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1、细胞生物学专业词中英文对照第一章细胞学Cytology细胞生物Cell biology细胞学说Cell theory原生质protoplasm原生质体protoplast有丝分裂mitosis福尔根反应Feulgen reaction哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)支原体mycoplast真核细胞rucaryotic cell真核生物procaryote原核细胞prokaryotic cell原核生物prokaryote类群、域domain古核细胞archaea古核生物archaeon古细菌archaebacteria真细菌euba
2、cteria鞭毛flagellum鞭毛蛋白flagellin类核nucleoid质粒plasmid管蛋白tubulin蓝细菌cyanobacteria类囊体thylakoid异形胞heterocyst直系同源基因orthologous gene盐细菌halobacteria热源体thermoplasma硫氧化菌sulfolobus核小体nucleosome核纤层nuclear lamina核纤层蛋白lamin核基质nuclear matrix纳米生物学nanobiology自我装配self-assembly协助装配aided-assembly直接装配direct-assembly次生代谢产物s
3、econdary metabolite天然产物natural product衣壳capsid核壳体nucleocapsid囊膜envelope第二章光学显微镜light microscope分辨率resolution相差显微镜phase-contrast microscope微分干涉显微镜differential-interference microscope录像增差显微镜video-enhance microscope荧光显微镜fluorescence microscope绿色荧光蛋白green fluorescent protein, GFP激光扫描共焦显微镜laser scanning
4、confocal microscope, LSCM全内反射荧光显微术total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy光激活定位显微术photoactivated localization microscopy, PALM随机光学重构显微术stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy受激发射损耗显微术stimulated emission depletion microscopy结构照明显微术structured-illumination microscopy, SIM电子显微镜electron mic
5、roscope, EM电荷耦合器件charge-coupled device, CCD超薄切片ultrathin section负染色技术negative staining冷冻蚀刻技术frezze etching快速冷冻深度蚀刻技术quick freeze deep etching低温电镜技术cryo-electron microscopy单颗粒分析技术single particle analysis电子断层成像技术electron tomography背散射电子成像back scattered electron imaging扫描电镜scanning electron microscope,
6、 SEM光-电关联技术correlative light microscopy and electron microscopy扫描隧道显微镜Scanning tunnel microscope, STM原子力显微镜atomic force microscope, AFM免疫印记western blotting放射免疫沉淀radioimmuno-precipitation原位杂交in situ hybridization流式细胞术flow cytometry原代细胞primary culture cell传代细胞subculture cell单层细胞single layer cell细胞系cel
7、l line有限细胞系finite cell line永生细胞系infinite cell line连续细胞系continuous cell line细胞株cell strain成纤维样细胞fibroblast like cell上皮样细胞epithelial like cell外殖体explant愈伤组织callus细胞融合cell fusion电融合技术electrofusion methodB淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术B-lymphocyte hybridoma technique单克隆抗体monoclonal antibody胞质体cytoplast核质体karyoplast细胞松弛素Bcyt
8、ochalasin B显微操作micromanipulation微量注射microinjection荧光漂白恢复技术fluorescence photobleaching recovery, FPR荧光恢复fluorescence recovery酵母双杂交系统yeast two-hybrid systemDNA结合域DNA binding domain转录激活域activation domain荧光共振能量转移fluorescence resonance energy transfer, FRET放射自显影技术autoradiography第三章细胞质膜plasma membrane细胞内膜
9、系统internal membrane生物膜biomembrane单位膜模型unit membrane model流动镶嵌模型fluid mosaic model菌紫红质bacteria rhodopsin脂筏模型lipid raft model辛德毕斯病毒sindbis virus, SbV甘油磷脂glycerophosphatide鞘脂sphingolipid固醇sterol磷脂酰胆碱phosphatidylcholine, PC(卵磷脂)磷脂酰乙醇胺phosphatidylethanolamine, PE磷脂酰丝氨酸phosphatidyserine, PS磷脂酰肌醇phosphadit
10、ylinositol, PI心磷脂cardiolipin鞘磷脂sphingomyelin, SM磷脂phospholipid豆固醇stigmasterol麦角固醇ergosterol翻转酶flippase脂质体liposome微团micelle膜蛋白membrane protein周边膜蛋白peripheral membrane protein外在膜蛋白extrinsic membrane protein整合膜蛋白integral membrane protein内在膜蛋白intrinsic membrane protein脂锚定膜蛋白lipid-anchored membrane prote
11、in磷脂酶phospholipase蛋白聚糖proteoglycan磷脂酰肌醇糖脂glycosylphosphaditylinositol跨膜蛋白transmembrane protein单次跨膜蛋白single-pass transmembrane protein多次跨膜蛋白multipass transmembrane protein孔蛋白porin卷曲结构coiled-coil水孔蛋白aquaporin去垢剂detergent微团临界浓度critical micelle concentration,CMC相变温度phase transition temperature扩散常数diffus
12、ion constant细胞外表面extrocytoplasmic surface, ES外小叶outer leaflet原生质表面protoplasmic surface, PS内小叶inner leaflet细胞外小叶断裂面extrocytoplasmic face，EF原生质小叶断裂面protoplasmic face，PF脂肪细胞adipocyte鞭毛flagellum纤毛cilium微绒毛microvillus膜相关的细胞骨架membrane associated cytoskeleton肌动蛋白actin基于肌动蛋白的膜骨架actin-based membrane skeleton细胞皮层cortex血影ghost血影蛋白（或红膜肽）spectrin锚蛋白ankyrin血型糖蛋白glycoprotein内收蛋白adducin阀蛋白flotillin膜脂微区membrane lipid microdomain阿尔兹海默症Alzheimer disease学科网（北京）股份有限公司