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1、2023届上海市青浦区高三上学期期末(一模)英语试卷学校:姓名：班级：考号：一、用单词的适当形式完成短文Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word
2、that best fits each blank.Clues a( Ancient Lake Site Reveal Earliest Known Cooked MealScientists have found the earliest known evidence of cooking at an archaeological site in Israel. The discovery has suggested prehistoric humans were able to deliberately make fires to cook food at least 780,000 ye
3、ars ago.The detailed study of fish teeth unearthed at the Gcshcr Bcnot Ya aqov site revealed that some of our early ancestors - most likely Homo erectus ( 直立猿人)believed (o be the first hominin ( 古人族) I (migrate) outside Africa were able to cook fish, said Dr. Irit Zohar, a researcher at Tel Aviv Uni
4、versitys Steinhardt Museum of Natural History.No human remains 2( find) at the site before, but the stone tools matched3. found at Homo erectus sites across Africa, Zohar said. She said the lake would have been shallow, and it might have been easy to catch large fish like the extinct Luc iobarbus lo
5、ngiccps, which 4 grow up to. 5 feet (2 meters), by hand.This is an incredibly important discovery 5 the shift to eating cooked meals meant humans spent less energy on the intensive work of searching for and digesting raw food, freeing up 6, Diet has had a big impact on the evolution of our species.
6、It hasbeen suggested 7 the consumption of meat in particular contributed to the increase in relative brain size of our early Homo ancestors but they risked 8( contract)diseases while consuming the uncooked meat which was likely to be contaminated by infective bacteria, Linscott said.44Cooking, howev
7、er, kills bacteria and increases the energetic value of meat, 9 (create) a new reliable food source for early hominins. Understanding when this happened is therefore a topic of great interest, because it might help to explain 10 ourhominin ancestors evolved the way in which they did. ”There are many
8、 reasons that online training may work for you. As long as you have access to pre-downloaded videos or a WiFi connection for streaming videos, you can work out wherever you are.Besides, compared with similar offline programs, most online fitness programs range in cost between $10 and $20 per month.
9、This is due in part to the wider audience and the greater opportunity (o sell programs to more people.All this growth is incredibly positive - i( provides health and fitness resources to the general consumer wherever they happen to be, without requiring access to a gym or fitness studio. But its not
10、 without problems.The first thing to think about when considering an online fitness program is ”know yoursclf. If you struggle with self-motivation, you dont like exercising at home, and you prefer a social workout environment, online fitness may not be for you. Not to mention the fact that very few
11、 online fitness programs enable the instructor to see you, check your form, and offer modifications or corrections based on your performance. This means you might perform exercises incorrectly, or even unsafely, without knowing it, which is particularly concerning fbr beginners and those recovering
12、from injuries, as theyre more likely to perfonn exercises incorrectly.Therefore, like any training format, there arc pros and cons to consider when deciding if it is right for you. Take time and make the most suitable decision to reap more benefits.七、汉译英（整句）.请核对一下购物单，免得漏了什么东西。（in case）（汉译英）52 .这部经典文
13、学作品老幼皆宜，非常值得一读。（worth）（汉译英）.这家餐厅虽以素菜为其特色，但也吸引了无肉不欢者前来尝鲜。（feature）（汉译英）53 .这个自然保护区位于中国西北地区，以其美丽与神秘闻名于世，它的自然景观令人叹为观止。（locate）（汉译英）八、开放性作文. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.假设你是浦润中学高三学生李青，你校校刊上的“展望未来”栏目正在征文，请以“50年 后的学校为题写一篇文章
14、投稿。你的稿件必须包括：描述50年后的学校里的一个场景；谈谈现在的你置身其中的感受。（注：文中不得出现真实的姓名及学校名称。）参考答案:1. to migrate 2. had been found 3. those 4. could 5. because# since#as 6. more 7. that 8. contracting 9. creating 10. why【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家在以色列的一处考古遗址发现了已知最早的烹 饪证据。这一发现表明，史前人类至少在78万年前就能从容不迫地生火做饭了。1 .考查动词不定式。句意：很可能是直立人，被认为是第一个迁移到非洲
15、以外的人类。分 析句子可知，此处为the first.。d。“第一个做某事的”固定短语，为动词不定式作后置 定语。故填to migrateo.考查时态语态。句意：佐哈尔说，此前在该遗址没有发现过人类遗骸，但这些石器与在 非洲各地直立人遗址发现的石器相符。根据句意以及before可知,此处动作应为过去的过去, 为过去完成时。主语与谓语为被动关系。故填had been found2 .考查代词。句意：佐哈尔说，此前在该遗址没有发现过人类遗骸，但这些石器与在非洲 各地直立人遗址发现的石器相符。分析句子可知，此处为代词ihose指代前文提到的同类不 同个的名词slone tools的复数形式。故填ih
16、ose。3 .考查情态动词。句意：她说，这个湖很浅，可能很容易用手捕捉到像已经灭绝的长尾鱼 那样的大鱼，它们可以长到5英尺（2米）。根据句意可知，此处为情态动词could“能够”，满 足句意要求。故填could o.考查连词。句意：这是一个非常重要的发现，因为食用熟食的转变意味着人类在寻找和 消化生食物的密集工作上花费的精力更少，从而释放出更多的精力。根据句意可知，此处为 连词because/since/as引导的原因状语从句，满足句意要求。故填because / since / as。4 .考查副词。句意：这是一个非常重要的发现，因为食用熟食的转变意味着人类在寻找和 消化生食物的密集工作上花
17、费的精力更少，从而释放出更多的精力。根据句意可知，此处为 副词more“更多”修饰动词freeing up,满足句意要求。故填more。5 .考查连接词。句意：林斯考特说:“有人认为，肉类的消费尤其有助于我们早期人类祖先 的相对脑容量的增加，但他们在食用可能被感染细菌污染的生肉时，有感染疾病的风险。” 分析句子可知，此处固定句型it has been suggested that.”这表明着 “that为主语从句的 连接词，满足句子结构。故填ihat。6 .考查动名词。句意：林斯考特说:“有人认为，肉类的消费尤其有助于我们早期人类祖先 的相对脑容量的增加，但他们在食用可能被感染细菌污染的生肉时
18、，有感染疾病的风险riskdoing“冒险做”，为动名词作宾语。故填contracting。7 .考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，烹饪可以杀死细菌，增加肉类的能量价值，为早期人类 创造了一个新的可靠的食物来源。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，create和逻辑 主语Cooking为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。故填creaiing。8 .考查连接词。句意：因此，了解这种情况何时发生是一个非常有趣的话题，因为它可能 有助于解释为什么我们的古人类祖先会以这种方式进化。根据句意可知，此处为连词why 引导的宾语从句，意为“为什么”，在从句中作状语成分，满足句意要求。故填why。9 . F 12.
19、C 13. B 14. K 15. E 16. J 17. I 18. H 19. D 20. A【导语】本文是一篇说明文,文章讲述了滚球大黄蜂只想玩得开心。10 .考查形容词。句意：一项新的研究表明，实验室饲养的大黄蜂除了好玩外，并没有其他 明显的目的。根据后文。ther than fun和句意，此处表达“明显的”，形容词作前置定语，F. 叩parent符合题意。故选F。11 .考查非谓语动词。句意：它支持了蜜蜂体验快乐的证据，突出了在野外保护它们并在自 然栖息地善待它们的重要性。根据后文importance,可知此处应该表达“突出”，现在分词作 状语，C. highlighting符合题意
20、。故选C。12 .考查副词。句意：伦敦玛丽女王大学的行为生态学家拉尔斯奇特卡和他的同事偶然发 现了新的证据。根据后文came across,可知此处表达“意外地”，副词修饰动词短语作状语， B. accidentally符合题意。故选B。13 .考查名词。句意：如果蜜蜂把球移到正确的位置，它就会得到一份甜蜜的奖赏。根据后 文when no reward was offered,可知此处表达“奖货”，名词作宾语，K. treat符合题意。故 选K.,.考查动词。句意：实验的精心设计使他确信蜜蜂确实在玩耍。根据句子结构，be engaging in正在从事某事,E. engaging符合题意。故选
21、E。14 .考查形容词。句意：因为游戏意味着一种体验情感的能力，所以用昆虫来记录它可能会 有很好的影响。根据前文 Because play implies a capacity to experience emotions,可知此处表 达“很好的”，形容词作前置定语，J. decent符合题意。故选J。15 .考杳副词。句意：昆虫正在不断增加地用动物饲料饲养，而且没有管理它们福利的法规。根据后文being raised,可知此处表达“不断增加地”,副词修饰动词作状语，I. increasingly 符合题意。故选L.考杳形容词。句意：奇特卡说，众所周知，当工业化养蜂人用卡车将蜜蜂长途运送到种
22、植园和附近没有各种花卉的广阔田野时，蜜蜂会变得压力重重，对疾病和蜜蜂群落崩溃更为 敏感。根据前文become stressed ,可知推断此处表达“敏感的”，H. sensilive符合题意。故 选H。16 .考查名词。句意：奇特卡说，众所周知，当工业化养蜂人用卡车将蜜蜂长途运送到种植 园和附近没有各种花卉的广阔田野时，蜜蜂会变得压力重重，对疾病和蜜蜂群落崩溃更为敏 感。根据后文vast fields,可知此处表达“种植园”，D. plantations符合题意。故选D。17 .考查动词。句意：研究人员希望，他们的发现也能激发更多的同伴对野生昆虫的喜爱和 保护。根据后文greater fell
23、ow feeling for,可知此处表达“激发”，情态动词接动词原形，A. molivale符合题意。故选A。18 . C 22. D 23. B 24. A 25. D 26. C 27. A 28. B 29. D 30. A 31. B32. D 33. C 34. B 35. D【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲的是研究表明如果人们真正接受压力的概念，它会让 他们更强大、更聪明、更快乐。21.考查动词短语辨析。句意：你如何看待压力很重要的一个原因是它会改变你应对压力的 方式。A. conlribute to有助于；捐献;B. agree to接受；同意;C. respond to回答
24、;对做出反应;D. object to 反对。根据后文“Viewing stress as2 leads people to cope in waysthat are less helpful, whether its dragging your feet to avoid stress, or imagining worst- case scenes.以及第二段“3, viewing stress more positively seems to encourage people to cope in ways that help them thrive, whether its tackl
25、ing the source of stress,4 socialsupport or finding meaning in it.”以及最后一段中的The ability to learn from stress is14into the basic biology of the stress response.”可知无论是视压力有害还是有益都是我们应对压力做出的不同反应。故选C项。22 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：视压力为有害，会导致人们以无益的方式来应对压力，无 论是磨磨蹭蹭不甘心地逃避压力，还是想象最坏的情况。A. beneficial有益的；B. distracting 分心的,转移
26、注意力的；C. reliable可靠的;可信赖的;D. harmful有害的。根据空后“leads 答案第3页，共14页people to cope in ways that are less helpful, whether its dragging your feet to avoid stress, or imagining worst- case scenes.”及第二段H4 的“3, viewing stress more positively seems to encourage people to cope in ways that help them thrive,”以及后文的
27、“Stress is most likely to be harmful when the following conditions are 1():“可知此处是在讲人们对于压力的两种截然相反的认识，能够积极看待压力从而促进个人成长的就认为压力是有益的，而那些消极 面对压力的人理所当然认为压力是有害的了。故选D项。23 .考查介词短语辨析。句意：相比之下，更积极地看待压力似乎会鼓励人们以帮助他们茁 壮成长的方式来应对压力，无论是解决压力的根源，寻求社会支持还是从中寻找意义。A. In fact事实上；实际上;B. In contrast与此相反;C. What,s more而且;D. Afte
28、r ail毕竟;终究。 根据上文“Viewing stress as 2 leads people to cope in ways that arc less helpful,whether its dragging your feet to avoid stress, or imagining worst- case scenes.”以及空后 “viewing stress more positively seems to encourage people to cope in ways that help them thrive, whether its tackling the sour
29、ce of stress,4 social support or finding meaning in it.“可知此处是指两种对待压力的不同的态度，由语境可知前后是两种截然不同的态度，是一种对比。 故选B项。24 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：相比之下，更积极地看待压力似乎会鼓励人们以帮助他们茁 壮成长的方式来应对压力，无论是解决压力的根源，寻求社会支持还是从中寻找意义。A. seeking 寻找；谋求；B. arousing 激发；唤醒；C. requiring 要求；需要；D. embracing 拥抱； 包含。根据空后的“social support or finding meaning
30、in it.”可知积极应对压力的表现的是发现 压力的意义或者积极寻求帮助。故选A项。25 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：选择看到压力的好处并不是要否认压力可能有害的事实。A. draining 使枯竭;排水;B. analyzing 分析;解析；C. reversing 颠倒;使反转：D. denying 否认。根据空前“Choosing to see the upside of stress isnt about”以及空后“the fact that stress can be harmful. It* s about trying to balance your mindset so that
31、 you feel less overwhelmed and6 about the fact that your life is stressful.”可知看到选择压力的好处是努力平衡你的心态，这样你就不会因为生活压力太大而感到不知所措和绝望，所以选择看到压力的好处并 不等于否认压力可能有害。故选D项。26.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：选择压力的好处是努力平衡你的心态，这样你就不会因为 生活压力太大而感到不知所措和绝望。A. confused困惑的；混乱的：B. unfortunate不幸的； C. hopeless无望的；绝望的；D. serious严重的；认真的。根据空前的“so that
32、you feel less 答案第4页，共14页overwhelmed and 以及空后“about the fact that your life is stressful.以及后文“It can be true that 9 something stressful can make you sick or depressed,“可知压力会让你觉得生病和绝望，所以如果你选择看到压力的好处就不会觉得生活是无助和绝望的。故选C项。27 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：心理学家发现，接受压力的能力需要对不确定性的高度容忍 度。A. tolerance 容忍；忍受；B. demand 要求；C. anxi
33、ety 焦虑；D. preference 偏爱；偏好。 根据空前“the ability to embrace stress requires a high”以及空后“fbr uncertainty. You have to be able to understand that two 8 opposite things can be true at the same time.” 以及后文的“If you can 11 any of these conditions 一 by finding some meaning in it you canreduce the harmful effec
34、ts of stress.“可知一个人如果想要从压力中学习和成长及必须先要接 受和忍耐压力。故选A项。28 .考杳副词词义辨析。句意：你必须能够理解两件看似相反的事情可能同时是正确的。A. generally 大概;通常；B. seemingly 貌似;看似；C. inevitably 不可避免地;D. significantly 显著地；大大地。根据空后的opposite things can be true at the same time. It can be true that9 something stressful can make you sick or depressed, a
35、nd it can also be true that thesame stressful experience can ultimately make you stronger, more compassionate and more resilient over time.”可知能同时让你生病、抑郁的事情同时也会让你变得更强大，这看似是矛 盾的，相反的，但实际上却是一种合理的存在。故选B项。29 .考查动词短语辨析。句意：经历一些有压力的事情会让你生病或抑郁，这可能是真的， 同样的压力经历也可能最终会让你更强大，更有同情心，随着时间的推移更有韧性。A. putting off 推迟；B.
36、coming up with 提出；想出;C. taking care of 照料；照看；D. going through 经 历；体验。根据后文“and it can also be true that the same stressful experience can ultimately make you stronger, more compassionate and more resilient over time.”以及文章最后“This is why putting people through practice stress is a key 15 technique for
37、NASA astronauts,emergency responders, elite athletes and others who have to thrive under high levels of stress?nJ 知只有去体验那些让人痛苦你才会变得更强大。故选D项。30 .考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当以下情况出现时，压力最有可能是有害的，感觉它违背 了你的意愿，超出了你的控制，完全没有意义。A. present在场的；出场的；B. controversial 有争议的；C. constant持续不断的；D. equal相等的；平等的。根据空前的“Stress is most li
38、kely to be hannftil when the following conditions are”以及空后的“it feels against your will, out of your control and utterly lacking in meaning.”可知此处是在列举最有可能有害的几种压力会在 答案第5页，共14页什么情况下出现。故选A项。31 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你能改变其中的任何一种情况通过找到其中的意义 你就能减少压力的有害影响。A. mask掩饰；隐瞒；B. alter改变；变化；C. enhance 增强;提高；D. trace追踪；追溯。根据后
39、文“by finding some meaning in it”可知要想减少压 力的有害影响就必须做出改变。故选B项。32 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：这并是你生活出了问题的一个征兆，而是你在对个人有意义 的活动和人际关系中投入程度的一个标志。A. code密码；B. origin起源；起因；C. monument 纪念碑；D. indicator 标志：指示信号。根据空前的“fueling stressed can be a( n) 12 of how engaged you arc in activities and relationships that arc personally mea
40、ningful.可知如果你 觉得有压力，那就暗示着你在对个人有意义的活动和人际关系中投入程度方面出了问题。故 选D项。33 .考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个简单的心态重置可以帮助我们面对和发现生活中压力的 好处，那就是把它视为一个学习和成长的机会。A. vacancy空缺；B. substitute替代品；C. opportunity 机会;D. illustration 插图；说明。根据上文“If you can 11 any of theseconditions by finding some meaning in it you can reduce the hannful effects
41、of stress.” 以及 空后的“to learn and grow”可知只有你将压力看做一个学习的好机会时你才会发现压力的益 处。故选C项。34 .考查动词词义辨析。句意：从压力中学习的能力是建立在应激反应的基本生物学中的。 A. turned变成;转动;B. buill建造;C. broken打碎;弄坏；D. divided分开；分散。根据后 文“This is why putting people through practice stress is a key 15 technique for NASAastronauts, emergency responders, elite
42、athletes and others who have to thrive under high levels of stress.”可知只有将从压力中学习的能力一种建立在应激反应的基本生物学中的一个人才能 茁壮成长。故选B项。35 .考杳形容词词义辨析。句意：这就是为什么对于NASA宇航员、紧急救援人员、精英 运动员和其他人来说经历高压训练是他们茁壮成长的关键。A. instrumental有帮助的；用乐 器演奏的；B. conflicling相矛盾的；不一致的；C. intentional故意的；刻意的；D. training 训练的。根据空前“This is why putting p
43、eople through practice stress is a key”以及空后 “technique fbr NASA astronauts, emergency responders, elite athletes and others who have to thrive under high levels of stress.“可知NASA宇航员、紧急救援人员、精英运动员和其他人要 想茁壮成长就必须经受住高压的训练。故选D项。36 . A 37. C 38. D 39. B【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲的是一位汽车司机从冰冷的水里救出一只宠物狗的故 事。36.词句猜测题。根据
44、文章第二段“It was December 2018, and about 15 feet from the frozen banks was the source of that cry - a half- submerged brown- and- white wirehaired dog, struggling to hold on to a thin layer of ice.（那是2018年12月，距离结冰的河岸大约15英尺的 地方传来了那声喊叫一只半淹在水里的棕白相间的毛狗，挣扎着抓住一层薄薄的冰。） 以及第三段“How she got there no one knows, bu
45、t an elderly man was already on the scene, determined to save her. Hed entered the pond in a rowboat and was hacking a way at the ice with a rock to create a path to the dog.（没有人知道她是怎么到那里的，但一位老人已经在现场，决 心要救她。他乘划艇进入池塘，用一块石头在冰上凿出一条路，给狗狗开一条路。厂以及第 五段“His heart beating fast, Arens slid closer to the dog a
46、nd used the other mans rock to smash away at the ice.（ Arens的心怦怦直跳,他向狗靠得更近，用另一个人的石头砸开了冰。户可 知狗狗被困在了距离结冰河岸很远的地方，所以想要救出它必须破冰找路，所以此处划线词 的意思应与A项cutting意思相近。故选A项。37 .推理判断题。根据文章第二段“but an elderly man was already on the scene, determined to save her. Hed entered the pond in a rowboat and was hacking a way a
47、t the ice with a rock to create a path to the dog.（但一位老人已经在现场，决心要救她。他乘划艇进入池塘，用一块石 头在冰上凿出一条路，给狗狗开一条路。）”以及第三段“It was slow going, and Arens, 44 , thought he stood a belter chance. He took ofthis clothes, even （hough （he temperature was -30 , and jumped into the rowboat.（这是一个缓慢的过程，44岁的阿伦斯认为他有更好的机会。尽 管气温
48、有零下30C,他还是脱下了衣服，跳进了划艇。y诃知虽然一位老人已经在用一块石 头在冰上凿冰开路了，但是老人的动作进展太缓慢，而44岁的Arens就用石头凿冰而言在 体力上是有优势的。故选C项。38 .细节理解题。根据文章第五段“He then boosted the dog into the boat and slid it back to the shore, where anxious bystanders carried the dog to the home of the rowboat owner.（然后他把狗 推到船上，把它滑回岸边，焦急的旁观者把狗抱到了船主的家里。）“可知Are
49、ns救了狗狗之 后并没有将它带回自己的家，选项A不对：依据第四段“It was slow going, and Arens, 44 , thought he stood a better chance. He took off his clothes, even though the temperature was -30 , 答案第7页，共14页二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. motivate B. accidentally C. highlighting D. plant