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1、第三节第三节 推理判断题解题技巧推理判断题解题技巧 阅读理解推理判断题要求在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对文中细节的暗示和语篇逻辑关系的分析做出一定的判断和推理，从而理解作者所要传达的信息、得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。它主要考查考生理清上下文逻辑关系的能力和考生的识别能力。一、题型特点与命题方式一、题型特点与命题方式 解答推理判断题要以文字信息为依据，既不能作出在原文中找不到依据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息进行多余推理。也就是说，既要求考生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求考生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作出正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法
2、或观点。这类试题常以如下句式发问：What can you conclude from this passage？Whats the authors attitude towards.？We can infer from the passage that.What is the authors attitude towards?推理判断（infer）题必须把握住的一个原则是：正确选项必须是由文中事实推断出的另一个正确的事实，必须是not directly stated in the passage.二、解题思路与应试技巧二、解题思路与应试技巧 考生做题时一定要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面
3、意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”。首先，考生在阅读时，要抓住文章的主题和细节，分析文章结构，根据上下文内在联系，挖掘文章的深层含义。在进行推理时，考生一定要仔细阅读短文，千万不可脱离原文而仅凭个人的看法，主观臆断。其次，对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机、事件的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判断、推理、分析，进一步增强理解能力，抓住材料实质性的东西。再次，在解答推理性问题时，应清楚所要解答的问题是针对某个细节进行推断，还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行推断。针对细节的推断可运用scanning方法，迅速在阅读材料中
4、确定推理依据的位置或范围，然后再进行推理判断。针对主题思想作推断时，其解题的主要依据是文章的主题思想，然后再分析句子之间的逻辑关系，区分观点与例证、原因与结果、主观点与次观点。三、推理判断题类型三、推理判断题类型1、细节推断题是推理判断题 细节推断题是推理判断题中比较简单的一类试题，它要求考生根据语篇中具体的内容和信息点，推断出文章中具体的细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。解答此类试题时，一般可根据短文所提供的信息或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。考生只要正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，就可作出准确的推断。主观臆断是许多考生做这类题时普遍存在的一个问题。经典例题1 I p
5、romised Michael I wouldnt mention this until the season was over.Now I think its time.Early last season,（第24题推断依据）I wrote a column(专栏)about an act of kindness I had seen Jordan do to a disabled child outside the stadium.After it ran,I got a call from a man in the western suburbs.He said,“I read what
6、 you wrote about Jordan,but I thought I should tell you another thing I saw.”Here it comes,I thought.It always does.Write something nice about a person,and people call you up to say that the person is not so nice.A few weeks later Jordan and I were talking about something else before a game,and I br
7、ought up what the man had said.Was the man right?Had Jordan really been talking to those two boys in that poor and dirty neighborhood?“Not two boys,”Jordan said.“But four.”And he named them.He said four names.And what did they talk about?“Everything,”Jordan said.（第25题推断依据）“Ive asked to see their gra
8、des so that I can check to see if theyre paying attention to their study.If it turns out one or two of them may need teaching,I make sure they get it.”Its just one more part of Michael Jordans life,one more thing that no one knows about,one more thing Jordan does fight for.The NBA season is over now
9、,and those boys have their memories.So do I!When the expert reviewers begin to turn against Jordan as they surely will,Ill think about those boys under the streetlight,waiting for the man they know to come.For someone they can depend on.24.The writer of the passage might be _.A.a teammate B.a column
10、ist C.a coach D.the father of those boys【答案】B。【解析】由第二段“I wrote a column about an act of kindness.”可知作者是一位专栏作家。【点评】推理判断题。25.The text implies that Jordan is_.A.an excellent basketball playerB.good at dealing with problems of lifeC.always ready to make friends with young peopleD.willing to do whatever
11、he can for the good of society【答案】D。【解析】作者通过讲述乔丹关心残疾和贫困孩子的故事，暗示乔丹爱做好事，为社会做贡献。【点评】推理判断题。2、作者态度或目的的推断类型题目 作者态度或观点的推断类型题目考查考生是否了解文中作者或文中人物对某事物所持的观点或态度。要求考生具有在正确理解文意的基础上，对观点或态度倾向进行分析、识别的能力。该类型题目的选项一般含有以下三类词：中性词：uninterested(不感兴趣的)，neutral(中立的)，indifferent(漠不关心的)等；褒义词：positive(积极的)，supportive(支持的)，humoro
12、us(滑稽有趣的)，enthusiastic(热情的)，admiring(赞赏的)等；贬义词：disgusted(厌恶的)，critical(批评的)，negative(否定的，消极的)，disappointed(失望的)等。经典例题1 You wake up in the morning,the day is beautiful and the plans for the day are what you have been looking forward to for a long time.Then the telephone rings,you say hello,and the dr
13、ama starts.The person on the other end has a depressing tone in his voice as he starts to tell you how terrible his morning is and that there is nothing to look forward to.You are still in a wonderful mood?Impossible!Communicating with negative people can wash out your happiness.It may not change wh
14、at you think,but communicating long enough with them will make you feel depressed for a moment or a long time.Life brings ups and downs,but some people are stuck in the wrong idea that life has no happiness to offer.They only feel glad when they make others feel bad.No wonder they can hardly win oth
15、ers pity or respect.When you communicate with positive people,your spirit stays happy and therefore more positive things are attracted.When the dagger(匕首)of a negative person is put in you,you feel the heavy feeling that all in all,brings you down.Sometimes we have no choice but to communicate with
16、negative people.This could be a co-worker,or a relative.In this case,say what needs to be said as little as possible.Sometimes it feels good to let out your anger back to the negative person,but all this does is to lower you to that same negative level and they wont feel ashamed of themselves about
17、that.Negativity often affects happiness without even being realized.The negative words of another at the start of the day can cling to(附着)you throughout the rest of your day,which makes you feel bad and steals your happiness.（第30题推断依据）Life is too short to feel negative.Stay positive and avoid negati
18、vity as much as possible.30.What is the authors attitude towards negative people?A.Favorable.B.Critical.C.Indifferent.D.Supportive【答案】C。【解析】通过概括全文可以得知，作者对negative people持批评态度，故选B，critical“批判的”。favorable“赞成的”；indifferent“冷漠的”；supportive“支持的”，均不符合题意。【点评】作者态度推理判断题。3、写作意图推断题写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图。
19、作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行归纳总结和分析的能力。判断文章的写作目的时一定要对文章主题有正确的把握；阅读时务必找准文章的主旨句，准确归纳文章主题。经典例题1（第30题推断依据）You wake up in the morning,the day is beautiful and the plans for the day are what you have been looking forward to for a long time.Then the tele
20、phone rings,you say hello,and the drama starts.The person on the other end has a depressing tone in his voice as he starts to tell you how terrible his morning is and that there is nothing to look forward to.You are still in a wonderful mood?Impossible!Communicating with negative people can wash out
21、 your happiness.It may not change what you think,but communicating long enough with them will make you feel depressed for a moment or a long time.Life brings ups and downs,but some people are stuck in the wrong idea that life has no happiness to offer.They only feel glad when they make others feel b
22、ad.No wonder they can hardly win others pity or respect.26.The purpose of the first paragraph is to _.A.make a comparison B.offer an evidenceC.introduce a topic D.describe a daily scene【答案】C。【解析】由第一段可以概括得知，这是用一个电话的实例来引出下文要谈论的话题。【点评】作者写作目的推理判断题。4、推测文章的来源或者推测读者对象类 推测文章的来源或者推测读者对象类题目要求考生本身要具备一定的常识，这样才能
23、把文章的内容与自己已经具备的常识结合起来作出准确推断。比如考生要对报纸、杂志、网络、小说、童话、广告、说明书、旅游指南、药品说明、操作指南等有基本的了解，这样才能根据文章的特点对号入座，选出最佳答案。经典例题1 A volcanic eruption in Iceland has sent ash across northern Europe.Airlines have stopped or changed the flights across the Atlantic Ocean,leaving hundreds of passengers stuck in airports.Grimsvo
24、m is one of the largest and most active volcanoes in Europe.What makes Grimsvom different is that it lies under a huge glacier(冰川)of ice up t0 12 meters thick.The hot volcano heats up the ice above.which then forms a layer（层）of water between the glacier and the volcano.This layer of water puts press
25、ure on the volcano.keeping it stable.As the water flows out from the glacier，the pressure lifts.The lava（岩浆）from the volcano then comes up to the surface.This is exactly what happened today.Now,airlines have to make changes to their flights so as not to fly through the clouds of volcanic ash.Accordi
26、ng to KLM,one of Europes biggest airlines,airplanes cannot go under the cloud or over it.Going through the cloud can result in ash getting stuck in the airplanes engines,causing damage to the plane.The eruption has also caused problems for animals in Iceland.Ash and glass-like rocks are all over the countryside.Farmers are keeping their animals inside to stop them eating ash-covered grass and the sharp objects.30.This text is most probably taken from_.A.a detective story B.a newspaperC.a novel D.a geography textbook【答案】B。【解析】本文主要讲述了冰岛火山喷发后的情况，是一篇新闻报道，故选B。【点评】来源推理判断题。