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1、高考英语语法专讲:助动词一.概念:助动词是帮助主要动词构成各种时态,语态,语气以及否定或疑问结构的动词.助动词分为时态助动词 和结构助动词两种.二.相关知识点精讲:1 .助动词be的用法be +现在分词,构成进行时态。例如:They are having a meeting. 他们正在开会。English is becoming more and more important.英语现在越来越重要。1) be +过去分词,构成被动语态。例如:The window was broken by Tom. 窗户是汤姆打碎的。English is taught throughout the world.
2、世界各地都教英语。2) be +动词不定式,可表示下列内容:a.表示最近、未来的计划或安排。例如:He is to go to New York next week. 他下周要去纽约。We are to teach the freshmen. 我们要教新生。说明:这种用法也可以说成是一种将来时态表达法。b.表示命令。例如:You are to explain this. 对此你要做出解释。He is to come to the office this afternoon.要他今天下午来办公室。c.征求意见。例如:How am I to answer him? 我该怎样答复他?Who is t
3、o go there? 谁该去那儿呢?d.表示相约、商定。例如:We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning. 我们明天早晨 7 点在校门口 集合。2 .助动词have的用法1)have +过去分词,构成完成时态。例如:Ho has left for London. 他已去了伦敦。By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work. 上月未为止,他们己 经完成工作的一半。2) have + been +现在分词,构成完成进行时。例如:I have
4、been studying English for ten years.我一直在学英语,已达十年之久。3) have +been +过去分词,构成完成式被动语态。例如:English has been taught in China for many years.中国教英语已经多年。3.助动词do的用法1)构成一般疑问句。例如:Do you want to pass the CET? 你想通过大学英语测试吗?Did you study German? 你们学过德语吗?2) do + not构成否定句。例如:I do not want to be criticized.我不想挨批评。He doesnt like to study. 他不想学习。In the past, many students did not know the importance of English.过去,好多学生不知道英语的重要性。3)构成否定祈使句。例如:Dont go there.不要去那里。Dont be so absent-minded.不要这么心不在焉。说明:构成否定祈使句只用do,不用did和doeso