《高三英语精华知识点复习学案5(专题04 情态动词).docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高三英语精华知识点复习学案5(专题04 情态动词).docx（22页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、专题04情态动词情态动词表示说话人对动作或状态的各种观点和态度，如需要、猜测、意愿或 怀疑等。情态动词有词义，但不完全，是所谓的辅助性动词，在句中不能单独 充当谓语。一、情态动词的特征和形式A.情态动词的各种形式见下表:情态动词否定式简略否定式maymightcancouldmusthave to ought towillwouldshallshouldneeddareused tomay notmight notcannot can notcould notmust notdo not have to ought not to will not would not shall not sho
2、uld notneed notdare not used not to did not use tomaynl （老式英语，现在不常 见）mightntcantcouldntmustn*tdont have tooughtnt to （否定句中to可 省略）wontwouldntshant （只用于英国英语）shouldntneedntdarentusednt todidnt use toB.情态动词除ought to, used to等外，后面只接不带to的不定式。He will surf the Internet every night.他每天晚上都在上网。The boy will sit
3、 there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by.那男孩常常坐在那儿好几个钟头，看着车辆行人通过。He would be nervous when he met strangers.遇见陌生人时他总是很紧张。In class he would ask some silly questions, and his classmates would laugh at him. 课上，他总是问一些蠢问题，他的同学们总是嘲笑他。4. will可表示固执坚持，这时will不可使用R的简略形式。用于非人称主语时， 表示物体的固有性质和倾向。I will
4、take the job, and no one can stop me.我就要这个工作，没有人可阻止我。He wont do what he*s told.他就是不愿按所吩咐的去做。The window wont open. 窗 子打不开。This glass will not crack under heavy pressure.这种玻璃在重压下也不会破碎。5. will表示将来时间时，不可用于条件状语从句，但will表示意愿或决心时， 可用于条件状语从句。If you will read the book, Ill lend it to you.如果你愿意读这本书，我会把它借给 你。If
5、 you will give up smoking, your health will improve.如果你愿意把烟戒掉的话，你的健康状况就会好转。6. will和would可表示推论或猜测。The patient took the sleeping pills an hour ago. He will be asleep now. 病人一小时前吃的安眠药，现在应该睡着了。It would be about ten when he left home.他大约在十点钟离开的家。I thought he would have told you about it.我认为他已告知你此事。It wou
6、ld be raining when she went home.她回家时可能正在下雨。比较：Would you like表示邀请 Do you like表示习惯Do you like going go the cinema?你喜欢看电影吗？Yes,I go to the cinema a lot. 是的，我经常去看电影。Would you like to go to the cinema tonight?今天晚上去看电影好吗？Yes,Id love to.非常乐意。E. shall 和 shouldshall表示征询意见或请求指示，用于一、三人称疑问句。Shall I carry it fo
7、r you?我来帮你搬它,好吗？Shall we sing a song?我们唱一支歌，好吗？Shall they wait outside?让他们在外面等吗？Shall the waiter bring meals to your room?要服务员把饭送到你房间去吗？ 提示：Shall I open the window?我打开窗子好吗？Will you open the window?你打开窗子好吗？Shall he open the window?他打开窗子好吗？表示说话人的意愿，有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思，用于第二、三人 称陈述句中。You shall do as I say
8、.按我说的做。（命令）He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you.我告诉你，总有一天他会后悔的。（警 告）You shall fall behind in your exam if you keep playing.如果你一直玩，你就会在考 试中落后。Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan.什么也阻止不了我们执行这项计 划。（决心）He shall have the book when I finish reading.我看完这本书就给他看。（允诺）I shall do my homewor
9、k after reading this story book.读完这本故事书后我就做 作业。1. should表示义务，意为“应该”（某件事宜于做），用于各种人称。Children should obey their parents.儿童应该服从他们的父母。One shouldnt be selfish.人千万别自私。Customers who get bad service should complain, shouldnt they没有得到满意服务的顾客应该抱怨，不是吗？常与what, how, why等词连用，表示意外、惊讶等情绪。How should I know?我怎么会知道呢Wh
10、y should I fear?我为什么会害怕？What should she do but cry for help?除了 呼救外，她还能干什么？I dont know why you should think I did it.我真不知道你凭什么认为这件事是我 干的。表示对过去、现在或将来情况的某种推测，可译为“可能、照说应该。It should be fine tomorrow.明天可能天是晴天。He should be taking a bath now.他可能在洗澡。Its nearly seven oclock. Jack should be here at any moment.
11、已经快七点了，杰克随时都可能到这儿。The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors.这部新电影是一流演员主演的，估计拍得很好。表示对现在或以前的动作的责怪、批评（应做的事却没做）。The boys shouldnt be playing football. They should be at school.这些男孩子不应该在踢足球，他们应该在上课。You shouldnt have entered the teachers office without permission.没有允许你们不应该进老师办公室。F.
12、 ought to1 .表示义务，意为“应该”（因责任、义务而该做），口气比should稍重。We ought to defend our country.我们应当保卫我们的国家。（每一个公民应尽 的义务）You ought to respect your parents.你应当尊敬你的父母。Oughtnt we to do everything possible to stop pollution.难道我们不应当尽可能地制止污染吗？2 .表示推测，暗含很大的可能，可译为“应该是，会是。Prices ought to come down soon.价格可能会很快下跌。Han Mei ought
13、 to know his telephone number.韩梅该知道他的电话号码。Theres a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow.今天有晚霞，明天应该是个好天。3 . ought to和should一样，表示对现在或以前应做的事却没做的责怪、批评。You ought to be washing your clothes. Why are you playing Ping-Pong你应该在洗衣服（可是你没洗）。为什么你在打乒乓球？You ought to have handed in the exercise last week
14、.你上周就应当交练习。（可你没交，含责备的意思。）He ought to have asked me before he took my bike.他在用我自行车之前应该和 我讲一声。4 . ought to 与 should 的比较。ought to和should的含义较近，但不完全相同。ought lo表示“应该”，是从“义 务或按理推断的角度来讲的。should则是从说话人的个人看法这一角度来讲的。You are her mother. You ought to look after her.你是她的母亲，你应当照管她。（是道义上的责任，不能和should互换。）We should en
15、courage him for we are his classmates.我们应该鼓励他，我们是他的同班同学啊！提示：表示“义务”时，我们在口语中可以用had better或be supposed to来代替should 和 ought tooIf you are not well, you had better ask Alice to go instead.如果你不舒服，你最好叫艾丽丝代替你去。Im supposed to be there at 8 oclock.我应该八点到那里。G. used to1. used to表示过去的习惯或过去某时期的状况，但现在已不存在。He used
16、to drink tea but now he drinks coffee.他过去总是喝茶但现在他喝咖啡了。（强调现在不喝茶了）I know where there used to be a river here.我知道这儿以前哪里有条河。（现在 没有河了）When I was a child I didnt use to like tomatoes.我小时候不喜欢吃西红柿。He is not what he used to be.他已不是原来的他了。Where did you use to live before you came here来此之前你住在什么地方？2. would和used
17、to的用法区别。used to表示过去与现在或过去某时与后来的情况有不同，强调“现已无此习惯 了”，而would只表示过去的情况，与现在无关。When he was young, he would smoke a lot.他年轻时总是吸许多烟。（不含有和现在比较，现在他也许还在抽，也许不抽To ）He used to live in the country, but now he lives in the city.他过去住在乡卜，现在 住在城里。used to可表示过去的习惯动作或状态，而would只表示过去的习惯动作。Kate used to be very thin.以前凯特非常瘦。Th
18、ere used to be a building at the street corner, but it has been pulled down.街道拐角处过去有座楼房，现在拆了。（不用would）used to可泛指过去的习惯动作或状态，而would表示过去的习惯动作时，往 往要带有一个特定的时间状语。【误】We would play hide-and-seek in the fields.【正】We used to play hide-and-seek in the fields.我们过去常在田野里玩捉迷藏。【正】 Whenever we were in the country, w
19、e would play hide-and-seek in the fields. 每当我们在乡下，我们都在田野里玩捉迷藏。H. daredare既可用作情态动词，也可用作行为动词，指勇气和胆量上的可能，可译为 “敢1 .情态动词daredare作为情态动词时主要用于疑问句和否定句，一般不用于肯定句中。I dare not daren*t walk through the forest at night.我不敢在黑夜穿过森林。Dare you walk through the forest at night 你敢在黑夜穿过森林吗？Yes, I dare. 是的，我敢。一 No, I daren
20、t.不，我不敢。He dare not drive too fast on the rainy day.下雨天他不敢开得太快。He dared not do it last year.去年他不敢做这事。（dare的过去时为dared） 可以用于表示怀疑的名词性从句中。I wonder how he dare say such things.我真奇怪他怎么竟敢说出这样的话。We dont know whether he dare climb the mountain.我们不知道彳也是否敢爬那座 山。可以用于条件状语从句中。If the enemy dare enter the village,
21、well fight against them to the end.如果敌人敢进入村里，我们就和他们战斗到底。If you dare cheat in your exam, I will give you some punishment.如果你们敢在考试中作弊，我就惩罚你们。2 .行为动词daredare可以作为行为动词，多用于肯定句中，但也可用在疑问句和否定句中He will dare any danger.他敢面对任何危险。He dared me to jump over the stream.他激我跳过小溪。Did anyone dare to admit it?有人敢于承认吗？I h
22、ave never dared （to） go back to take a look.我再也不敢返回去看一眼了。（否定句中to可省略）和其他行为动词一样，dare在句子中要随着主语的人称和数发生变化。He doesnt dare to walk at night.他不敢走夜路。（作行为动词）He darent walk at night.他不敢走夜路。（作情态动词）Does he dare to walk at night?他敢走夜路吗？（作行为动词）Dare he walk at night?他敢走夜路吗？（作情态动词）He didn*t dare to walk at night fif
23、teen years ago. 15 年前他不敢走夜路。（作行为 动词）He darent walk （=dared not walk） at night fifteen years ago.15年前他不敢走夜路。（作情态动词）Will you dare to do the same experiment tomorrow?明天你敢做同样的实验吗？ （作行为动词）Dare you do the same experiment tomorrow?明天你敢做同样的实验吗？（作情态动词） 必背：英语口语中dare的几个常用结构： I dare say. 我想，大概，可能，或许I dare say t
24、hings will improve.我想情况会好转的。 How dare you . 你怎么敢？How dare you ask me such a question ?你怎么敢问我这样的问题？ I dare you .我谅你也不敢I dare you to tell your parents!我谅你也不敢告诉你父母！I. need1 .情态动词needneed和dare 一样，作为情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句，一般不用于 肯定句中(在肯定句中常被must, have to, ought to, should等情态动词取代)。作 为情态动词，它的词形只有need一种形式。You nee
25、dnt return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like. 你现 在不必还书，如果愿意，你可以下周还。(neednt = dont have to)Need I hand in my homework now?我现在就要交家庭作业吗？Need he finish the article next week.他要下个星期完成这篇文章吗？-Yes, he must.是的，他必须完成。No, he neednt.不，他不需要。(=he doesnt have to)2.行为动词needneed和dare一样，也可以作行为动
26、词，可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句中。行 为动词need有人称和数的变化。Plant needs water.植物需要水。My shirt needs a button.我的衬衫需要一枚钮 扣。My car needs repairing.我的车该修理 了。He has grown up. We dont need to worry about him.他已经长大了，我们不必为 他担心。You dont need to buy so many things for the picnic.你不必为这次野餐买这么多 东西。Patience is needed for that job.干那工作，需要
27、耐心。提示：Need作为情态动态时，不要用于肯定句中。【误】She need do her homework by herself, (need作为情态动词时，不用于肯定 句中)【正】She needs to do her homework by herself.她该独立完成家庭作业。三、情态动词+动词完成式“情态动词+have done”是情态动词的一个十分重要的结构，这种结构有两个主要 的用法。表示对过去发生的动作或状态的推测或估计may might have done表示“大概已经”通常用于肯定句和否定句。might有时可用于疑问句。can could have done表示“可能已经“
28、通常用于疑问句和否定句。could有时可用于肯定句。must have done表示“一定已经”只用于肯定句，具有较大的可能性 should have done表示“该”,可能性较小 表示对过去发生的动作的遗憾或责备 might have done表示“本可以 通常用于肯定句 could have done表示“本可以 通常用于肯定句。should have done表示“应该 可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句。ought to have done 表示“应该“ 同 should have done。neednt have done 表示“本没有必要”只用于否定句。A. may /might /h
29、ave done1 .表示对过去事实不大肯定的推测，常译为“可能已经工They might have taken a later train.也许他们乘坐的是晚一点儿的火车。He seems to know the city quite well. He may have been there before.他似乎对那 个城市很熟悉，他以前可能去过那儿。2 .表示“本来应该或可以做但没有做某事”，含有轻微的责备口吻或遗憾。You might have given him more help, though you were busy.你本来应该给他更 多的帮助，虽然你很忙。The propos
30、al might have been refused.这个建议本该拒绝的。B , cancould have done.表示对过去事实的推测，常用于否定句和疑问句。He cant couldnt have watched TV yesterday for he knew they would have an exam. 昨天他不可能看电视，因为他知道快要考试了。I dont know why she didnt call me yesterday. Can (Could) she have forgotten my telephone number我不知道昨天她为什么没给我打电话，难道她会把我
31、的电话号 码忘了吗？He didn*t come to school yesterday. Can he have been ill 他昨天没来学校，难道他 生病了？1 . could可表示对过去能做而未做的事感到惋惜、遗憾，可译成“本来是可以 的”。Why didnt Sophie apply for the job She could have got it.为什么索菲不申请这项 工作？她本来是能得到的。Why did you stay at a hotel when you went to New York You could have stayed with Barbara.你到纽约时
32、为什么住宾馆？你完全可以和芭芭拉住在一起的。Given more time, we could have done the work better.如果给我们更多的时间，我 们完全可以把这项工作干得更好。C. must have done.表示对过去事实有把握的推测，具有较大的可能性。只用于肯定句中，否定 句和疑问句用cancould have done。His watch must have slopped.他的表肯定停 了。一 I rang your flat yesterday. A man answered but I didnt recognize the voice. 昨天 我给你
33、家打电话，一位男士接了电话，但我没听出来是谁的声音。Oh, it must have been my brother Peter.哦，那一定是我哥哥彼得。1 .用于虚拟语气中时，表示与过去事实相反。You must have caught the bus if you had got up earlier.如果你早一点儿起床的话, 你准能赶上那一班公共汽车了。(事实上没有赶上公共汽车)He must have won the game if he had been careful enough.如果他足够细心的话， 他准能赢得比赛。.2 .情态动词+doYou shouldnt be so c
34、areless.你不该这样粗心大意。Jessica told him yesterday she might not go on the trip.杰西卡昨天告诉他，她可能不去旅行了。Difficulties can and must be overcome.困难能够而且必须克服。3 .情态动词+be doingShe must be listening to pop music. 她肯定在听流行音乐。You should be reviewing your lessons.你应该在复习功课。My mother maymight be cooking now.我妈妈可能正在做饭。4 .情态动词
35、+have doneThey might have visited the Great Wall.他们可能参观过长城 了。He must have got up very early to catch the train.他一定起得很早去赶火车了。You ought to have come earlier.你本该早一点儿来。5 .情态动词+be doneThis word can also be used as a verb.这个词也可以用作动词。Something must be done to stop pollution.必须采取措施来制止污染。The work ought to ha
36、ve been finished long ago.这工作早就该完成了。C.情态动词第三人称单数一般现在时没有词形变化。You ought to wear a raincoat.你应该穿件雨衣。She ought to wear a raincoat.她应该穿件雨衣。Plants must have oxygen in order to live.为了存活植物必须有氧气。A plant must have oxygen in order to live.为了存活植物必须有氧气。D.情态动词的时态并不是区分时间的主要标志。在一些场合中，情态动词的现 在式和过去式都可以表示现在时间、过去时间或将来
37、时间。Im afraid it might rain tonight.我看今晚可能要下雨。Could I borrow your thermos?我可以借用你的暧水瓶吗？D. neednt have done用于对过去的责备，表示“没有必要做某事，可是做了”。The airport is close to us. You neednt have hurried there early.机场离这儿很近， 你没必要早早地赶到那里。（可是你早早地到那儿了）He is still young. You neednt have sent him such an expensive present. 他还
38、小，你 没必要送他这么昂贵的礼物。注意：如表示“过去不必做也没有做”之意，需用didnl need to do。It is not cold today. I didnt need to take the thick sweaters out.今天天气不冷，我 没有必要把厚毛衣拿出来。（实际上也没拿）shouldought to have done1 .表示对过去动作的责备或批评。You should have gone over your lessons. （In fact you didnt go over your lessons.） 你们应把功课复习好的。（可事实上你们没有。）You
39、shouldnt have watched TV last night. （In fact you watched TV last night.）你 们昨天晚上本不该看电视。（可你们看了。）You oughtnt to have entered the teachers1 office without permission. 没有经过允许, 你们本不该进老师的办公室。You oughtnt to have gone to the deserted place alone.你不该独自去那荒凉之地。2 .表示期待或推测。If the flight was on time, you should o
40、ught to have arrived in Shanghai early this morning.如果航班准点的话，你今早就能到上海了。The building should ought to have been completed by the end of the week. 这幢建 筑物本周末前应该能完工。E. would have done表示与过去事实相反的假设或结果。I would have been happy to see him, but I didnt have time.我会很高兴和他见面 的，但我没时间见他。If your father had still bee
41、n alive, he would have felt very proud of you. 你父亲如 果还健在的话，他会为你骄傲的。Its a nice day today. We could go for a walk.今天天气不错,我们可以出去散散 步。E.情态动词是互相排斥的，一般不允许两个意义相近的情态动词连用。【误】Soldiers must have to obey orders.【正】Soldiers have to obey orders.军人必须服从命令。【正】 Soldiers must obey orders.军人必须服从命令。【误】Can I be able to b
42、orrow two books at a time?【正】Can I borrow two books at a time?我能一次借两本书吗？【正】Will I be able to borrow two books at a time ?我能一次借两本书吗？二、情态动词的意义和用法may 和 might1 .表示请求、许可，常译为“可以在口语中可用can, could代替may,但在正式场合用may。表示允许时，也可用 might代替，might不表示过去时，而是表示口气比较婉转。You may take this seat if you like.如果你喜欢可以坐这个位置。May/Can
43、 /Could/ Might I have a talk with you ?我可以和你谈谈吗？-May/Might I come into the room to see my mother?我可以进房间看我母亲吗？No, you mustnt. She needs to have a good rest.不，你不能进。她需要好好休 息。提示：May I.问句常见的肯定回答和否定回答。肯定 1口1 答 Yes, please. Certainly. Yes, of course. Sure. Go ahead, please.否定回答No, you cant.（最常见）No, you mus
44、tnt.（具有强烈禁止的意思） Please dont. Youd better not. I dont think you can. Im sorry its not allowed.2 .表示推测，可译为“可能，也许”。Your math teacher maymight be in his office.你们的数学老师可能在办公室里。（一般情况下，might表示的可能性很小）The light isnt on. It maymight be broken.那盏灯没有亮，它可能坏了。There may might be some ink left in the bottle.瓶子里也许还剩
45、点儿墨水。 注意：用may表示推测一般不用于疑问句，在疑问句中通常用can来代替。Can he be at home?他可能在家吗？一 Can it be true?这可能是真的吗？-It may be, or may not be.可能是，也可能不是。3 .用在目的状语从句中，构成谓语。He wants to take a taxi so that he may get there in time.他想坐出租车，这样他就能及时到达那里。I arrived at the airport earlier in order that I might meet him.我早早地就到了机场为了能接到他
46、。4 .有时可以用于祈使句表示祝愿。May you succeed.祝你成功 May you be happy.祝你快乐。May that day come soon.希望这一天早日到来。A. can 和 could1 .表示能力，可译为“能，会I can swim.我会游泳。Emily can dance well and her mother could dance well when she was young. 艾米丽舞跳得很好，她妈妈年轻时舞跳得也很好。The cinema can seat 1,000 people.这电影院能容纳 1, 000 人。I could not read
47、 such an easy book when I was 7 years old.我七岁时连如此简单的书我也看不懂。2 .表示允许、许可，常用在口语中。could比can语气上要客气。Could I use your dictionary?我可以用一下你的字典吗？Yes, go ahead.可以，用吧。（或 Yes, you can.但不能说 Yes, you could.） Could Can you tell me how to get to the zoo?劳驾，你能告诉我怎么去动物园吗？ He asked me whether he could take the book out of the reading room.他问我可不可以把书带出阅览室。3 .表示推测，可用于肯定句（can罕见）、否定句和疑问句，但更常见于疑问句 或否定句。在此种用法中can和could没有时态的区