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1、Section Grammar限制性定语从句 语 境 自 主 领 悟 先观察原句 1.I know youre dying to hear all about my life here，so Ive included some photos which will help you picture the places I talk about.2.The boys who had never come across anything like this before started jumping out of the windows.3。We walked for two and a hal
2、f hours to get therefirst up a mountain to a ridge from where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below。4.The only possessions I could see were one broom，a few tin plates and cups and a couple of jars.后自主感悟 1。所有例句中黑体部分都是限制性定语从句.2.例句 1 中黑体部分包括两个定语从句：which 引导的定语从句修饰表物的先行词 s
3、ome photos，在从句中作主语；I talk about 是省略了关系代词 that/which(在从句中作宾语）的定语从句，修饰表物的先行词 the places。3.例句 2 中黑体部分为 who 引导的定语从句修饰表人的先行词 The boys,who 在从句中作主语。4。例句 3 中黑体部分为 from where 引导的定语从句修饰表物的先行词 a ridge。5。例句 4 中黑体部分为省略了关系代词 that（在从句中作宾语）的定语从句，修饰表物的先行词 The only possessions。一、定语从句的相关概念 1定语从句 在复合句中作定语修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从
4、句叫定语从句。2先行词 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3关系词 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词分为关系代词(that,which,who，whom，whose,as 等)和关系副词（when，where，why 等）两类。关系词通常有三个作用:（1)连接定语从句;（2）指代先行词;（3)在定语从句中充当一个句子成分。4限制性定语从句 用来修饰和限制先行词，与先行词之间的关系非常密切，它所修饰的先行词代表一个（些）或一类特指的人或物，说明先行词的性质、身份、特征等状况,如果去掉，则意思含混不清。She is the girl that you want to know.(限制性定语从句）她是你想
5、认识的女孩。He seems not to have grasped what I meant,which greatly upsets me。（非限制性定语从句）他似乎没理解我的意思，这使我很心烦。即时训练 1 用适当的关系词填空 The exact year which/that Angela and her family spent together in China was 2017.The little girl that/whom/who I spoke to just now is my sister.二、关系代词的基本用法 关系代词 先行词 在从句中充当的成分 who 人 主语
6、、宾语、表语 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语、宾语、表语 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 whose 人或物 定语 The old man（who/whom/that）we visited yesterday is a famous artist。我们昨天拜访的那位老人是位著名的艺术家。Miss Wang is taking care of the child whose parents have gone to Beijing.王小姐正在照顾一个父母去了北京的小孩。This is the textbook(that/which)he is loo
7、king for。这就是他正在找的课本。名师点津 定语从句中的主谓一致 当关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句中谓语动词的数原则上要与先行词保持一致，但要注意以下几点：先行词是“one of复数名词结构时,关系代词引导的定语从句中的谓语动词一般用复数形式；但如有 the very，the only，the first，the last,the right 等修饰one 时，谓语动词用单数。This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked。这是被问过的最有意思的问题之一.She is the only one of t
8、he girls who studies hard。她是这些女孩中唯一一个刻苦学习的。即时训练 2 用适当的关系词填空 I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise.Well reach the sales targets in a month which/that we set at the beginning of the year.三、使用关系代词的注意事项 1who 可取代 whom 在从句中作动词的宾语，也可省略。如果 whom 在从句中作介词的宾语，且介词提前只能用 whom。This i
9、s the pilot（who/whom)I bought a camera for.This is the pilot for whom I bought a camera.这个就是我给他买照相机的飞行员。2whose 既表示人又表示物，在从句中作定语,往往修饰名词，whose 常表达“某人的、某物的”之意。whose 表示物时,whose名词the名词of which。Please pass me the book whose cover(the cover of which)is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。3指物时用 that 而不用 which 的情况（1)当 先 行 词 为
10、all,everything，nothing，anything,something，none，few，little，much 等不定代词时。All（that）the graduate lacks is practice.那位毕业生缺少的只是实践.（2)当先行词被 very，both,the only，all 等修饰时。This is the only coat that I have.这是我拥有的唯一的外套。（3)当先行词被形容词的最高级修饰或序数词修饰时。This is the most attractive match that I have watched。这是我所看过的比赛中最吸引人的
11、一场。（4)当并列的两个先行词（分别表示人和物时）被同一个从句修饰时，关系代词用that。She took photos of people and things（that）she was interested in。她给她所感兴趣的人和物拍照.（5）主句是以 who,which，what 开头的特殊疑问句时，定语从句一般用 that 引导，不用 who 或 which。Who was the person that helped the girl out?帮助那个女孩摆脱困境的是谁？（6）当关系代词在从句中作表语时，常用 that。Your disease is not the case t
12、hat it used to be.你的病已经不是过去的情况了。4用 as 引导限制性定语从句的情况(1）such名词as.“像一样的”Do you have such books as we like?你有我们喜欢的那种书吗？（2)the same名词as。.。“和同样 Its the same person as we wanted to find yesterday.他/她就是我们昨天要找的人。(3)as形容词名词as。.。“像一样的 She will marry as wealthy a man as she can find.她将嫁给一个她能找到的有钱人。5用“介词关系代词引导定语从
13、句的情况 有时从句中的介词可以提前到关系代词之前，形成“介词关系代词”结构,关系代词可以用 which，whose,whom，不可以用 that。其选择依据如下：(1)根据定语从句中动词或形容词等的习惯搭配.I bought a great many books on which I spent all my money that I saved.我买了很多书,这些书花光了我所有的积蓄。(2)依据与先行词的搭配。This is the camera with which he often takes photos.这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。(3）根据所表达的意义.This is the pi
14、lot by whom my son was saved。这就是救了我儿子的那位飞行员。即时训练 3 用适当的关系词填空 Please send us all the information that you have about the candidate for the position.In our class there are 46 students，of whom half wear glasses.She is such a nice girl as we all like。四、关系副词的基本用法 关系副词 when,why,where 在定语从句中分别代替表示时间、原因、地点的
15、先行词，并分别在从句中作时间、原因、地点状语。另外关系副词也可根据其在句中的搭配关系,转换成“介词关系代词”的结构。关系副词 被代替的先行词 在从句中的作用 when 表示时间的名词 时间状语 where 表示地点的名词 地点状语 why 表示原因的名词（只用 reason)原因状语 We dont know the exact time when（at which)the English Evening will be held。我们不知道英语晚会举行的确切时间。(时间状语)Beijing is the place where(in which)I was born。北京是我的出生地。（地点
16、状语）Is this the reason why(for which)he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？（原因状语)名师点津 先行词是 time 的情况 当先行词是 time 时，若 time 表示“次数”,应用 that 引导定语从句，并且 that 可以省略；若 time 表示“一段时间”讲，应用 when 或“at/duringwhich引导定语从句。This is the second time（that)the president has visited the country.这是这位总统第二次访问这个国家.This is a time w
17、hen/during which there were no radios,no telephones or no TV sets。这是在一个没有收音机，没有电话，也没有电视的时代。即时训练 4 用适当的关系词填空 The next day，my brother and I went to the beach where we watched some people play volleyball.I am looking forward to the day when my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.We
18、 dont know the reason why they didnt keep their promise。五、使用关系副词的注意事项 1当先行词为表示方式的 the way 时，从句不能用 how 来引导，应该用 that 或 in which，或省略不用。We admire the way（that/in which）he solved the problem.我们敬佩他解决这一问题的方式.2表示抽象地点的名词（case，scene，situation，condition，life,point 等)作先行词，且从句中缺少地点状语时，常用关系副词 where 引导定语从句.There a
19、re cases where(in which）the word“mighty is used as an adverb.在一些情况下，mighty 一词可用作副词。3occasion，period 等作先行词时，且从句中缺少时间状语，常用关系副词 when。There are occasions when(on which)one must yield。任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。（时间状语)即时训练 5 用适当的关系词填空 Today well discuss some cases where parents have difficulty in communicating with th
20、eir kids.The way that he looks at problems is wrong。Describe an occasion when you had to give a presentation to an audience。单句语法填空 1That is the girl to whom you talked just now。2Do you know the name of that girl whose brother is your roommate?3Students should involve themselves in community activiti
21、es where they can gain experience for growth。4The main school holidays are from Mid.December till early February when the days are long and warm。5It is the first American film that Ive ever seen。6 Happiness and success often come to those who are good at recognizing their own strengths.7 She has a g
22、ift for creating an atmosphere for her students which/that allows them to communicate freely with each other.8Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment where they live。9Do you know the reason why he was so sorry？10The English play in which my students acted at the New Years party was
23、a great success。.用限制性定语从句合并句子 1I invited the boys.Some of the boys didnt come。Some of the boys whom/who/that I invited didnt come./I invited the boys,some of whom didnt come.2We are living in an age.Many things are done on computers in the age.We are living in an age when many things are done on com
24、puters。3A modern city has been set up in the place。The place was a wasteland ten years ago.A modern city has been set up in the place which was a wasteland ten years ago。4Working conditions are difficult in the place。Id like to go there。Id like to go to the place where working conditions are difficu
25、lt。5 He often helps the students。He thinks they are not quick at their studies。He often helps the students who he thinks are not quick at their studies。尊敬的读者：本文由我和我的同事在百忙中收集整编出来，本文档在发布之前我们对内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有不尽如人意之处，如有疏漏之处请指正，希望本文能为您解开疑惑,引发思考。文中部分文字受到网友的关怀和支持，在此表示感谢！在往后的日子希望与大家共同进步，成长。This article is co
26、llected and compiled by my colleagues and I in our busy schedule.We proofread the content carefully before the release of this article,but it is inevitable that there will be some unsatisfactory points.If there are omissions,please correct them.I hope this article can solve your doubts and arouse your thinking.Part of the text by the users care and support,thank you here!I hope to make progress and grow with you in the future.