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1、武汉大学2003年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题科目名称：英语语言综合科目代码：4421.PARAPHRASE (共10题，每题3分，共30分)Direction: Paraphrase the following sentences, paying attention to the connotation each of them suggests.1 .Like good looks and money, quickness passed her by.2 .People who live in glass houses should not throw stones.3 .Public
2、education may be invested with the inspiriting quality of an Oxford tutorial.4 .They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of (he graveyard.5 .Science is committed to the universal.6 .Work is also his liberator from nature, his
3、 creator as a social and independent being.7 .A burnt child dreads the fire.8 . A danger foreseen is half avoided.9 .Soft fire makes sweet malt.lO.Makc hay while the sun shines.II. PROOFREADING AND ERROR CORRECTION (20 分)The following passage contains seventeen errors. Each line contains a maximum o
4、fone error, and (hree are free from error. In each case only one word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the posit
5、ion of the missing word with a A sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary word, cross out the unnecessary word with a slash/ and put (he word in the blank provided at the end of the line.If the line is correct, place a tick V i
6、n (he blank provided at the end of the line. EXAMPLE(1)(2) single(3) _V_(4) any(1)(2)(4)(5)(6) single(7) _V_(8) any(3)(4)(4)It is impossible A any sentence in one language to have exactlythe same meaning as any single sentence in another language. Il is alsoimpossible for any sentence in a particula
7、rlanguage lo have exactlythe same meaning as the other sentence in that same language.(l)The minds and personality of Isaac Newton challenge any historian. Newton was a strange, solitary figure,(2)and the wellsprings of his behavior is hidden(3)even from his contemporaries. A biographer of his time
8、compared Newton with the River Nile,(4)whose great powers were known and whose source increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of
9、 freedom - and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.(Abraham Lincolns Gettysburg Address)3. Translate the following paragraphs into English (20 marks):技术是更为直接和明显的一套知识。它能够改革生产过程。因此，技术在发展中发挥着 至关重要的作用。发展中国家的目的，应当是加强它们的技术能力，以便使它们本身能够去 选择，转让，改造，发展和
10、应用技术一一能够按当地的情况估量和当地的优先次序，去这样 做。必要时，还需要具有估价现有技术及其它代替技术的能力，需要具有估量使用某些技 术所应起的经济、社会和文化影响的能力；而这些能力都可在国际支持下，通过教育，训练, 研究而培养起来。较不发达国家，尤其应当审查一下有关技术是否适应现有的和可能用得上 的劳动力的供应，特别是要针对资金需要、能源、环境状况及其它限制，详加考虑。武汉大学2003年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题科目名称：英语语言综合科目代码：4421.PARAPHRASE供10题，每题3分，共30分)Direction: Paraphrase the following sente
11、nces, paying attention to the connotation each of them suggests.1 .Like good looks and money, quickness passed her by.2 .People who live in glass houses should not throw stones.3 .Public education may be invested with the inspiriting quality of an Oxford tutorial.4 .They rise out of the earth, they
12、sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard.5 .Science is committed to the universal.6 .Work is also his liberator from nature, his creator as a social and independent being.7 .A burnt child dreads the fire.8 . A danger foreseen is half avoided
13、.9 .Soft fire makes sweet malt.lO.Make hay while the sun shines.参考答案：1 She was slow-minded, poor and not beautiful as well.2 If you make mistakes yourself, do not blame others, or Nobody is perfect, so we should no( criticize othersThe public education is possible to have more characteristic of best
14、irring, which characterizes an Oxford tutorial, or With money invested in it, public education may aim at reaching the encouraging teaching level of Oxford university.3 They come into this world, they struggle and suffer from famine for several years, and finally they die and arc buried underground
15、without a name.4 Science is engaged in (he task of making its basic concepts understood and accepted by scientists all over the world.5 .His work frees him from the restriction of nature and makes him a gregarious and self-depending person.6 .Once burnt by the fire, you will fear it fbr a long time.
16、 If you have once been hurt by something, you will be afraid of it forever.7 .Be careful about what may happen to you. If you can anticipate the possible risk, you will have avoided it halfly.(改为 half).Working slowly can produce delicate product.9 make the best use one can of opportunities, favorabl
17、e conditions as long as these last.10 . PROOFREADING AND ERROR CORRECTION (20 分)The following passage contains seventeen errors. Each line contains a maximum of one error, and three are free from error. In each case only one word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the fo
18、llowing way:For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a A sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.For an unnec
19、essary word, cross out the unnecessary word with a slash/ and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.If the line is correct, place a tick V in the blank provided at the end of the line.EXAMPLEIt is impossible A any sentence in one language to have exactlythe same meaning as any si
20、ngle sentence in another language. It is alsoimpossible for any sentence in a particular language to have exactly the same meaning as the other sentence in that same language.(l)The minds and personality of Isaac Newton challenge any historian. Newton was a strange, solitary figure, (2)and the wells
21、prings of his behavior is hidden (3)cvcn from his contemporaries. A biographer ofhis time compared Newton with the River Nile. (4)whose great powers were known and whose source (5)had not been discovered. Besides, the few facts (6)we have about his early life do allow somespeculations about Newtons
22、character and development (7)He was born prematurely, physical weakling (8)It is said that he had to wear a bolster ,fo!L(2) single(3) _V_(4) any(1)(2)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(10)一(ID(12)to support his neck during his first months, (9)that one expected his to live. Born in 1942, (lO)Newton grew up in a era w
23、hen England was (1 l)stili tasting the terrors of a protracted and (12)bilter civil war He evidently overcome his (13)physical weakness by the time he reached(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)school age, his mother conceived the idea of(I4)making him a farmer, but the experimentproved an qualified fai
24、lure. Newton(I5)found farming totally tasteful Instead of (16) attend properly to his chores, he would read, (I7)making wooden models with his knife, or dream. (!8)Fortunately of science, his mother gave up (I9)the attempt and allowed him to prepare forCambridge University. At Cambridge Newton go to
25、 (20)slcep until two or three oclock. He ate sparingly and some limes forget to eat together.参考答案：(1)any改成every (any后面加other)(2) is改成are(改成were)with改成to (4)正确(and 改成bul) (5) Besides 改成 However (6)正确(7) physical 改成 physically (8)正确(9hat 改成 which (one 前面加 no)(10) a 改成an (11) protracted 改成 protracting
26、(12) overcome 改成 overcame (13) his 前面加 and (14) an 改成 a (15) tasteful 改成distasteful (16) attend 改成 attending (17) making 改成 make (18) of 改成 for (19) go 改成 went (20) forget 改成 forgotHI. WRITING (30 分)Personality is to a large extent inherent -A-typc parents usually bring about A-typc offspring. But (
27、he environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is important to (he parents, it is likely to become a major factor in the lives of their children.Write an essay of about 300 words, either supporting or attacking above point of view.参考范文：It is universally believed that a child w
28、ill assemble to some extent to his parents. The reason for this is very simple. It is due to heredity. Thus there is an old Chinese saying, Dragons will give birth to dragons, phoenixes phoenixes. But to what extent is a childs personality influenced by heredity? In my opinion, the personality of a
29、child is largely influenced by environment, not heredily. Environment has a profound influence on man. Even the most evil of(去掉 of) men(改成 man) can improve when he conies into good and noble company. Conversely, even the best man can turn into a serpent, a dangerous creature, if he is put into an en
30、vironment where corruption pre-dominateso We have already known(learned) the story of “Mcngzis mother moved three For (改成 For the sake of) the education of Mcngzi, his mother transferred their family for three times. Finally they settled down near a school. And later Mcngzi became one of the most di
31、stinguished educationalist(改成 educator) and ideologist in Chinese history. This story can best illustrate the important influence that environment has on man. Heredity may decides(改成 decide) how tall you will be and what you will look like, but it by no means can decide your personality. If you are
32、bom to a pair of parents who are very industrious, it is very possible that you grow up to be an industrious person, too.(力上 But it should be pointed out that) it is not the influence of heredity, but the influence of how your parents behave. They get up very early every day, work all day long, and
33、stay up very late in (he evening. All these will inevitably have a good effect on your behavior. You yourself will be diligent too. There is another saying, “one takes on the color of ones company. It also indicates the profound influence of environment on man. All in all, environment is veiy import
34、ant for mans development. So parents should spare no efforts creating a good environment for their children to grow up healthily.IV. READING COMPREHENSION (每题 1 分，共 2。分)Passage IIt is a general law in politics, that the power most to be distrusted, is that which, possessing the greatest force, is th
35、e least responsible. Under the constitutional monarchies of Europe (as they exist in theory at least), the king, besides uniting in his single person all the authority of the executive, which includes a power to make war, create peers, and unconditionally to name to all employments, has an equal inf
36、luence in enacting laws, his veto being absolute; but in America, the executive, besides being elective, is stripped of most of these high sources of influence, and is obliged to keep constantly in view the justice and legality of his acts, both on account of his direct responsibilities, and on acco
37、unt of the force of public opinion.In this country, there is far more to apprehend from Congress, than from the executive, as is seen is the following reasons: Congress is composed of many, while the executive is one, bodies of men notoriously acting with less personal responsibilities than individu
38、al; congress has power to enact laws, which it becomes the duly of the executive to see enforced, and (he really legislative authority of a country is always its greatest authority; from the decisions and constructions of the executive, the citizen can always appeal to the courts for protection, but
39、 no appeal can lie from the acts of congress, except on the grounds of unconstitutionality, the executive has direct personal responsibilities under the laws of the land, for any abuses of his authority, but the member of congress unless guilty of open corruption, is almost beyond personal liabiliti
40、es.It follows that the legislature of this country, by the intention of the constitution, wields the highest authority under the least responsibility, and that it is the power most to be distrusted. Still, all who possess trusts, are to be diligently watched, for there is, no protection against abus
41、es without responsibility, nor any real responsibility, without vigilance.Political partisans, who are too apt to mistake the impulses of their own hostilities and friendships for truths, have laid down many false principles on the subject of the duties of the executive. When a law is passed, il goe
42、s to the executive for execution, through (he executive agents, and, at need to the courts for interpretation. It would seem that there is no discretion vested in the executive concerning the constitutionality of a law. if he distrusts the constitutionality of any law, he can set forth his objection
43、s by resorting to the veto; but it is clearly the intention of the system that the whole legislative power, in the last resort, shall abide in congress, while it is necessaiy to the regular action of the government, that none of its agents, but those who are especially, appointed for that purpose, s
44、hall pretend to interpret the constitution, in practice. The citizen is differently situated. If he conceives himself oppressed by an unconstitutional law, it is his inalienable privilege to raise the question before the courts, where a final interpretation can be had. By this interpretation the exe
45、cutive and all his agents are equally bound to abide. This obligation arises from the necessity of things, as well as from the nature of the institutions. There must be somewhere a power to decide on (he constitutionality of laws, and this power is vested in (he supreme court of the United States, o
46、n final appeal.1. The authors purpose in writing this passage is to indicate .A. the difference between kings and presidentsB. the power of the Supreme CourtC. the limitations of the presidencyD. the irresponsibility of Congress2. According to the author, it is not the presidents responsibility to .
47、A. name his assistantsB. question the constitutionality of a lawC. have an equal status with CongressD. enforce the laws passed by CongressOne difference between a constitutional monarch and the president not mentioned by the author is that the.A. monarch is non-electiveB. monarch has unlimited tenu
48、reC. president has a limited vetoD. president is limited by the constitutionIn this country, it is necessary to have a Supreme Court.A. to settle disputes between the president and CongressB. because Congress needs somebody to determine the constitutionality of lawsC. to protect the individual from the abuses of an unconstitutional lawD. because the president has limited ability to determine the constitutionality of a law enacted by Congress 参考答案：1 C 2c 3B 4c(l.D)Passage 2Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child al a critical period of life can be starved and dam