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1、外研版（2019 ）高中英语必修第一册Unit 1-6语法知识点复习提纲Unit 1 A new start【重点单词和短语】impression n. 象;感想 【词汇拓展】impress vt.使钦佩;使敬仰;给留下深刻印象impressive adj.令人赞叹的；令人敬佩的make/leave/have a（n）. . . impression on sb.给某人留下的印象impress sb. with sth,某事（物）给某人留下印象 impress sth. on/upon sb.使某人铭记某事 be impressed by/with. .对印象深刻turn around 转身
2、【词汇拓展】turn away转过脸去；把驱逐出去；解雇turn down降低,减弱;拒绝turn back折回，往回走;使停止前进，挡住turn into变成；进入turn on翻开turn off 关掉turn out生产；出产；结果是turn over反转;翻过来;翻身;移交turn to向求助;翻到（书页）；开始行动turn up把向上翻；卷起；出现，到来breathe v.呼吸 【词汇拓展】breath n.呼吸；气息 breathe in/out 吸气/呼气 out of breath上气不接下气第1页共64页【原句回放】I respect him a lot. 我很尊敬他。【点拨
3、】respect vt.尊敬，尊重；n. U尊敬，尊重；敬意；C着眼点；方面； 细节respect sb. / sth. for sth.因某事尊敬某人(事)respect oneself 自尊，自重show/have respect for 尊敬，尊重send/give one s respects to.代某人向问好pay one, s respect to sb.向某人致敬in every respect/in all respects 在各方面in respect of 关于with respect to.至于; 关于； 就而言with respect恕我直言With respect,
4、 I hardly think thats the point.恕我直言，但我认为这不是重点。matter【原句回放】It doesn t matter if a teacher is not organized.如果老师没有组织 不要紧。【点拨】matter vi.要紧，有关系(be of importance)； matter 常用于以 it 作形 式主语的结构中，其真实主语一般为现在分词短语、that从句、wh-从句或 if/whether 从句。It doesn，t matter about the price, buy it, whatever it costs.不要考虑价钱，无论花
5、多少钱，都买吧。It matters greatly to our relationship.这事对你我之间的关系影响重大。It doesnt matter about me.不必为我担忧。第10页共64页It doesnt matter to me.我不在乎。matter n.物质，物体；题材，内容；事情，问题；困难，毛病，麻烦；重要性a matter of life and death生死攸关的事情；成败的关键as a matter of fact 事实上，其实be a matter of time迟早要发生prefer【原句回放】I prefer Chinese and English.
6、我更喜欢语文和英语。【点拨】prefer vt.更喜欢；提升，提拔；vi.更喜欢，宁愿I became a teacher because I preferred books and people to politics.我当了老师，因为我更喜欢书本和人而不是权术。He was preferred to captain,他被晋升为队长。prefer在日常对话中听起来往往很正式，像likebetter和would rather 这样的口头表达更为常用。prefer. to.结构中，to为介词，表示“宁愿而不愿”，其前后应是平行结构prefer doing sth.宁愿做某事（表示一般倾向，也就是
7、对某种行为的爱好）prefer to do sth.喜欢做某事（指特定或具体某项动作，即在一定场合下“特别喜欢”）prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事prefer sb. to do sth.喜欢某人做某事below【原句回放】Find the words and phrases that match the definitions below. 找到和下面定义匹配的单词和短语。【点拨】below adv.在下面，到下面，用作副词时常作后置定语。from below从下面I heard him calling from below.我
8、听见他从下面叫我。Please write to me at the address below.请按以下地址给我写信。below prep.（表示位置）在 下面，低于；（表示状态）在 掩饰之下, 在背后；（表示比拟）不及，劣于，低于；（表示方位）在以南，在的 南面below zero 零下below the average在平均值之下Such people often experience less stress than those in the ranks below them.这些人经受的压力通常比那些职位低于他们的人要小。【重点短语】make sure【原句回放】Good teach
9、ers make sure that everyone in the class understands.好老师务必使班上每个人都能懂。【点拨】make sure弄清楚；查明；确信；务必要（做到），后面一般不接不定式。Make sure you defrost the chicken completely before cooking.一定让冻鸡化透后再烹调。First you must make sure of the time and place.首先你必须弄清时间和地点。make sure of/about 弄清楚；查明【拓展】be sure of/that.有把握，确信（主语是人）Sh
10、e looked over her shoulder to be sure of her footing.她扭头看了看后面以确认自己是否站稳了。be sure to do sth. 一定会，必然会做某事（主语是人或物）He is sure to succeed.他一定会成功。（别人对他的看法）第12页共64页up to【原句回放】It s up to you由你来决定。【点拨】be up to sb.应该由某人负责，是某人的责任It s up to us to help those having lost their homes in the earthquake. 我们有责任帮助那些在地震中
11、失去家园的人们。be up to sth. /doing sth.能胜任（做）某事My passive vocabulary in Spanish would not be up to the task.我的西班牙词汇不够用，因此难以胜任。up to多达The hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests.这家旅馆可供500位旅客住宿。tell jokes【原句回放】He s really amusing and tells jokes when he thinks we re getting bored.他真的是很有趣，看到我们有点厌烦了就给我们讲笑话。tel
12、l jokes讲笑话My son likes to tell jokes, although he has no intention to become a comedian.虽然我儿子没有打算要去做喜剧演员，但他很喜欢讲笑话。【点拨】tell的有关短语：tell a lie 说谎tell a story 讲故事tell ones experiences 诉说自己的经历tell sbs fate/ fortune/future 给某人算命tell the difference 分辨差异tell the time 报时第13页共64页tell the truth 说实话tell twins区分双
13、胞胎【重点句型】1. so/ such. . . that.【原句回放】, and she explains English grammar so clearly that even I can understand it!她讲解的英语语法是如此的清晰，甚至连我也能听得懂！【点拨】so. that.如此以致于，引导结果状语从句。When the football fans saw Beckham, they got so excited that they cried out.当足球粉丝们看到贝克汉姆时，他们兴奋得叫起来。【拓展】so that引导目的状语从句时，表示“以便；为了，从句中常使用
14、can /could /may /might /will /would /should等情态动词或助动词；引导结果状 语从句时，从句中一般不用can和may等词，在so that前可以用逗号，意思是 “因此;所以“。The little boy saved every coin so that he could buy his mother a present on Mothers day.这个小男孩精打细算，以便他能在母亲节给妈妈买一份礼物。such. . that结构也引导结果状语从句，二者结构区别如下：so + adj. / adv. + thatso + many/few + 复数名词
15、 + thatso + much/ little （少）+ 不可数名词 + thatso + adj. + a/an + 单数名词 + thatsuch + a/an + adj. + 单数名词+ thatsuch + adj. + 复数名词+ thatsuch + adj. +不可数名词+ thatsuch + a/an + adj. + 单数名词+ that第14页共64页=so + adj. + a/an + 单数名词 + thatThey are such interesting novels that I want to read them once again. 这些小说非常有趣，
16、我想再读一遍。2. would rather do sth. than do sth. / would do sth. rather than do sth. 【原句回放】I d rather study history than geography because I can learn a lot from many historical figures.我宁愿学历史而不愿学地理，因为我可以从许多历史人物中学到很多东西。【点拨】would rather do sth. than do sth./ would do sth. rather than do sth 宁可做某事也不做某事She
17、would rather die than give a speech.（=She would die rather than give a speech.）她宁愿死也不愿意做演讲。I would rather be laughed at than quarrel with him.我宁愿被嘲笑，也不愿和他吵架。【拓展】rather than 而不是or rather更确切的说would rather （not） do sth.宁愿（不）做某事would rather sb. did sth.宁愿某人做某事（用一般过去时表示对现在和将 来的虚拟）would rather sb. had don
18、e sth.宁愿某人做过某事（用过去完成时表示对 过去的虚拟）注意：would rather后还可接动词的完成式，表示主语要做某事，而结果 却事与愿违。I d rather have left a note on her desk.我本想留张纸条在她书桌上的。（事实上没有留）3. this/it is true of 这也适用于【原句回放】第15页共64页This is true of France, Germany, and Spain, where discipline and respect for the teachers is considered very important.法国
19、、德国、西班牙就是这样，在这些国家里，遵守纪律和尊敬老师被认为 是很重要的。【点拨】This is true of.是一个常用句型，意为“这也适用于”。This/That/The same/It is true of. 也是如此，也适用于【拓展】表示“也是如此”的句型还有：1. so+动词/情态动词/be动词+ sb. /sth.（用于肯定形式中）2. Neither/ Nor +动词/情态动词/be动词+ sb. /sth.（用于否认形式中）3. It is the same with sb. / sth.（用于含有两个或两个以上动词的所有 形式中，和the same is true of通
20、用）4. So it is with sb. / sth.（用于含有两个或两个以上动词的所有形式中， 和 the same is true of 通用）He has worked in the company for more than 10 years, and so have I.他在这家公司工作十多年了，我也是。Tom didn t mean to tell the secret. Neither did I.汤姆不是故意泄露秘密的，我也是如此。Jackson went to New York and would stay there for two weeks. It is the s
21、ame with his boss.杰克逊去了纽约，准备在那儿待两周。他老板也是一样。Unit 3【重点词汇】1. approach v.接近；靠近；走近approach sb./sth.靠近/接近某人/某物approach sb. for sth.为求助或提供某事物接近某人with sth. approaching 随着的来临【词汇拓展】第16页共64页approach n.接近；方法;途径；步骤;通道（an） approach to sth. /to doing sth.（做某事）的方法/途径at the approach of.在快到的时候随着期末考试的临近，我变得越来越焦虑。With
22、the approach of the final exam, I became more and more anxious.With the final exam approaching, I became more and more anxious.2. focus vi.集中注意;聚焦vt.使聚焦;使集中;（把）集中（于）n. 焦点；（兴趣、活动等的）中心focus on/upon 集中（注意力）于focus ones attention/mind on/upon .集中某人的注意力/心思于focus ones eyes on/upon ,注视If you focus your atte
23、ntion on your study, you will make rapid progress.如果你把精力放在学习上，你会取得快速的进步。in focus清晰的，焦距对准的out of focus模糊的，不清楚的；焦距没有对准的3. assume v.假定，认为，承当（责任）It is generally assumed that .普遍认为assuming （that）假设In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message hidden within the work.在艺术评论中，你得假设艺术家在作品中隐
24、藏着一个秘密信息。 Let s assume him to be innocent.让我们假定他是清白的。It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.普遍认为，压力是由工作过重所致。f assumption n.假定，假设make an assumption/assumptions about 对作出彳段设on the assumption that 彳发定，彳发设4. respect v.尊敬,敬重n.尊敬，敬重；方面，细节；问候（复数）第17页共64页respect sb. =show/have respec
25、t for sb.尊重某人respect oneself 自尊，自重respect sb. for sth.因某事而尊重某人She has always been honest with me, and I respect her for that.她一直对我很老实，我因此而尊敬她。give/send my respects to sb.代我向某人问好/致意in this/that respect 在这/那方面in respect of/with respect to 关于; 就而言In respect of/With respect to your children, please list
26、en attentively to them without offering advice.关于你的孩子们，请你认真倾听他们诉说，不要提建议。respectful adj.礼貌的；恭敬的-respectable adj.体面的；令人尊敬的frespective adj.分别的，各自的5. ignore v.忽视，对不予理会- ignorant adj.无知的，愚昧的f ignorance n.无矢口be ignorant of/about sth.不知道某事,对不了解6. suit v.适合f suitable adj.适合的suit . . . to 使适合be suitable for
27、适合于be suitable to do sth.适合做某事7. talent n.才能;天赋;人才f talented adj.有天赋的；有才能的have a talent for 有的天赋show a talent for展现出的天赋8. responsible adj.（对事故、错误、罪行等）负有责任的，应承当责任的-responsibility n.责任，义务be responsible for sth.对某事负责任；是某事的原因第18页共64页be responsible to sb.向某人负责任It is ones responsibility to do sth.做某事是某人的责
28、任take responsibility for 为负责9. observe v.庆祝，过（节日，生日等）；观察- observation n.观察observe sb. do sth.观察某人做某事（全过程）observe sb. doing sth.注意到某人正在做某事10. range n. 一系列；范围；种类vt.（在一定的范围内）变动/变化a wide range of 一系列；各种各样的within （the）/in range of在可及的范围内beyond the/out of range of 超出的范围range from . . to.在和之间变化11. apologis
29、e v.抱歉f apology n.抱歉apologise to sb.向某人抱歉apologise for （doing） sth.因为（做）某事而抱歉make an apology to sb. for sth.因某事而向某人抱歉12. settle v.和解,结束（争论）;定居f settler n.移民；定居者f settlement n.（解决纷争的）协议；解决；处理；（关于钱财转让的）协议 （书）settle for勉强接受，将就settle in在安家,定居，落户settle into迁入（新居）settle down定居，过安定的日子；（使）平静下来13. obviously
30、adv.明显地,显而易见地f obvious adj.明显的，显而易见的be obvious to sb.对某人来说显而易见It is obvious （to sb.） that.（对某人来说）很明显14. be proud of第19页共64页take a deep breath 深吸一 口气hold one, s breath 屏住呼吸4. in panic惊慌地【词汇拓展】get into a panic陷入惊慌中panic sb. into doing sth.使某人仓皇行事；使某人仓促行动There s no panic.不用着急。There? s no point getting
31、into a panic about the exam. It s not as difficult as you imagine.5. embarrassed adj.尴尬的；难堪的【词汇拓展】embarrass vt.使尴尬;使难堪;使窘迫embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的；令人困窘的embarrassment n.窘迫；令人困窘的人或物to one s embarrassment令某人尴尬的是fit adj.健康的；强健的;合适的v.适合;合身;安装 【词汇拓展】be fit for适合;胜任be fit to do 适合做keep/stay fit保持健康fit in wit
32、h与相适应，与相协调注意：(l)fit指大小、尺寸、形状合适，引申为“吻合”；(2)suit指款式、需要、口味、条件、地位、衣着适合某人，使人看上去有 吸引力；另外,用于比喻意义时多用suit;(3)match多指大小、颜色、形状等一致，通常被译为“匹配”。6. experienced adj.有经验的;熟练的【词汇拓展】experience n.经验；经历 vt.经历，体验，感受have experience in sth.在方面有经验第2页共64页= take pride in以为傲,对感到骄傲proudly adv.自豪地；骄傲地pride n.自豪；骄傲；得意15. in the le
33、ad处于领先地位take the lead (in doing sth.)带头(做某事)play the lead/the lead role 主演lead sb. to sp.带某人去某处lead an investigation/inquiry/campaign 开展调查/询问/运动lead sb. into sth.使某人陷入(不良状态)lead sb. to do sth. /lead to sb. doing sth.导致某人做某事16. end up (尤指经历一系列意外后)最终处于；到头来end up doing sth.以做某事结束；最终还是做了某事end up with 以结
34、束【重点句子】1. Playing in a band is not a job. (P27)在乐队表演不是一份工作。本句的主语是动词-ing形式。当动词-ing形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数 形式。动词-ing形式与不定式作主语的区别：动名词作主语通常表示抽象的、经常性、习惯性的动作；而不定式作主语 表示偶尔的一次形为。动名词作主语时，通常用来表示一件的事或经验；不定式短语通常用 来表示一件未完成的事或目的。不定式作主语，一般用it作形式主语，把作主语的不定式(短语)后置。Seeing is believing. =To see is to believe.眼见为实。2. I wish she
35、 had come! (P31)我希望她来过！3. With just 700 metres to go, Alistair Brownlee was in third place and his younger brother, Jonny, was in the lead. (P32)第20页共64页只剩下700米了，阿利斯泰尔布朗利名列第三，他的弟弟乔尼领先。4. But for Alistair, his decision was easy to explain: Mum wouldnt have been happy if Id left Jonny behind. ” (P33)但
36、对阿利斯泰尔来说，他的决定很容易解释：“如果我把乔尼落下，妈妈会 不高兴的。”Unit 4【单词变形】1. familiar adj.熟悉的-unfamiliar adj.不熟悉的2. prefer vt.更喜欢-preference n.偏爱； 爱好3. deliver v.递送，传送f delivery n.交付，递送4. advance n进步, 进展fadvanced adj.先进的，高级的5. significant adj.重大的f significantly adv.重大地，显著地f significance n.意义，重要性6. able adj.有能力的，能干的f enabl
37、e v.使可能，使发生7. usual adj.通常的，惯例的,平常的unusual adj.异常的，不平常的f usually adv.通常8. crime n.罪行，犯罪活动- criminal n.罪犯9. date n.日期f update n.最新消息10. illustrate v.(举例)说明，说明-illustration n.说明，插图第21页共64页11. inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的，启发灵感的- inspire vt.鼓舞；激发；启示f inspired adj,受到鼓舞的-inspiration n.鼓舞；灵感12. anxious adj.焦虑的，不安的f
38、 anxiety n.担忧;焦虑;渴望f anxiously adv.焦虑地【重点单词和短语】familiar adj.熟悉的（教材原句 P37） With no familiar faces in view看不到熟悉的面孔例 1 I took a glance at the hall and found many familiar faces among the students.我扫视了一下大厅，发现观众中有许多熟悉的面孔。例 2The voices on the phone sounded familiar. 里的声音很耳熟。造句回到熟悉的环境里让人松了一口气。It was a reli
39、ef to be back in familiar surroundings.知识拓展(1) sb. be familiar with. .某人熟悉（主动）.be familiar to sb.为某人所熟悉（被动）-unfamiliar adj.陌生的,不熟悉的prefer vt.更喜欢；选择某事物（而不选择其他事物）（教材原句 P38） How do you prefer to communicate with friends every day?你喜欢如何每天与朋友交流？例 1 Which do you prefer, fish or meat?你更喜欢吃什么，鱼还是肉？例 2 Of th
40、e two cars, I prefer that red one.两辆小汽车中，我更喜欢那辆红色的。第22页共64页翻译就个人而言，我更喜欢沿长江旅行，它是中国最长的河，也是中华 文明的母亲河之一。Personally, I prefer the tour along the Yangtze, the longest river and one of the Mother Rivers of Chinese civilizations.知识拓展(l)prefer (sb.) to do sth.更喜欢(某人)做prefer (doing) sth.to (doing) sth.宁愿(做)某事
41、也不愿(做)某事prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.=would rather do sth. than do sth.宁可也不prefer that. . . (should) do sth. 宁愿-preference n.偏爱； 爱好lose track of不了解的情况，不了解的动态；忘记How would you feel if moving to a new town meant losing track of your friends?如果搬家到一个新的城镇意味着与你的朋友失去联系，那么你会感觉如何？例 lMary lost track of
42、 her friends at camp after summer.夏天过后，玛丽就和她一起宿营的朋友失去了联系。例 2His mind would wander, and he would lose track of what he was doing.他会走神，忘了自己正在干什么。造句我们失去联系五年了。It is five years since we lost track of each other.知识拓展(l)keep track of与保持联系，了解的动态be on track稳步前进，走上正轨(2) track down追踪找到，追查到Thanks to advances in
43、 technology, how we make friends and communicate with them has changed significantly.第23页共64页由于科技的进步，我们结交朋友与朋友、沟通的方式已经有了明显的改变。(3) thanks to归功于，多亏例 1Thanks to the timely help, many lucky people survived the earthquake.多亏了及时的帮助，很多幸运的人得以在地震中幸存下来。例 2Thanks to his strong constitution, Jack was able to pu
44、ll through his recent serious illness.幸亏他体质好，杰克才得以平安度过了最近这场大病。造句多亏我队友的帮助，我准时完成了这项任务。Thanks to my teammate5 s help, I finished the task on time.知识拓展表示“因为；由于”的短语还有:owing to, due to, because of, as a result of, on account of 等。deliver vt递送，传递【词汇拓展】deliver sth. to sb.给某人送某物deliver a speech/lecture 演讲/讲课
45、f delivery n.投递deliver n.递送人advance n.进步，进展；v.前进；促进；提出；提前adj.预先的，在前的 例 lThere have been great advances in medicine in the last ten years. 在过去十年里，医学取得了巨大的进步。彳列 2The strikers advanced on/towards us, shouting angrily.罢工的人愤怒地喊叫着向我们逼近。造句这是个很受欢迎的演出，所以一定要提前订票。It is a popular show, so advance booking is ess
46、ential.知识拓展(4) in advance = ahead of time提前，预先in advance of.在前面;比进步/超前第24页共64页make an advance in sth.在某方面有进步-advanced adj,先进的；高级的up to忙于，从事着（尤指坏事）；在捣鬼Social media tools let us see what our friends are up to and maintain friendships.社交媒体工具让我们了解朋友的最新状态并维系友谊。例 1 What have you been up to this week?你这个星期一直忙什么呢？彳列 2 The children are very quiet.I wonder what they are up to.孩子们很安静，我想知道他们在搞什么鬼。造句我认为父亲想要知道目前我在做什么，所以我决定给他发条短信。I think my father would like to know what I