Unit 3 Getting along with others 课时作业(三)-高三英语一轮复习牛津译林版(2020)必修第一册.docx
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1、课时作业(三)必修一 Unit 3 Getting along with othersI. 阅读理解A(2022高三湖北十一校联考)We all know that friends are special people whom we share our lives with, and who share their lives with us in return. But seeking friends and keeping the friendship going are never easy.According to research recently published in the
2、 Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, the key is to use “we-talk”. Led by University of California psychologist Megan Robbins and her colleagues, the researchers reviewed and analyzed 30 different studies involving over 5,000participants. This largest-ever analysis of “we-talk” suggested th
3、at the frequent use of “we”and “us” is linked to happier and healthier relationships. The word “we” moves people from an individual position into a partnership, which makes us more interdependent. “The pronouns offer an insight into whether people see themselves as individuals or as part of a whole.
4、 Word use is a window into what people are thinking and feeling without asking them,” Robbins told Science Daily.Their research also found that “we-talk” is helpful in resolving conflicts. “The primary point is that interdependence may bring about supportive and relationship-centered behaviours and
5、positive perceptions (看法) of the partner-especially important in times of stress and conflict,” said study author Alexander Karan. US-based magazine Psychology Today used the word “union” to describe the impact on a partner upon hearing “we-talk”.Contrary to “we-talk”, there is “I-talk”, which refer
6、s to the frequent use of first-person singular pronouns, such as “I”, “me”, and “mine”, when writing or speaking.Earlier this year, researchers from the University of Arizona, US, analyzed a set of data that came from 4, 700 people in Germany and the US. They found that too much “I-talk” is an accur
7、ate linguistic marker for the likelihood that someone is feeling stressed or experiencing negative emotions.“If you are speaking in a personal contextso youre speaking about something thats of relevance to you,” lead researcher Allison Tackman told The Independent. “But if youre communicating in a c
8、ontext thats more impersonal, such as describing a picture, we did not see the relationship emerge.”As you can see from the two studies, too much “I-talk” can make you feel depressed. But “we-talk” can encourage you to become more positive and create a ripple effect (连锁反应) of healthy interdependence
9、 with others.So next time youre talking to a friend, try using more “we-talk”. You may find yourself feeling more positiveand the effect it will have on your friend will be positive as well.1. According to Megan Robbins and her colleagues research, we can infer the following EXCEPT .A. too much “I-t
10、alk” certainly indicates pressure or depressionB. more than 5, 000 people were involved in their researchC. the more we use“we” and us”, the happier we may feelD. “we-talk” may help us build better teamwork in our work2. What can be the benefit of “we-talk”?A. We may avoid arguments and conflicts wi
11、th it.B. It may help promote friendship in our life.C. It can help produce a feeling of individualism.D. We can become more independent of others.3. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 8 mean?A. A person tends to use “I-talk” too much if he is experienced.B. “I-talk” is an exact linguistic ma
12、rker for peoples feelings.C. If a person uses “I-talk” a lot, he is probably in a bad mood.D. It is possible that someone likes “I-talk”when he is in an impersonal context.4. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Using “we-talk contributes to building good social relationships.B. The importance of
13、 choosing the word in our daily conversation.C. Using too much “I-talk” may lead you to become upset.D. Introduction to “we-talk in our daily communication.B(2022南通市高三调研)There is more that comes with older age than greying hair and wrinkled skin. When humans reach their later years, they favour more
14、 established friends and their social circles are reduced.Now, for what appears to be the first time, scientists have seen the same behaviour in another species. Twenty years of observations of chimpanzees (黑猩猩) reveal that older males choose to hang out with their long-term friends at the expense o
15、f other relationships.The researchers studied 78, 000 hours of observations made between 1996 and 2016 that followed the social interactions of 21 male chimpanzees between the ages of 15 and 58 years old. They classified the chimps relationships depending on the amount of time they sat with others a
16、nd groomed them. They then rated the various pairings as mutual (相互的) friendships, where both chimps relationship seemed to enjoy the relationship; one-sided friendships, where one chimp was more keen to be a friend than the other; and non-friendships, where neither chimp showed interest in the othe
17、r. When the scientists looked at the patterns of friendships, they found that the older chimps had more mutual friendships and fewer one-sided friendships than younger chimps. Another feature seen in older humans was also spotted in the chimps. As the males got older, their levels of aggression (挑衅)
18、 tailed off, meaning they started fewer fights and tended to intimidate others in their group less often.The observations have left the researchers puzzled. According to an idea in psychology known as socioemotional selectivity theory, or SST, older humans prefer more positive relationships because
19、they are aware time is running out. But many animal experts argue that chimpanzees lack the human sense of mortality,suggesting something else is driving the behaviour.Robin Dunbar, a professor of evolutionary psychology at the University of Oxford, said in humans, the decline in social circles with
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