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1、PigTecCo The Pig Technology Company Ltd. Consultancy Knowledge Transfer Innovation Dr Mike A Varley Feed Quality A European Perspective Dr Mike Varley BSc PhD F.I.Biol C.Biol R.Nutr. Director The Pig Technology Company mikeavarleytiscali.co.uk PigTecCo The Pig Technology Company Ltd. Consultancy Kno
2、wledge Transfer Innovation Dr Mike A Varley Menu Introduction Europe Quality Assurance Feed material giving problems Proteins and vitamins AGP alternatives Conclusions PigTecCo The Pig Technology Company Ltd. Consultancy Knowledge Transfer Innovation Dr Mike A Varley Europe European Union & The Rest
3、 of Europe ! EU-27 United Kingdom Eire Belgium The Netherlands Luxembourg Germany Spain France Italy Malta Cyprus Poland Denmark Sweden Finland Portugal Greece Austria Romania Bulgaria Estonia Lithuania Latvia Romania Bulgaria 750,000,000 consumers PigTecCo The Pig Technology Company Ltd. Consultanc
4、y Knowledge Transfer Innovation Dr Mike A Varley Europe Recent Difficulties The BSE Crisis 1980s Foot and Mouth Disease 1999 2001 Salmonella & Egg Industry 1980s Classical Swine Fever 1990s E.coli O157 beef industry Feed Contaminations Dioxins (fish meals, RVOs) Contaminated Raw Materials MBM / Fish
5、 meals banned hormones in feedstuffs GMO public concerns PMWS pig wasting disease PigTecCo The Pig Technology Company Ltd. Consultancy Knowledge Transfer Innovation Dr Mike A Varley BSE Crisis Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Unclear aetiology - a prion organism responsible Probably can transmit fro
6、m one species (cattle) to another (humans) CJD (Creutzfeldt Jacobs Disease in humans no cure Probably caused by a change in rendering methodology from heat treating to extraction Meat & Bone Meal (MBM) has been withdrawn from use around Europe because of this. Banned in the UK from 1996 Slaughterhou
7、se offals carefully controlled PigTecCo The Pig Technology Company Ltd. Consultancy Knowledge Transfer Innovation Dr Mike A Varley BSE Crisis Bovine Spongiform Ecephalopathy MBM was withdrawn quickly from use in the UK and then other countries (in time) followed suit. A number of repeated cases of c
8、ontamination of MBM into fish meal batches (Belgium) have also led to a banning of the use of fish meals in some countries in ruminants as well as non-ruminants Fish meal can still be used in the UK in pigs & poultry but not cattle & sheep Feed mills cannot in effect produce pig/poultry feeds as wel
9、l as ruminant feeds All of this has focussed the media attention on the feed / animal industries and also politicians PigTecCo The Pig Technology Company Ltd. Consultancy Knowledge Transfer Innovation Dr Mike A Varley Main recommendations Diseases of livestock DEFRA should: undertake a systematic an
10、alysis of the information available on the relative threats to the UK from the range of diseases covered here (and other significant disease such as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies and tuberculosis), taking account of the impact of globalisation and climate change, in order to set prioriti
11、es for the national strategy for animal disease and surveillance; undertake a comprehensive review of the available information on FMD, and develop a consistent and coherent database of the basic information that would be required during an outbreak; carry out urgent research into local transmission
12、 of FMD that will improve biosecurity in the field. FMD cost the UK 8,000,000,000 DEFRA recommend more beaurocracy ! Royal Society 2002 Report on Infectious Diseases PigTecCo The Pig Technology Company Ltd. Consultancy Knowledge Transfer Innovation Dr Mike A Varley Quality Management HACCP PigTecCo
13、The Pig Technology Company Ltd. Consultancy Knowledge Transfer Innovation Dr Mike A Varley Quality Management European Food Safety & Inspection Service PigTecCo The Pig Technology Company Ltd. Consultancy Knowledge Transfer Innovation Dr Mike A Varley The Quality Cycle PigTecCo The Pig Technology Co
14、mpany Ltd. Consultancy Knowledge Transfer Innovation Dr Mike A Varley FEMAS Feed Material Assurance Scheme TASCC Trade Assurance Scheme for Combinable Crops Covers all raw material, transport and handling and storage protocols PigTecCo The Pig Technology Company Ltd. Consultancy Knowledge Transfer I
15、nnovation Dr Mike A Varley Quality Assurance Methods The industry has moved quickly in the UK to install effective methods for QC and QA within the feed industry Methods based on HACCP principles and Total Quality Management principles are used The basis of most schemes is ISO 9002 In the UK we have
16、 gone further with the UFAS scheme (UKASTA Feed Assurance Scheme) This has tightened up standards considerably with frequent auditing and monitoring of performance and opportunities for error PigTecCo The Pig Technology Company Ltd. Consultancy Knowledge Transfer Innovation Dr Mike A Varley Traceabi
17、lity in the supply chain Housewife (person) Supermarket Process / Abattoir Meat / Farm Feed Source Raw material sources PigTecCo The Pig Technology Company Ltd. Consultancy Knowledge Transfer Innovation Dr Mike A Varley HACCP Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points PigTecCo The Pig Technology Co
18、mpany Ltd. Consultancy Knowledge Transfer Innovation Dr Mike A Varley HACCP Developed in the 1970s to ensure zero defects in the manufacture of astronauts food packages by NASA. PigTecCo The Pig Technology Company Ltd. Consultancy Knowledge Transfer Innovation Dr Mike A Varley HACCP HACCP is a quali
19、ty control system for PRODUCT SAFETY Isolate the causes of problems before they occur PigTecCo The Pig Technology Company Ltd. Consultancy Knowledge Transfer Innovation Dr Mike A Varley HACCP PRINCIPLES Identify potential hazards and assess the risk Determine the CCPs Establish limits for control Es
20、tablish system to monitor control Establish corrective action Verification procedures and effective operation Documentation and records PigTecCo The Pig Technology Company Ltd. Consultancy Knowledge Transfer Innovation Dr Mike A Varley Manufacturing Flow Diagram Raw Materials Intake Elevator Silos B
21、agged Raw Material Weighers Hand Weigh Mixer Holding Bin Conditioner Presses Cooler Packing Bin Packing Despatch Storage Know Your System PigTecCo The Pig Technology Company Ltd. Consultancy Knowledge Transfer Innovation Dr Mike A Varley Establish Documentation Verify Review Systems must be visible
22、Points to Remember PigTecCo The Pig Technology Company Ltd. Consultancy Knowledge Transfer Innovation Dr Mike A Varley UFAS National Scheme Mills are audited, approved and registered each year Every mill must comply to supply feed in the UK PigTecCo The Pig Technology Company Ltd. Consultancy Knowle
23、dge Transfer Innovation Dr Mike A Varley UFAS Audited assurance scheme recognised by: - Quality Schemes EFSIS, ABM, SQBLA Abattoirs - Malton Bacon Factory Supermarkets - Tesco, Sainsburys, Asda Customer groups PigTecCo The Pig Technology Company Ltd. Consultancy Knowledge Transfer Innovation Dr Mike
24、 A Varley UFAS Requirements Based on ISO Management System Includes HACCP Legal requirements of RPSGB DEFRA Codes of Practice for the Control of Salmonellae PigTecCo The Pig Technology Company Ltd. Consultancy Knowledge Transfer Innovation Dr Mike A Varley Areas Covered by UFAS Manufacturing Plant F
25、eed Materials Manufacturing Storage Loading, Transport Delivery Quality Control Complaints Product Recall Personnel Documentation STOP PRESS Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council July 2002 harmonisation of QA PigTecCo The Pig Technology Company Ltd. Consultancy Kn
26、owledge Transfer Innovation Dr Mike A Varley Extremely low risk of GM transfer Thursday, 11 July 2002 A series of FSA research projects have concluded that it is extremely unlikely that genes from genetically modified (GM) food can end up in bacteria in the gut of people who eat them GM Food / Feed
27、Issues PigTecCo The Pig Technology Company Ltd. Consultancy Knowledge Transfer Innovation Dr Mike A Varley Supplementary vitamins are essential for metabolic processes in high performing livestock. Does the feed mill raw material buyer or nutritionist have the knowledge to make decisions from so man
28、y sources of vitamins? Validation of vitamin sources is essential to have comfort and confidence. Vitamin Quality Vitamin Supply Chain Distribution Digestion Availability Farm Heat/Moisture/ Oxygen Animal Digestive Processes 2.2 - 7.5 months HEAT Distribution Centre Stabilisation / Dilution HEAT? Pr
29、emix Manufacture ABRASION Accelerated Loss of Activity Feed Manufacture EXTRUSION PELLETISATION Distribution Metabolic Time Bomb Starts Here Storage Vitamin Basic Manufacture Site of Metabolic Activity Isomer Content and Delivered Activity of Various Sources of Feed Grade Vitamin A European 1 Europe
30、an 2 Chinese Declared Level (iu/g) 500,000 1,000,000 500,000 Analysed Level (iu/g) 512,000 1,009,000 515,000 Trans-Isomer (%) 93.8 95.6 96.1 13-Cis Isomer (%) 6.2 4.3 3.7 9-Cis Isomer (%) N/D N/D 0.2 Net Activity (iu/g) 489,144 488,376 500,250 (50% equivalent) PigTecCo The Pig Technology Company Ltd
31、. Consultancy Knowledge Transfer Innovation Dr Mike A Varley Antibiotic Growth Promoters PigTecCo The Pig Technology Company Ltd. Consultancy Knowledge Transfer Innovation Dr Mike A Varley PigTecCo The Pig Technology Company Ltd. Consultancy Knowledge Transfer Innovation Dr Mike A Varley What Can St
32、ill Be Used in Europe (EU) Prescription antibiotics Red Cards for veterinarians The non-prescription antibiotics were banned in 2006 PigTecCo The Pig Technology Company Ltd. Consultancy Knowledge Transfer Innovation Dr Mike A Varley Pre-biotics A range of products Oligosaccharides FOS MOS GOS TOS, C
33、OS They are indigestible polysaccharides They help to promote the right gut flora They acidulate They may have beneficial effects on the gut immune system They promote more efficient digestion Immune stimulators PigTecCo The Pig Technology Company Ltd. Consultancy Knowledge Transfer Innovation Dr Mi
34、ke A Varley The concept of oligosaccharides feed additives PigTecCo The Pig Technology Company Ltd. Consultancy Knowledge Transfer Innovation Dr Mike A Varley Control group Aureomycin group COS group Beginning heads 100 100 100 Beginning daily age 30 30 30 Beginning average weight(Kg) 7.7 7.6 7.5 En
35、ding daily age 70 70 70 Ending heads 95 96 99 Ending average weight(Kg) 25.5 26.4 29.8 Feed weight(Kg) 33.5 34.6 39.7 Daily increased weight(g) 445 470 558 Feed conversion rate 1.88 1.84 1.78 Death heads 4 4 0 Eliminate heads 1 0 1 Effect of COS on growth of post-weaned piglets COS Piglets grew 19%
36、faster than positive controls ! Yegang Wang, Livestock Bureau of Kaiyuan City, Liaoning Kaiyuan PigTecCo The Pig Technology Company Ltd. Consultancy Knowledge Transfer Innovation Dr Mike A Varley Home Mixers Grind & Mix Farmers PigTecCo The Pig Technology Company Ltd. Consultancy Knowledge Transfer
37、Innovation Dr Mike A Varley Conclusions PigTecCo The Pig Technology Company Ltd. Consultancy Knowledge Transfer Innovation Dr Mike A Varley Conclusions The need to improve standards worldwide in the manufacture of animal feedstuffs will become more urgent Animal feeds and the ingredients of feedstuf
38、fs are an important part of a safe food chain and should be visibly safe and accountable practices used The UK have established FSA (Food Standards Agency) to monitor, control and regulate all parts of the feed-food chain down to the consumer (farm-fork) There will be more pitfalls along the way but consumers expect and deserve high quality safe food if we dont produce it then someone else will (Brazil, Thailand, America, Australia) PigTecCo The Pig Technology Company Ltd. Consultancy Knowledge Transfer Innovation Dr Mike A Varley Thank You