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1、Unit 4 Unit 4 Unit 4 Unit 4 Protecting our heritage sitesProtecting our heritage sitesProtecting our heritage sitesProtecting our heritage sitesGrammar and usageGrammar and usageGrammar and usageGrammar and usageAppositive clausesAppositive clausesAppositive clausesAppositive clausesBy Miss.ZhangThe
2、 term appositive can refer to a noun,noun phrase or noun clause that sits next to another noun in order to rename or describe it.As stated above,an appositive can be a noun,noun phrase or a noun clause.What is an Appositive?Our dog,is only two years old.(noun)He read a story about Thomas Edison,.(no
3、un phrase)Dr.Gulati,is from India.(noun clause)The beast,attacked him.(noun clause)Appositives are usually separated by the rest of the sentence by commas,brackets or dashes if the information contained in the appositive is not essential to identify the noun.Observe the appositives in the following
4、sentences to observe these different functions.Find the sentences with appositive clauses in the article.Noonecandenythefactthattheywereconstructedin13thcenturyBCE.They were constructed in 13th century BCE描述描述fact的内容的内容The Great TempleIn ancient times,the Great Temple was known as“The Temple of Rame
5、sses-Meryamun,”which means Ramses,beloved by Amun.It stands 30m(98ft)tall and 35(115ft)long.The facade of this structure,the Great Temple of Abu Simbel,is 35 meters(115 feet)long and a full 30 meters(98 feet)high.Exploring the rules,but no one can deny the fact that they were constructed in the 13th
6、 century BCE.they had no idea whether the temples could be saved from the rising waters.Some experts,however,had a feeling that it was possible.At first,they had no idea which way could work.There was no guarantee that it would work,Furthermore,the experts had no clue whether any parts of the temple
7、s would break during transport.,but we have the belief that we will need this kind of cooperation in heritage preservation.CouldyoufindthesentenceswithappositiveclausesinthearticleExploring the rulesWorking out the rules An appositive clause is usually placed after an abstract noun to explain its co
8、ntent.We often use(1)_,(2)_ or a question word to introduce an appositive clause.Nouns that can be followed by an appositive clause include fact,idea,news,opinion,etc.whetherthat 根据引导词来区别同位语从句和定语从句。根据引导词来区别同位语从句和定语从句。如果引导从句的词为如果引导从句的词为when，where，why或者或者how，而其前面的名词又分别表示时间、，而其前面的名词又分别表示时间、地点、原因或方式方法等意
9、义，则它们为关系副词，引导的是定语从句。例如：地点、原因或方式方法等意义，则它们为关系副词，引导的是定语从句。例如：Ill never forget the day when I saw the Great Wall我永远不会忘记我见到长城的那一天。我永远不会忘记我见到长城的那一天。This is the room where Lu Xun once lived这是鲁迅曾住过的屋子。这是鲁迅曾住过的屋子。而这些连接副词与前面的名词意义不相关时，这些词便是连接副词，引导同位语从句前而这些连接副词与前面的名词意义不相关时，这些词便是连接副词，引导同位语从句前面的名词往往也是面的名词往往也是idea
10、，truth，news等。例如：等。例如：The question when we will start the work is not decided我们何时开始工作的问题尚未决我们何时开始工作的问题尚未决定。定。You have no idea how worried I was你不知道我是多么担心。你不知道我是多么担心。Read the sentences below and tick the one with appositive clauses.1 We have no doubt that UNESCO is trying to protect the heritage sites
11、.2 This was the clue that helped the police find the man who had destroyed the ancient statues.对对doubt内容进行描述内容进行描述代替代替clue3 Many people do not know the reason why this heritage site is threatened.4 There is no question whether we should protect our shared heritage-we simply have to.5 I want to plan
12、my trip but I have no idea when the temples will open.why修饰修饰reason对对question内容进行描述内容进行描述对对idea内容进行描述内容进行描述Chris meets with Miss Ma to discuss UNESCOs work related to heritage preservation.Complete the conversation below with proper linking words to form appositive clauses.Chris:Sorry to interrupt y
13、ou,Miss Ma.Im writing an article about UNESCOs work on heritage preservation.Can you tell me something about it?Miss Ma:Sure.In 1972,the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage was adopted by the General Conference of UNESCO.Exercise B2Chris:But Ive heard some
14、 people have serious doubts _ the World Heritage Convention really helps.Miss Ma:Sure,it does.It links the concepts of nature conservation and the preservation of cultural properties together.Apart from the Convention,the World Heritage Committee was established in 1976 and passed the motion _ we sh
15、ould protect our cultural and natural heritage sites.whetherthatChris:I see.Can you tell me what the World Heritage Committee does?Miss Ma:Of couse.For example,it votes to determine which sites are to be listed as UNESCO heritages sites and monitors the state of conservation.Chris:Thats amazing.Is C
16、hina one of the UNESCO States Parties?Miss Ma:Yes.Do you have any idea _ Chinese properties are on the World Heritage List?how manyChris:Yes,more than 50 now.For example,the Grand Canal,the worlds longest and oldest canal,was on the list in 2014.Ive heard the news _ certain heritage sites in China a
17、re under threat.Miss Ma:Youre right.The proposal _ we should raise public awareness of heritage protection is worth considering.thatthat Chris is talking to her friend Jenny about a historic site in the city.In pairs,complete the conversation below using appositive clauses.Chris:I was upset that tho
18、se ancient buildings were in such bad condition.Jenny:But didnt you hear the news(1)_?Chris:No,I didnt.Thats great news!I have a dream(2)_ _.Jenny:Ill join you.After all,we have no idea(3)_ _.that they are being restoredable to visit this site when the repair work is overanother chance to visitthat Ill be when well getExercise B3:HomeworkGo through the grammar notes on Page 96 and finish page 76.