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1、高考英语易错题解题方法大全（5）：阅读理解【示例1Edward Wilson is Americas, if not the worlds, leading naturalist. In The Future of Life, he takes us on a tour of the worlds natural resources （资3原）.How are they used? What has been lost? What remains and is it able to continue with the present speed of use? Wilson also poin
2、ts out the need to understand fully the biodiversity （生物多样性）of our earth.Wilson begins with an open letter to the pioneer in environment （环境）protection Henry David Thoreau. He compares todays Walden Pond with that of Thoreaus day. Wilson will use such comparisons fbr the rest of the book. The proble
3、m is clean: man has done great damage io his home over the years. Can the earth, with human help, be made to return to biodiversity levels （hat will be able to support us in the future?Biodiversity, Wilson argues, is the key to settling many problems the earth faces today. Even our agricultural crop
4、s can gain advantages from it. A mere hundred species （物种）arc the basis of our food supply, of which but twenty carry the load. Wilson suggests changing this situation by looking into ten thousand species （hat could be made use of, which will be a way （o reduce the clearing of （he natural homes of p
5、lants and animals （o enlarge farming areas.At （he end of the book. Wilson discusses the importance of human values in considering the environment. If you are to continue to live on the earth, you may well read and act on the ideas.72 . We learn from the text that Wilson cares most about .A. the envi
6、ronment for plantsB. the biodiversity of our earthC. the waste of natural resourcesD. the importance of human values.How many species are most important to our present food supply?A. Twenty.B. EightyC. One hundred.D. Ten thousand.73 .Wilson suggests that one way to keep biodiversity is to .A. learn
7、how to farm scientificallyB. build homes for some dying speciesC. make it clear what to eat island. It had come to rescue him. How did you know I was here? asked (he weary man of his rescuers. We saw your smoke signal, they replied.It is easy to get discouraged when things are going bad.But we shoul
8、dnt lose heart, because God is at work in our lives, even in the midst of pain and suffering.Remember, next time your little hut is burning to the ground it just may be a smoke signal ihat summons ihe grace of God.For all the negative things we have to say to ourselves, God has a positive answer for
9、 it.1. The proper title of the passage is .A. God Is Wherever We Need HimB. We should have a Positive Attitude to LifeC. A Story Happened on An Uninhabited IslandD. A Survivor Was How to Be SavedAfter the survivor seeing his hut burning to the ground, he.A. was very angry and frightened and didnt sl
10、eepB. was very sad and disappointed and didnt sleepC. was so angry and sad that he slept without consciousnessD. was so surprised that he slept without consciousnessFrom the story we can infer.A. that the survivor was a lucky dogB. God is a kind and considerable old manC. God is willing to help anyo
11、ne who helps oneselfD. You are what you eatThe meaning of the underlined part a smoke signal that summons Ihe grace of God“ may be.A. a smoke signal that shows Gods ideaB. a piece of information that God sends out to inform rescuers.C. an order that God gives to punish the man who is in troubleD. a
12、signal that shows Gods kindness to help the man in trouble参考答案及解析:I.【错解分析】典型错误A.错因分析：没有考虑到文章的主题。【解题指导】选择适合的文章标题。从全文来看，C项比较全面，且能概括文章的内容。选 择文章的标题属于主旨大意题。要在通读全文的基础上，认真分析主人公的特定心态、文章 大意及作者的写作意图，在此基础I：还要做到概括性、针对性、醒目性的有机结合。【答案】本题的正确选项为C。2 .【错解分析】典型错误D.错因分析对下文章的细节处理解不到位。解题指导】细节理解题。根据文章中的“He was stunned with
13、 grief and anger. God how could you do this to me!” he cried.”可知。在做细节理解题时，一定要回到原文中找出与答题内容相关 的词语和句子，在理解原文的基础上选择答案，找到关键词后最好在下面划线，以便检查。【答案】本题的正确选项为C.3 .【错解分析】典型错误C.错因分析：片面理解文章，以致于得出错误的结论。【解题指导】推理判断题。从文章开头我们知道，这位主人公是一位失船事故的幸存者， 并且文章的最后我们可以看出因意外的茅屋失火，他却意想不到的得救。因此，可知主人公 是一位幸运儿。推理判断题要忠于原以文章提供的事实和线索想象，随意想象，
14、更不能 己自己的观点代替作者的观点。【答案】本题的正确选项为A。4 .【错解分析】典型错误A.错因分析：释不达意，胡乱猜测【解题指导】句意的解释。grace意为“恩泽”；summon意为“传唤”；本句话的意思为“传唤 上帝恩泽的一个烟信号因此，可知D项更符合句意。句子的解释是最近几年来高考新出现 的题型，要根据上下文来推测。【答案】本题的正确选项为D.D. use more species for food75.We can infer that the text is .A. a description of natural resourcesB. a research reportC. a
15、 book reviewD. an introduction to a scientist参考答案及解析72.【错解分析】典型错误A.错因分析没有抓住文章的重点，以次代主，以点代面.【解题指导】本题属于判断推理题.这类题要求学生在理解文章中直接陈述的观点或描 述的事实基础上，领悟作者的弦外之意，得出符合作者意愿的结论，即作者没有在文章中明 说的。要得出正确的推理仅以阅读材料为前题还不够，还必须结合自己应有的常识。本题的 关键提示信息在第三段中的第一句话.【答案】本题的正确选项为B.【答案】本题的正确选项为A.74 .【错解分析】典型错误A.错因分析信息错位，群意不清.【解题指导】本题是细节理解
16、题.属于间接辨认题，要正确地理解文章中具体信息的含义， 并用同义或是近义的形式复述出来.本题的选项依据为第三段的最后一句话.【答案】本题的正确选项为D.75 .【错解分析】典型错误A.错因分析关键信息没有抓住，以点代面.【解题指导】本题是推理判断题.推理判断要根据文章中的信息来判断,不能依据自己的主 观判断,也不能以点代面.本题推断依据为文章开始部分的77亭Future of Life 一书的基本内容, 然后重点谈及Biodiversity的重要性，最后根据文章最后一段，由此可以判断出本题选C项.【答案】本题的正确选项为C.【练习1】WANG Hao and Wang Liqin, two o
17、f Chinas top table tennis players, both saw the World Table Tennis Championships as a chance to prove themselves. But there was only one champion （冠军） and Wang Hao, 25, won it last Tuesday in Yokohama , Japan.Wang Hao, who won the mens doubles title with Chen Qi last Monday, played with spirit to be
18、at Wang Liqin 11-9, 13-11, 11-5. 11-9.Wang Hao said it was his mental toughness （心理稳定）that made the difference. I was disappointed by my performances in past championships and the last two Olympic Games. But I have tried (o pull myself together and prepared well. This is (he result.Wang Hao said he
19、has always understood the importance of physical training and technical skills. Now he knows the need for mental preparation as well. Having two Olympic silvers had left him feeling bitter (痛苦的).The bitterness perhaps explains why he has not always played at his best in the past.Ive come to understa
20、nd that you can learn important lessons from failure, he said. Losing can build your character and make you a stronger player. His next goal, or dream, is to win (he gold medal al the London Olympics in .Liu Guoliang, head coach of Chinas table tennis team, sang the praises of Wang Haos victory. Thi
21、s is just the beginning of his rise,* said Liu. Its the confidence-booster he needs to make further progress.According to the passage, Wang Hao won gold medals in the World Tabic Tennis Championships in Yokohama, Japan.A. only oneB. twoC. threeD. fourFrom Wang Hao, we can know the main reason for hi
22、s beating Wang Liqin is.A. his technical skillsB. his physical trainingC. his mental toughnessD. his past experienceWhat is the next goal of Wang Hao?A. To win (he title of the champion at the OlympicsB. To beat Wang Liqin againC. To prove himself in the future compelitionsD. To win more golds in fu
23、tureWhat can we learn from Wang Hao?A. Failure is the mother of success.B. Never give up until you succeed.C. Where there is a will, there is a way.D. A good beginning makes a good ending.参考答案及解析：L【错解分析】典型错误A.错因分析没有全面地阅读文章，以点代面了。【解题指导】细节理解题。根据文章第一段和第二段可知。此类题可以带着问题在文中采 用查读法寻找答案。【答案】本题的正确选项为B.【解题指导】细节
24、理解题。根据文章第三段中的第一句话可知。对于细节理解题的选项的 选择，一定要理解题干，并防止以次代主。【答案】本题的正确选项为C。【答案】本题的正确选项为A。4.【错解分析】典型错误B或C.错因分析在于学生对文章的理解不透彻。【解题指导】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段可知。推理判断题要认真研读文章，根据 文章中的内容来进行推理判断。【答案】本题的正确选项为A。【示例2Dear Hamilton,We are fortunate that in such a large, high-pressure office we all get along so well. You are one of
25、the people who keep the social temperature at such a comfortable setting. I dont know anyone in the office who is better liked than you.You can perhaps help with this. The collection of contributions towards gifts for employees personal-life events is becoming a little troubling. Certainly, the grou
26、p sending of a gift is reasonable now and then. In the past month, however, (here have been collections for two baby shower gifts, one wedding shower gift, two wedding gifts, one funeral (葬礼)remembrance, four birthday gifts, and three graduation gifts.It,s not only the collected-from who are growing
27、 uncomfortable (and poor), but the collected-fbr feel uneasy receiving gifts from people who dont know them outside the office, who wouldnt even recognize their graduating children, their marrying daughters and sons, or their dead relatives.This is basically a kind gesture (and one that people think
28、 well of you for), but the practice seems to have become too wide-ranging and feels improper in todays office setting.Thank you fbr understanding.63. The underlined word “contributions“ probably means.A. money B. suggestions C. reports D. understanding 64. Hamilton is expected to.A. show more kindne
29、ss.B. discontinue the present practiceC. quit being the organizer for gift givingD. know more about co-workers familiesThis is basically a letter of.A. apology B. sympathy C. appreciation D. dissatisfaction 参考答案.【错解分析】典型错误D.错因分析释不达意，胡乱猜测.【解题指导】本题考查词义猜测.对于词义的猜测可以有许多的方法,常见的方法是根据上 下文所举例子来猜测.本题就是根据文中的In
30、 the past month, however, there have been collections for two baby shower gifts, one wedding shower gift, two wedding gifts, one funeral （葬 礼）remembrance, four birthday gifts, and three graduation gifts.可猜测出 contributions 的意思为“ 礼金，份子【答案】本题的正确选项为A.63 .【错解分析】典型错误A.错因分析无视主题，以点带面.【解题指导】本题考查细节推测题.对于细节推测的
31、理解要以文章的中心为依据并根据文章 中的具体信息来推测，做到有根据的选答案，并且信息点定要找准，防止张冠李戴.本题选择 依据为倒数第二段中的but the practice seems to have become too wide-ranging and feels improper in todays office setting. *【答案】本题的正确选项为B.64 .【错解分析】典型错误C.错因分析无视主题，以点带面.【解题指导】本题考查主旨大意.这类问题属于全局性问题。要做好这类问题必须找出文 章中心思想句。把注意力放在阅读材料的开头和结尾，放在观点性、归纳性和概括性的句子 上,放在
32、被许多句子说明和证实的句子上。并注意由in summary, in a word, as a result, finally, in short, in conclusion和in brief等“信号词”引导的句子。本题的答案依据为feels improper in todays office setting.,以及最后一句话，因此答案为D项.【答案】本题的正确选项为D.【练习2】Have you ever used solar energy to boil a bottle of water or take a shower? Have you ever thought that solar
33、 energy is far away from our daily lives? You may doubt about that. In Japan, there is a wonderful program of Solar City.Solar City is located 80.000 meters northwest of Tokyo, among the strawberry fields. This is one of Japans sunniest places. Solar City covers about 410,000 square metres. Seventy-
34、five percent of the homes there are covered by solar panels. The government has provided people there with the solar panels for free. In addition, the government has paid 9.7 billion yen to study how to make full use of solar energy. A number of solar energy companies have also given money to help t
35、his program.People living in Solar City think using solar panels is a good way to save money. However, saving money is not the only reason why people are moving into this city. We moved here because of the panels. It was something wc wanted/ said Mika Hiroshima. She moved to Solar City with her husb
36、and and two little children about four years ago.It is well known that Japan is a country that is short of energy, but the Solar City program has brought hope fbr the country. People want solar energy, said an official of Solar City. Actually in Solar City, there are 550 families making use of solar
37、 energy at the moment. All of (hem say (hat they want to keep using solar energy even after the program ends in . In sunny days, solar panels are able to provide more than enough energy for a normal family. However, the solar panels are not that useful in cloudy days. Despite this, Solar City is sti
38、ll a wonderful program because it inspires people to wisely use the limited energy.1. The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to.A. test the readers knowledge about solar energyB. draw the readers attention to the topicC. learn the situation that solar energy is usedD. invi
39、te the readers to answer themThe third paragraph of the passage is mainly about.A. the reason why people arc moving into Solar CityB. how the people are living in Solar CityC. the things (hat people living in Solar City needD. the life experience from the people living in Solar CityIt can be inferre
40、d from (he passage that.A. Japan is a countiy which is lacking in energyB. the solar panels are only useful in sunny daysC. the Solar City program will be successfulD. Solar City is a very modern big city参考答案及解析：1 .【错解分析】典型错误A.错因分析：信息错位，张冠李戴。题干是考查文章开头的写作目 的，而非全篇的写作目的。【解题指导】写作目的题。作者在文章开头提出问题让读者思考，或是简
41、单介绍与主题有 关的其他事物，目的往往是为了引出主题，故选B。【答案】本题的正确选项为B。2 .【错解分析】典型错误B.错因分析是没有抓住文章段落的主题。【解题指导】主旨大意题。从本段来看，第一句话说出，生活在太阳城使用太阳电池板省 钱。第二句话说出了，生活在太阳城不仅是为了省钱，还为了太阳电池板。因此，可知答案 为A。考查文章的段落大意，此时要注意段落的主题句，可位于段首，段尾或段落的中间，也 有的要从段中自己提取的。【答案】本题的正确选项为A。3 .【错解分析】典型错误A或B.错因分析是没有掌握试题的特点，推理判断题要从文中进行 推断，而不是文中的原话。【解题指导】推理判断题。根据文章的最
42、后一段中的“All of them say that they want to keep using solar energy even after the program ends in .”可知。止匕项目的目的达到 了。因此，C 项正确。 D 项，可根据文中的“Solar City covers about 410,000 square metres.”知，Solar City 并不是一个 大城市。A、B两项是文中的事实，而非推理。推理判断题分为简单推理和复杂推理。所谓简 单推理就是以表面文字为前提，以具体事实为依据进行推理，做出判断。这种推理方式比较 直接，只要弄清事实，即可结合常识推断
43、出合理的结论。而复杂推理就是不但要以文字为依 据，而且还要以文章的语境、内涵为前提。这是一种间接而复杂的逻辑推理方式。考生要推 断出文章没有表明但又合乎逻辑的推理，就必须由表及里地归纳或演绎。【答案】本题的止确选项为以【示例3】People believes that climbing can do good to health. Where can you learn the skill of climbing then? If you think that you have to go to the mountains to learn how to climb, youre wrong.
44、 Many Americans are learning to climb in city gyms（体育馆）.Here, people are learning on climbing. The climbing wall goes straight up and small holding places for hands and feet.How do people climb the wall? To climb, you need special shoes and （保护带）around your chest to hold you. There are ropes（绳索）tied
45、 to your. The ropes hold you in place so that you dont fall. A beginners wall is usually about 15 feet high, and you climb straight up. There arc small pieces of metal that stick out for you to stand on and hold on to. Sometimes ifs easy to see the new piece of metal. Sometimes, its not. The most di
46、fficult is an your fear. It*s normal for humans to be afraid of falling, so its difficult not to feel fear. But when you move away from the wall, the and the ropes hold you, and you begin to feel safe. You move slowly until you reach the top.Climbing attracts people because its good exercise fbr alm
47、ost everyone. You use your whole body, especially your arms and legs. This sport gives your body a complete workout. When you climb, both your mind and your body can become stronger.64. What can we infer from the passage?A. People are fairly interested in climbing nowadays.B. It is impossible to bui
48、ld up ones body by climbing.C. People can only learn the skill of climbing outdoors.D. It is always easy to see holding places in climbing.65. The most difficult thing to do in wall climbing is.A. to tie ropes to yourB. to control your fearC. to move away from the wallD. to climb straight upThe word “workout“ underlined in the last paragraph most probably means.A. settlementB. exercise C. excitement D. tirednessWhy does the author write this passage?A. To tell people where to find gyms. B. To prove the basic need fbr climbingC.