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1、一、名词（可数名词和不可数名词）二、人称代词三、冠词四、动词五、介词六、数词七、形容词和副词八、there be结构九、句式1.肯定句2.否定句3.疑问句4.祈使句十、时态：1.一般现在时2.一般过去时3.现在进行时4.一般将来时十一、“wh”的特殊疑问句第1页/共53页一、名词名词具体名词抽象名词普通名词专有名词个体名词集体名词名词可数名词不可数名词单数复数第2页/共53页英语语法中，名词有两种数的形式：1）单数（表示一个人或事物）；2）复数（表示多于一个的人或数）。只有可数名词才有复数形式。名词的数：名词的数：第3页/共53页名词复数形式的构成形式形式变化规则变化规则发音发音例词例词一般情
2、况一般情况+s1.清辅音结尾的名词后清辅音结尾的名词后s2.浊辅音结尾的名词后浊辅音结尾的名词后z；3.元音结尾的名词后元音结尾的名词后z;books,cups,catsdogs,birds,armsdays,players以以-s,-sh,-ch,-x,-z结尾的名结尾的名词词+esizbus,brush,boxes,watch,大多数以大多数以-o结结尾的名词尾的名词+esztomatoes,potatoes以元音字母加以元音字母加o结尾的名词结尾的名词+szradios,pianos以辅音字母加以辅音字母加y结尾的名词结尾的名词把把y改成改成i再再加加eszstories,familie
3、s,babies以以f和和fe结尾的结尾的大多数名词大多数名词把把f或或fe改改成成v再加再加eszthieves,knives不规则名词的复数由元音字母的变化构成：man-men,tooth-teeth,foot-feet,mouse-mice,woman-women2.有些名词的复数形式与单数的形式一样：sheep,deer,fish(但也可以是fishes)有些名词变成复数时加-en:child-children,ox-oxen第4页/共53页Practisepeach_2.zoo_3.glass_ 4.fox_5.lady_6.policewoman_7.house_8.photo_9
4、.monkey_10.wife_11.rose_12.path_13.judge_14.map_peacheszoosglassesfoxesladiespolicewomenhousesphotosmonkeyswivesrosespathsjudgesmaps第5页/共53页代 词第6页/共53页二、人称代词主格：Iweyousheheitthey宾格：meusyouherhimitthem形容词性物主代词：myouryourherhisitstheir名词性物主代词：mineoursyours hershisitstheirs第一人称第二人称第三人称后跟名词能够在句子中独立作主语、宾语或
5、表语第7页/共53页Practise_(他)ismybrother.2.Ihadaletterfrom_(她).3.Itsallright;itsonly_(我).4.Today_(我们)wentin_(我们的)car;tomorrow_(我们)aregoingin_(他们的).5._(我)lend_(我的)booksgladlyto_(我的)friendsandto_(你的).6.Canyouhelp_(我)with_(我的)English.7.When_(你)gotosee_(你的)father,pleasetakethesebooksto_(他).8._(他们)found_(它)diff
6、iculttolearnGerman.HehermeweourwetheirsImymyyoursmemyyouyourhimTheyit第8页/共53页所有格所有格的形式单数人称名词末尾加schild-childs以-s结尾的单数人称名词末尾加swaitress-waitresss不规则的复数人称名词末尾加schildren-childrens以-s结尾的复数人称名词末尾加girls-girls以-s结尾的一些人名末尾加sJames-Jamess下列情况一般用“of”结构：东西(没有现成的复合名词时):thebookofthefilm2.东西的一部分:thebottomofthebox3.抽
7、象的概念:thepriceofsuccess4.当of短语中的名词被另一个短语或从句修饰时：Cantyoulookatthebookoftheboybehindyou?双重s结构也可以用于“of”结构之后，如：afriendofmyfathers,出现这种情况是因为在一个名词前通常只用一个限定词，又如：thissonofmine,afriendofyours,acousinofhers等等。IsntFrankafriendofyours?ThatsillyuncleofTomshastoldmethesameJokefivetimes.第9页/共53页冠 词第10页/共53页冠词不定冠词a,a
8、n定冠词the只能用于单数可数名词之前单数可数名词复数可数名词不可数名词零冠词名词前可不用冠词第11页/共53页不定冠词的用法：表示“一”，“任何一个”或“不管哪一个”的意思。Ihaveasisterandtwobrothers.2.在某些度量表示法中：WehavePElessonsthreetimesaweek.3.用在单数的表语名词前，以表示职业、行业、宗教、等级等。Georgewantstobeanengineer.4.在以what引导的感叹句中，单数的可数名词前。Whataprettygirl!5.一些常用短语中。haveagoodtime,halfanhour,haveaheadac
9、he.第12页/共53页定冠词的用法：用来表示“独一无二”的意思。Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.2.表示“说话的人刚刚提到过的人或事物”。Thereisaboatintheriver.Theboatismadeofwood.3.用在后面跟有限定性介词短语的名词前。theletterfromAmerica,thefourteenthofApril4.用在泛指的乐器名词前。Heplaysthepiano.5.一些常用短语。bytheway,inthemorning,Whatsthematter?第13页/共53页零冠词的用法：泛指的抽象名词前。Lifei
10、sveryhardforsomepeople.2.泛指的物质名词前。Waterisveryuseful.3.泛指的复数名词前。Booksaremybestfriends.4.泛指的“餐”名前。Cometohavedinner/breakfastwithme.5.大多数的专有名词前。HecomesfromFrance.6.语言的名词前。ShecanspeakFrench.7.在季节和节日的名词前。Winteristhebesttimeforskating.8.当名词前已有一些代词修饰时。Mybrotherisasoldier.9.在体育项目的名词前。playbasketball10.一些常用短语
11、。athome,gotoschool,atnight第14页/共53页1.Thereis_notebookonmydesk.Iuse_notebooktokeepadiary.2.Thereis_bottleonthetable._waterinitissweet.3.Wangsmotheris_Englishteacher.Sheteachesin_primaryschool.4.Chinais_ancientcountrywith_longhistory.5.Chinahas_populationof12hundredmillion._Chinesepeopleare_greatpeopl
12、e.6.Hermotheris_universityteacher.Sheis_honestwoman.7.Noneof_booksshouldbetakenoutof_roomwithout_permissionof_librarian.8._Partyalwaysteachesustoworkfor_peopleheartandsoul.9.Shestudiesat_No.3MiddleSchool.Shegoesto_schoolby_buseveryday.10.Myeldersisteris_studentof_English.Shestudiesat_college.11._Mon
13、daybefore_SpringFestivalwasverycold.12.Haveyouhad_dinner?PractiseatheaTheantheanatheThe/aanthethethe/The/aaThe/第15页/共53页动词动词主要表示动作，其次表示状态或性质，有时态、语态、语气等形式的变化。小学阶段所涉及的动词主要有：实义动词、be动词、情态动词can等。第16页/共53页Be动词am,is,arewas,werebeen第17页/共53页Practise1.He_verygoodatEnglish.2.MyfatherandI_goingtoBeijingnextmon
14、th.3._youondutythedaybeforeyesterday?4.Mr.King_inLondontwoweeksago.5.There_manykindsofanimalsinthezoo.6.What_thedateyesterday?7.Look!Alittlegirl_flyingakite.8.Who_notatschoollastMonday?9.Haveyouever_toJapan?10.I_notanurse.Iworkasadoctor.isareWerewasarewasiswasbeenam第18页/共53页动词的基本形式原形第三人称单数现在式过去式过去分词
15、现在分词studystudiesstudiedstudied studyingdodoesdiddonedoinghavehashadhadhavinglearnlearnslearned/learntlearned/learntlearning第19页/共53页第三人称单数现在式情况情况变化规则变化规则例词例词一般情况一般情况+sworks,learns,eats,needs,says结尾为结尾为s,x,sh,ch,o+espasses,washes,teaches,goes,fixes结尾为辅音结尾为辅音字母字母+y变y为i+escarries,studies,flies,hurries,
16、cries动词be和have的第三人称单数现在式分别是is和has。第20页/共53页动词的过去式 构成构成例词读音例词读音在动词在动词后加后加ed在以在以e结结尾的动词尾的动词后加后加ed在以辅音字母加在以辅音字母加y结尾的动词后，结尾的动词后，先变先变y为为i再加再加ed在重读闭音节或在重读闭音节或r音节音节结尾而末尾只有一个结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母时，须双写辅音字母时，须双写这个辅音字母再加这个辅音字母再加ed在清辅音后读在清辅音后读tlookedwashedpassedhopedlikedstoppeddropped在元音和浊辅音在元音和浊辅音后读后读dstayedcalledliv
17、edstudiedtriedcarriedplannedpreferred在辅音在辅音t、d后读后读idtastedneededadmittedpermitted第21页/共53页现在分词情况情况变化规则变化规则例词例词一般情况一般情况+ingdoing,asking,helping以不发音的以不发音的e结尾结尾的动词的动词去去e加加inghaving,taking,writing,living以重读闭音节结尾以重读闭音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅而末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词音字母的动词双写最后一个辅音双写最后一个辅音字母，再加字母，再加ingrunning,swimming,putting,sit
18、ting第22页/共53页原形第三人称单数现在式过去式现在分词have givegetread sweepplay carry hashadhavinggivesgavegivinggetsgotgettingreadsreadreadingsweepssweptsweepingplaysplayedplayingcarriescarriedcarryingPractise第23页/共53页五、动词的时态动词时态是表示动作或状态发生或存在的时间和表示方式的一种动词形式。小学阶段所学的时态有：一般现在时：work/works2.现在进行时：am/is/areworking3.一般过去时：work
19、ed4.一般将来时：am/is/aregoingtowork第24页/共53页一般现在时通常表示经常发生的或习惯性的动作或目前的状态。常与时间副词连用：always,often,usually,every,onSundays,twiceaweek等。基本结构肯定句否定句一般疑问句I work.We work.I dont work.We dont work.Do I work?Do we work?You work.You dont work.Do you work?They work.They dont work.Do they work?SheHe works.ItSheHe doesnt
20、 work.It sheDoes he work?it第25页/共53页现在进行时通常表示说话时或现阶段正在发生或进行着的动作。它所表示的动作具有持续性、暂时性和未完成性。常见的与现在进行时有关的词有：now,thesedays,look,listen等。基本结构肯定句肯定句否定句否定句一般疑问句一般疑问句I am working.We are working.Im not working.Were not working.Am I working?Are we working?You are working.You arent working.Are you working?They are
21、 working.They arent working.Are they working?SheHe is working.ItSheHe isnt working.It sheIs he working?it第26页/共53页一般过去时通常表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，其中也包括习惯性动作。常与表示过去的时间状语连用：yesterday,last,ago,justnow,in1998等。基本结构肯定句肯定句否定句否定句一般疑问句一般疑问句I worked.We worked.I didnt work.We didnt work.Did I work?Did we work?You
22、 worked.You didnt work.Did you work?They worked.They didnt work.Did they work?She He worked.ItSheHe didnt work.It sheDid he work?it第27页/共53页一般将来时表示将来发生的动作或情况。常与一些表示将来的时间状语连用：tomorrow,next,Begoingtodo表示主体现在打算在最近或将来要做某事；也可以表示“预见”，即现在已有迹象表明将要发生或即将发生某种情况。基本结构肯定句否定句一般疑问句Im going to work.Were going to wor
23、k.Im not going to work.We arent going to work.Am I going to work?Are we going to work?Youre going to work.You arent going to work.Are you going to work?Theyre going to work.They arent going to work.Are they going to work?SheHe is going to work.ItSheHe isnt going to work.It sheIs he going to work?it第
24、28页/共53页Peter_(play)basketballtwiceaweek.2.Doyoubelievewhathe_(say)justnow?3.Look!Thelazycat_(sleep)inthesofa.4.There_(be)abookandtwopensonthedesk.5._you_(see)afilmtomorrowmorning?6.She_(notplay)theguitaratthemoment.7.What_hisfatherusually_(do)intheevening?8.They_(have)ameetingnextweek,arentthey?9.B
25、othheandI_(be)teachers.10.I_(notfeel)verywellyesterday.11.Heputonhiscoatand_(go)out.12.LeiFengoften_(help)othersandhewashelpful.NextSunday,we_(clean)upthepark.14.Hurry!Yourmother_(wait)foryouattheschoolgate.PractiseplayssaidissleepingisAregoingtoseeisntplayingdoesdoaregoingtohavearedidntfeelwenthelp
26、saregoingtocleaniswaiting第29页/共53页六、介词介词在句子中表示名词或代词等与其他词之间的关系。不能单独作句子成分，常位于名词或代词（或与之相当的其他词类、短语、从句）前面构成介词短语。介词后面的成分作介词的宾语。方位介词in,on,at,under,to,behind,beside,near,before,infrontof,nextto,between时间介词in,on,at,after,before,fromto,past,between其它of,by,with,into,outof,for,第30页/共53页Practise1.Look_thepicture
27、.Itspicture_myschool.2.Thereisaschoolbuilding_myschool.Ithasfivefloors._theschoolbuilding,thereisabigplayground._school,thechildrenalwaysplayballgamesthere.3.Myclassroomis_thefifthfloor.Itsbigandclean.4.MissLiisourclassteacher.Shecomes_schoolearlyeverymorning.Shecomes_bicycle.Thenshedoesmorningexerc
28、ises_us.Shelikessports.Tomorrowisherbirthday.Wewillmakeacard_her.Weloveherverymuch.5.Therearesomeapples_thetree.6.Wheresyourstudy?Itsnext_mybedroom.7.Thecar_thetreeisJacks.8.Theballis_thedoor,soyoucantseeit.9._thehouse,therearemanytrees.10.Listen!Someoneisknocking_thedoor.11.Thereissomethingwrong_my
29、computer.atofinNearAfterontobywithforontounderbehindInfrontofatwith第31页/共53页七、数词表示数目的词称为基数词表示数目顺序的词称为序数词112的基数词：one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve1319的基数词：thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen2090的基数词：twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,sixty,seventy,eighty,
30、ninety2129的基数：twenty-one,twenty-two,twenty-three,twenty-four,twenty-five,twenty-six,twenty-seven,twenty-eight,twenty-ninethirty-nine,forty-eight,fifty-seven.-teen-ty十位数和个位数之间要加连字符号“-”第32页/共53页2.百位数：onehundred,twohundred,threehundred,fourhundredfivehundredandeight-six,sixhundredandninety-nine,sevenhu
31、ndredandeight,eighthundredandone3.千位数：onethousand,fourthousand,seventhousandonehundredandfive百位数和十位数之间加and。注意注意英语中没有“万”这个单位，所以常用thousand来表示。tenthousand,thirtythousand,fifteenthousandonehundred,fivehundredandonethousandfourhundredandthirty-two第33页/共53页英语序数词第1-19除了first,second与third有特殊形式外，其余的都由基数词加后缀-
32、th构成。注意：fifth,eighth,ninth和twelfth的拼法。2.十位数的序数词的构成方法是：先把十位数的基数词的词尾ty中的y变为i，然后加后缀-eth,如：twentytwentieth,fortyfortieth3.十位数的序数词如果含有1-9的个位数时，十位数用基数词，个位数用序数词，中间用“-”连字符。如：twenty-fourth,ninety-fifth4.百、千、万等的序数词由hundred,thousand,million等加-th,前面加有关的基数词构成。如：onehundredth,onethousandth注意：序数词前的one不能用a代替。onehund
33、redandtwenty-first第34页/共53页Practise1.Thereare_daysinayear.A.threehundredssixty-fiveB.threehundredsandsixty-fiveC.threehundredandsixty-fiveD.threehundredandsixtyfive2._peoplevisitthismuseumeveryday.A.HundredB.HundredsC.HundredofD.Hundredsof3.Therearetwo_peopleinthemeetingroom.A.hundredB.hundredsC.hun
34、dredsofD.hundredof4._treeshavebeenplantedinourschoolinthepast10years.A.ThousandsofB.TwothousandsC.ThousandofD.Twothousandof5.Mybrotherisin_.A.ThreeClass,OneGradeB.ClassThree,GradeOneC.GradeOne,ClassThreeD.classthree,gradeone6.Wearegoingtolearn_thisterm.A.booksixB.sixbookC.thebooksixD.BookSix7.Wecans
35、aythenumber78,645inEnglishlikethis_.A.seventy-eightthousandandsixhundredandforty-fiveB.seventy-eightthousandsixhundredandfortyfiveC.seventy-eightthousandsixhundredandforty-fiveD.seventyeightthousandsixhundredandforty-fiveCDAABDC第35页/共53页8.Theyear1999shouldbereadTheyear_.A.nineteenandninety-nineB.nin
36、eteenninety-nineC.onethousandninehundredandninety-nineD.nineteenhundredandninety-nine9.Hewillcomehere_tomorrowmorning.A.atfifthB.attenC.ontwoD.tilltenth10.Everydayhebeginstodohishomework_.A.attenpastsevenB.atsevenpasstenC.ontenpastseventhD.untilten 11.Wealllikethe_boy.A.oftenyearsoldB.ten-year-oldC.
37、attenoldD.ofageoften12.Thereare_monthsinayear.Decemberisthe_monthoftheyear.A.twelve;twelveB.twelve;twelfthC.twelfth;twelveD.twelve;twelveth13.During_century,theworldpopulationhasalreadyreached6billion.A.twentyB.thetwentiethC.twentiethD.thetwenty14.Jennywasborn_.A.onJuly10,1987B.inJuly10,1987C.in1987
38、,July10D.on1987,July10BBABBBA第36页/共53页八、形容词和副词形容词是用来描写或修饰名词（或代词）的词。副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句的词。Heisagoodstudent.2.Thefilmisveryinteresting.3.Thereissomethingwrongwiththebike.4.LucyisolderthanHelen.Theproblemisverydifficult.2.Hewrotetheletterscarefully.方式副词：carefully,quickly,suddenly2.地点副词：here,there,up
39、,down3.时间副词：yesterday,today,now4.程度副词：very,quite,much,just第37页/共53页形容词和副词的比较级和最高级情况情况比较级比较级最高级最高级一般情况一般情况+er,如：如：taller,longer,faster,sooner+est,如：如：tallest,longest,fastest,soonest以以e结尾的词结尾的词+r,如：如：later,nicer,larger+st,如：如：latest,nicest,largest以重读闭音节结以重读闭音节结尾的词尾的词双写最后一个字母，再双写最后一个字母，再+er,如如:bigger,f
40、atter双写最后一个字母，再双写最后一个字母，再+est，如：如：biggest,fattest以辅音字母加以辅音字母加y结尾的词结尾的词把把y改为改为i再再+er,如：如：busier,earlier把把y改为改为i再再+est,如：如：busiest,earliest大部分多音节词大部分多音节词在前面加在前面加more,如：如：morecareful,morewonderfully在前面加在前面加most,如：如：mostcareful,mostwonderfully不规则的词：不规则的词：good/well,many/much,farbettermorefarther/furtherb
41、estmostfarthest/further第38页/共53页比较级的用法1.用来把彼此独立的事和人进行比较，表示“比更一些”的意思，通常用一个由从属连词than引导的状语从句来表示和什么相比。为了避免重复，从句中有些成分可以省略。如：HelenistallerthanLucy.HegotmoreinformationthanIdid.HerunsfasterthanI.2.如果我们要说两个东西在某一方面是一样的，我们就可以用“as+形容词/副词+as”,形容词不用比较级而用原级。在作否定比较时，可以用notasas,notsoas,也可以用lessthan，如：Jimmyisastalla
42、shisfather.Idontwriteas/sowellasHelen.Thisfilmislessinterestingthanthatone.第39页/共53页比较级的用法3.为了表示持续不断的变化，我们可以用“双重比较”的方法，这种结构后面不可跟than引导的比较状语从句。如：Heiscryingharderandharder.Ourcountrygetsmoreandmorebeautiful.Computersaregettingsmallerandsmaller,andcomputingfasterandfaster.4.表示两个变化是一起发生的，可以把比较级形式和the一起用
43、，表示“越，就越”的意思。如：Thehigherthemountainis,thethinnertheairis.Theearlieryoustart,thesooneryouwillbeback.第40页/共53页Practise1.Shanghaiis_thanBeijing.Itis_cityinourcountry.(large)2.Billisntas_asMike.Tomis_thanMike.Whois_ofthethreeboys?(old)3.Marydrawsas_asBill,andsheismuch_thanhimatsinging.(well,good)4.Sprin
44、giscoming.Theweatherisgetting_and_.(warm)5.Tom,JonandIboughtacomputereachlastweek.Johnscomputerismuch_thanTomsandmine.Itis_ofthethree.(expensive)6.Itisalittle_todaythanyesterday.(wet)7.MrsBrownismuch_thanshewastwoyearsago.(healthy)8.Whichdoyoulike_,basketball,volleyball,orfootball?(well)largerthelar
45、gestoldoldertheoldestwellbetterwarmerwarmermoreexpensivethemostexpensivewetterhealthierbest第41页/共53页Beijingersaretrue_totheworld.(friend)2.Look!How_Kittyislaughing!(happy)3.IthinkJulyis_thananyothermonthinourcountry.(hot)4.Shealwayslistenstotheteacher_inclass.(care)5.Theparkisoneofthe_parksinBeijing
46、.(beautiful)6.ShespeaksEnglish,butnotas_ashisbrother.(good)7.Iwas_bythe_sound.(frightened,frightening)8.Themusicsounds_.(beautiful,beautifully)9.Dontmakesomuchnoise,oryouwillwakeupthe_boy.(sleeping,asleep)10.Yesterdaysconcertwaswonderful.Iveneverheardsuchan_onebefore.(excited,exciting)Practisefriend
47、lyhappilyhottercarefullymostbeautifulwellfrightenedfrighteningbeautifulsleepingexciting第42页/共53页There be 的结构肯定句：Thereis/wasaThereare/were一般疑问句:Is/Wasthere?Yes,thereis/was.No,thereisnt/was.Arethere?Yes,thereare/were.No,therearent/werent.否定句：Thereisnt/wasnt.Therearent/werent.Therebe表示“存在有”,即当我们告诉某人某事存
48、在(或不存在)常用这种结构。其中there是引导词,本身无词义;be为谓语动词,后面跟的是名词,也就是主语,也就是说therebe结构的运用也就是倒装的具体运用。其真正的主语在therebe之后。第43页/共53页There be 的结构Some和any一般情况下，some用于肯定句中，any用于否定句中。如：Thereissomemilkinthebottle.Therearentanypicturesonthewall.Isthereanythingnewintodaysnewspaper?3.特殊疑问句：Whatsinthebasket?Therearesomeeggsinit.2)Ho
49、wmanystudentsarethereinyourclass?Therearefiftystudents.2.Be动词与后面所跟名词的就近原则：Thereisapenandtwopencilsinthebox.Therearesomestudentsandateacherintheclassroom.第44页/共53页Practise1There_noteainthecupAisBareChasDbe2There_inthenextroomAisTomBaresomeboysCaretheyDistheboy3Thereissome_ontheplateAappleBbreadCbanan
50、aDsandwich4There_somepaperandapenonthedeskAisBareChaveDhas5Theresgoingto_intomorrowsnewspapersAhavesomethingnewBhavenewsomethingCbesomethingnewDbenewsomething6Thereissomemilkinthebottle，_？AisntthereBarentthereCisntitDarethere7_isthereonthetable？AHowmanyapplesBHowmuchbreadCHowmuchbreadsDHowmanyfood8T