-ing和-ed结尾的形容词的错用。真题示例I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident. 2019 全国卷 I1. First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform looked so coolly. 2019全国卷n03连词
3、错误常见错误类型有:并列连词and/or/but等错用;从属连词错用, 特别是状语从句中的连词。真题示例 One afternoon where I was in primary school, I waswalking by the school playground. 2019 全国卷 I真题示例wherewhen04代词错误常见错误类型有:人称代词、物主代词和反身代词与其所指代的人或物 不一致;定语从句中关系代词的错用;不定代词的错用;多代词 或少代词。真题示例 In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in thehistorical e
4、nvironment that is created for them. 2019 全国卷 III真题示例yourselves-themselves05名词错误常见错误类型有:可数名词的单复数错用;可数名词与不可数名词错用。真题示例Since I was a kid, I ve considered different job I would like todo. 2019全国卷HLast winter when I went here again, they had a big separatehouse to raise dozens of chicken. 2018 全国卷 I真题示例
5、1. job jobs 2. chicken chickens06冠词错误常见错误类型有:a、an和the的错用;多冠词或少冠词。真题示例 Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style. 2019 全国卷 in真题示例an07介词错误常见错误类型有:介词错用;多介词或少介词。真题示例 A few minutes later, the instructor asked me to stop the car. It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in t
6、he middle on the road. 2017 全国卷 I真题示例on08定结构错误真题示例 From now on, I started to play football with classmates after school. I am a good player now. 2019 全国卷 I 真题示例now then09数词错误常见错误类型是:基数词和序数词的错用。真题示例 Then, when I was in the five grade, I wanted to be ateacher. 2019 全国卷 H真题示例five - fifth10词性变换词性变换考查比较少
7、。常见错误类型有:以-ce结尾的名词,变成以-t结尾的形容词，比如:different difference;单词后+y，发生词 性变换,比如:tastetasty, honest- honestyo真题示例 I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the latest music albums. 2017 全国卷m真题示例differencedifferent英语短文改错题型的复习方法一、考生必须熟悉设错方式：多词、少词、错词。(1)多词现象大多出现在冠
8、词、介词、助动词、连词、语义重复及行 文逻辑等方面。(2 )少词现象主要出现在冠词、介词、副词、助动词、不定式符号t。、 连词等。(3 )错词现象主要在冠词、介词、名词单复数、动词时态、非谓语动 词、主谓一致、代词、连词、词形。二、考生平时应加强基本功训练，用一个错题本把自己或同学在书面表 达中出现的错误归纳一下，以便考前复习。短文改错答题步骤1、对全文的宏观把握同学应把改错内容当作一篇小短文来理解，这样能对短文有个宏观把握, 对上下文有全面的了解。在理解篇章的基础上逐句审读，分析判断，上 下兼顾，把明显的、拿的准的题先做完，这样可以缩小包围圈，也有助 于对全文的进一步理解。2、从语法角度审直
9、01查看时态是否一致。例如:My favorite sport is football. I was a member of our football team.全文都是用的一般现在时，此句中的was显然与上下文语境不符，应 改为amo02查看主谓是否一致。例如：Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing to borrow them.cost应改为costs ,因其主语是it （为形式主语），且上下文均为一般 现在时。03查指代是否一致。例如:The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.句中的主
10、语the Smiths表的是Smith 一家人，因此指示代词his应改 为 theiro04查平行结构是否平行一致。由 and, or, but, either.or., neither.nor., not only.but also., as well as等并列连词和词组连接的结构可称为平行结构。例如:It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home. 句中的drove显然与and前面的to meet不平行，应改为driveo05查名词的单复数与修饰词语或上下文是否一致
11、。例如:We study quite a few subject, such as Maths, Chinese. quite a few只能修饰复数名词,故subject应改为subjectso 06查行文逻辑是否一致。例如:Most people can quickly get help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill.根据行文逻辑，这里不应该由since来引导原因状语从句，而应该是 when / whenever或if来引导时间或条件状语从句。3、十大常见错误短文改错是有一定的规律可循的，观察近几年的高考试题以及同
12、学们平 常的各种考试，可以发现短文改错主要有以下十大错误：01）形容词与副词的误用。如 exciting 与 excited , hard 与 hardly , possible 与 possibly , here 与there等，以及形容词与副词的比较级与最高级。02）名词的单复数误用。如在 several , many , various , different, a few , one of 等之后, 常用名词的复数，在every与each之后常用单数。03）代词的误用。如 you 与 your, if s 与 its , it 与 they 或 them , one 与 ones ,宾
13、格 （如me ）与反身代词（如myself ）等的误用。04）介词的误用、缺少或多余。常见的如 in 与 on , to 与 for / instead 与 instead of, because 与 because of等的误用。05）时态的错误。看一篇文章，要有一种大局观，要上前下挂，看看上下文的时态是否一 致。06）连词的误用。如or与and的误用，and与but的误用,so与but的误用,because 或since与so连用,though与but连用等。07）第三人称单数后的动词形式。08）一些固定结构的误用。如 so.that 被误用作 very.that, too.to 被误用
14、very.to , as.as 被 误作so.as等。09）定语从句中关系词的误用。10） 一些常用词的误用。如what与how , except与besides , any与some以及它们的合成 词如 anything 与something anywhere与somewhere等混淆不清。4、验证答案改完后，要回过头来重读一遍全文，查看改过后是否能使语气通顺，时 态一致，合乎逻辑。再次通读可以在初改时感觉不顺的地方集中精力, 仔细推敲，使答案更加准确。平时的努力方向要多读多背，增强语感同学们在平常的学习中一定要注重语感的培养，英语学习的根本任务是 学习语言，而学习语言的根本在于学习和习得语感。语感一旦形成，就 为英语学习打下了良好的基础。语言是学出来的，所以要学好语言，一定要多读多背，尤其是背，它是 语言习得最重要的途径之一。读得多，背得多了，语感自然就会增强，语感好了，做起短文改错来就 会得心应手，因为文章中有错误的地方，读起来往往是不通的。总之，学习外语是要下功夫的，要提高短文改错能力也一样在平常的学 习中首先要多读多背，增强语感，然后多加训练，在多练的前提下，要 勤思考，多总结，这样才能提高学习效率。