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1、Unit8AdventureStep1诵读经典渗透文化意识.细品味经典文章(2020全国卷)Chinahasbecomethefirstcountrytolandaspacecraftonthefarsideofthemoon.TheunmannedChange-4probe(探测器)thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddesstoucheddownlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.Landingonthemoonsfarsideisextremelychallenging.Becausethemoonsbo
2、dyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe,ChinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspotwhereitcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticularinteresttoscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(环形山),moresothanthefamiliarnearside.Chineseresearchershopetousetheinstru
3、mentsonboardChange-4tofindandstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.“Thisreallyexcitesscientists,”CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,“becauseitmeanswehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoonisconstructed.”Dataaboutthemoonscomposition,suchashowmuchiceandothertreasuresitcontains,couldh
4、elpChinadecidewhetheritsplansforafuturelunar(月球的)basearepractical.按要求完成任务1.写出文中与本单元话题有关的词汇。_2.写出你所了解的与本单元话题有关的词汇。_spacecraft,unmanned,probe,challenging,satellite,orbit,signals,researchers,instruments,practicaladventure,takearisk,personalequipment,climbingboots,trainingwear,sunglasses,helmet,eightrin
5、gs,compassStep2固本强基锻造语言能力.重点词汇1.differvi.不同于;有区别【典型例句】Onlyifweknowwhatwedoinourdailylifeandlivealow-carbonlifecanwemakeadifference.只有我们知道在日常生活中做什么,过一种低碳生活,我们才能有所作为。【词块必记】(1)differfrom.in.在方面与不同differwithsb.与某人意见不同(2)bedifferentfrom.不同于(3)makea/nodifference有/无影响tellthedifferencebetweenAandB指出A与B的不同【语
6、境速测】单句语法填空Canyoutellthe_(differ)betweenthetwobookswhichhavethecoversinblue?Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtimewitha_(difference)familyeachweek.differencedifferent句型转换Eventhoughwecompletelydifferfromeachotherincharacter,wearestillgreatfriends.Eventhough_incharacter,weares
7、tillgreatfriends.wearecompletelydifferentfromeachother2.anxiousadj.忧虑的;担心的【典型例句】Someofuswereconfidentandeagertotakepartintheclassactivity;otherswerenervousandanxious.我们中的一些人充满信心,渴望参加班级活动;其他人则紧张不安。【词块必记】(1)beanxiousfor/aboutsb./sth.担心/忧虑某人/某物beanxious(forsb.)todosth.渴望(某人)做某事(2)anxietyn.忧虑;担心;渴望witha
8、nxiety焦虑地(3)anxiouslyadv.焦虑地,不安地【语境速测】单句语法填空Tomseemstobeanxious_thetestcomingup.Aproperstudyplancanhelpstudentsreducetheirexam_(anxious).Astheywalkedbackheasked_(anxious),“Areyouhappy?”语段填词Hismotherisalways_abouthisstudy,buthespendsallhistimeplayingcomputergames,ignoringhismothers_.(anxious)aboutanx
9、ietyanxiouslyanxiousanxiety3.riskvt.冒的危险n.冒险;危险;风险【典型例句】Whoeveryouare,donttaketheriskofdoingajoblikethat.无论你是谁,都不要冒险做那样一份工作。【词块必记】(1)riskdoing冒险做riskoneslifetodosth.冒着生命危险做某事(2)atrisk处于危险之中,冒风险attheriskof.冒着的风险take/runrisks(arisk)todo冒险做(3)riskyadj.冒险的;有危险的【语境速测】单句语法填空Theirapologiesarelikelytobepers
10、onallyuncomfortableandevenprofessionally_(risk).riskyThepasser-bytooktheriskoflosinghisownlifetosavethedrowningchildfromthecoldriver.Thepasser-by_tosavethedrowningchildfromthecoldriver.(riskv.)Thepasser-bysavedthedrowningchildfromthecoldriver_.(riskn.)riskedhisownlifeattheriskoflosinghisownlife4.aim
11、n.目标;目的;瞄准vt.&vi.瞄准;对准;针对;朝(某方向)努力【典型例句】Asanoldsayinggoes,livingwithoutaclearandachievableaimislikesailingwithoutacompass.俗话说,生活没有一个明确的和可实现的目标就像航海没有指南针一样。【词块必记】(1)achieveonesaim达到目的takeaimat.向瞄准withtheaimof.以为目标;带着的目的(2)aimtodosth.旨在做某事aimatdoingsth.力争做到某事beaimedat目的是,旨在(3)aimlessadj.无目的的【语境速测】单句语法填
12、空Dontargue_(aim)aboutit.Letssitdownanddiscussitpeacefully.Theywillstarttheirproject,_(aim)athelpingthepoorchildreninthewestofChinatobeeducated.句型转换Thematchsaimistoletmorepeopleknowthebadenvironmentalconditionswearefacingandtheurgencyofprotectingit.Thematch_morepeopleknowthebadenvironmentalconditions
13、wearefacingandtheurgencyofprotectingit.aimlesslyaimingisaimedatletting5.observevt.观察,观测;遵守;庆祝【典型例句】Formerlyknownas“shangsifestival”,theMarch3rdfestivalisatraditionalfestivalobservedbytheHanpeopleandanumberofethnicminoritygroups.古称上巳节,3月3日是汉族和许多少数民族共同庆祝的传统节日。【词块必记】(1)observesb.dosth.观察某人做某事(全过程)obser
14、vesb.doingsth.观察某人正在做某事observethat.发现,观察(2)observationn.观察;监视underobservation在监视下【误区释疑】observesb.dosth.在变成被动语态时,应添加省略的不定式符号“to”。【语境速测】写出黑体部分的含义Oncerulesaremade,theyshouldbestrictlyobserved.()Observecarefullyifanyobjectcamewhendrivingyourcaronthehighway.()CouldyoutellmehowyouusuallyobservetheSpringFe
15、stivalinyourcountry?()句型转换(改为被动语态)Peopleobservedthethiefopenthewindowandrunaway.Thethief_thewindowandrunaway.遵守遵守观察观察庆祝庆祝wasobservedtoopen6.preparationn.准备;预备【典型例句】Meanwhile,inordertohaveagoodlearningexperience,youshouldbeinpreparationforyourstudyaheadoftime.同时,为了有一个良好的学习经历,你应该提前为你的学习做准备。【词块必记】(be)i
16、npreparation在准备中(2)preparetodosth.准备做某事prepare(sb.)forsth.(使某人)为某事做准备【语境速测】单句语法填空Asweallknow,thebest_(prepare)fortomorrowisdoingyourbesttoday.Welldoeverythingthatwecantohelpyou,butyoumustbe_(prepare)tofaceallkindsofdifficulties.语段填词In_foransweringquestions,theprofessorwhoalwaysmakes_foreverythinginh
17、islifegot_foritbecausehebelievedgood_wouldwinhimrespectgreatly.(prepare)preparationpreparedpreparationpreparationspreparedpreparation完成句子Theolderchildshouldbeableto_.那个年纪稍大的孩子应当会做一顿简单的饭菜。Imjust_school.我正在让孩子们准备好上学。prepareasimplemealgettingthekidsreadyfor【易混辨析】preparesth.“准准备备某物某物”,谓语动词谓语动词直接体直接体现现在在
18、宾语宾语上上preparefor“为为做准做准备备”,for的的宾语宾语一般只是一般只是谓语动谓语动作所要达作所要达到的目的到的目的.核心短语7.turnup(常指出其不意地或经长久等待后)出现;到来;露面;找出;发现;注意到;开大;调高(收音机、暖气等)【典型例句】NiuLangwasabouttoreachhiswifewhentheQueenturnedupandpulledoffherhairpintodrawalinebetweenthetwo.牛郎正要去找他的妻子,这时王母娘娘出现了,摘下她的发簪,在两人之间画了一条线。【词块必记】turnto转向;变成;求助于;致力于turnaw
19、ay拒绝;不准入内turndown拒绝;调小turnoff/on关掉/打开turnout证明是;结果是;出版;生产turnover翻身;翻转;移交turnin上交;拐入;交还turninto把变成【语境速测】介副词填空Luckily,afterawhileanothercarturned_andawarm-hearteddriverofferedussomefuelandhelpedusgetthecarfunctioning.Thegovernmentistakingactiontoturntheschool_agoodshelterforallthestudents.upinto语段填词T
20、heboywantedto_theTVsohe_hisfather,buthisrequestwas_byhisfather.He_hishomeworkontimethenextday.Hisfathersdecision_wise.那个男孩想打开电视,于是求助于他的父亲,但他的请求被他的父亲拒绝了。第二天他按时上交了作业。他父亲的决定证明是明智的。turnonturnedtoturneddownturnedinturnedout【知识拓展】turn为名词时构成的短语inturn依次地,轮流地;相应地;转而byturns交替地,轮流地inonesturn轮到某人(做某事)outofturn不
21、按顺序,加塞儿taketurns轮流8.breakdown损坏,不能运转;身体垮掉;失败;溃败;拆毁,拆除;分解【典型例句】Iwasalmostontheedgeofbreakingdownwhenmyfathersaid,“Dontworry,myson.”我快要崩溃了,这时父亲对我说:“别担心,儿子。”【词块必记】breakinto破门而入;突然开始(笑、唱等)breakin闯入;插话,打断breakawayfrom突然挣脱,摆脱breakout(坏事)突然发生,爆发breakup结束;粉碎,破碎;解散breakthrough取得突破;克服【语境速测】写出黑体部分的含义Hefinallyb
22、rokedownunderthegreatpressureofwork.()Thepeacetalksbetweenthetwocountriesbrokedownwithnoagreementreached.()Tounderstandtheeconomicpolicy,youcanbreakitdownintosomedivisionstotalkaboutit.()Theconstructiveworkersbrokedownthebuildingtomakeroomforthesquaretobebuiltnextweek.()(身体身体)垮掉垮掉(谈判谈判)失败失败分解分解拆毁拆毁,
23、拆除拆除Hehadtopauseoccasionallytowipethesweatfromhisforehead,becausetheair-conditioningsystembrokedown.()损坏损坏,不能运转不能运转.经典句式9.MarcowassurprisedtoseeChinesepeopleusingpapermoneyinthemarkets.马可很惊讶地看到中国人在集市上使用纸币。【典型例句】Inthepicture,wecanseeaboyinwornclothessittingatashabbywoodentablewithapileofbooksonit.在这幅
24、画中,我们可以看到一个衣衫褴褛的男孩坐在一张破旧的木桌旁,桌上放着一堆书。【句型公式】(1)“see+宾语+动词-ing形式”表示“看见正在”,其中动词-ing形式表示正在进行。(2)“see+宾语+过去分词”表示“看见被”,其中动词的过去分词表示该动词与前面的宾语之间为被动关系。(3)“see+宾语+动词原形”表示“看见做了”,其中动词原形表示看到动作全过程。【语境速测】单句语法填空Itisbelievedthatfiftyyearsofpumpingwillseethem_(run)dry.Onanearbyhill,hecouldseesmoke_(wave)slowlyskywards
25、fromthechimneyoftheNelsonfamilyhome.完成句子Indeed,therehavebeentimeswhenwolveshavebeen_(被看到嚎叫)inachorus,andthenext,quarrelingamongeachother.Someshakeheadswhenthey_(看我穿过城镇).OthersgethurtwhenIrefusetotryjustonebiteoftheirgrandmotherschocolatecake.runwavingseentohowlseemewalkthroughthetown【知识拓展】除了see用于这种句
26、型之外,hear,find,notice,watch,observe也可用于这种句型,用法与see一致,都可以用动词原形、动词-ing形式、过去分词等作宾语补足语。【备选要点】1.variousadj.不同的,各种各样的【典型例句】Inmyfreetime,Iwillcontinuetotakeregularexercise.suchasswimming,runningandvariousballgames.在我的空闲时间,我将继续进行有规律的锻炼。如游泳、跑步和各种球类运动。【词块必记】(1)varietyn.变化;多样性;种类avarietyof=varietiesof(2)varyvt.
27、&vi.改变;变化varywithsth.随而变化varyin在方面变化varyfrom.to.从到不等;在和之间变动【语境速测】单句语法填空Wewereamazedat_(vary)kindsofentertainmentfacilities,activitiesandaquantityoftemplesthere.The_(various)offoodattherestaurantislimited,buttheamountofeachdishisfairlylarge.完成句子Eatinghabits_.Onemansmeatisanothermanspoison.饮食习惯因国家而异。萝
28、卜青菜各有所爱。variousvarietyvaryfromcountrytocountry2.limitvt.限制;限定n.界限;边界;限度【典型例句】Inthepast,celebrationswerelimitedtoeventslikesonganddanceduetsinNorthChina,dragon/liondancesinSouthChinaandfireworks.在过去,庆祝春节还只停留在中国北方的二人转和中国南方的舞龙舞狮等形式,还有烟花表演。【词块必记】(1)beyond/overthelimit超过限度withinthelimitof.在范围内setalimitto
29、/onsth.对设定限度thereisa/nolimitto.对是有限的/无限的(2)limit.to.把限制在belimitedto局限于【语境速测】单句语法填空Wemustsetalimit_theexpenseoftheplanputforwardinyesterdaysmeeting.Heonlyreceived_(limit)educationinhischildhoodbecauseofhispoorfamily.句型转换(改为被动语态)Youshouldlimitthetimeofyourlecturetohalfanhour.Thetimeofyourlecture_halfa
30、nhour.tolimitedshouldbelimitedto3.takeoff起飞;脱去(衣服);开始成功;休假;匆匆离去【典型例句】Hejumpedtohisfeet,thinkingthattheplanewasabouttotakeoff.他跳了起来,以为飞机马上就要起飞了。【词块必记】takeback取回,带回,收回(说过的话)takedown写下,记下takeon呈现,显现;雇用takeover接管;接任(职位)takeapart拆开takein接纳;吸收;欺骗takeup拿起;占据(时间、空间);开始(工作、产生兴趣)【语境速测】写出黑体部分的含义Shegotacoldbeca
31、useshetookoffhercoatafterworkincoldwinter.()Theplanehadanaccidentwhiletakingofffromanairportabroad.()Inordertogocampingnextweek,Itakeafewdaysoff.()AfterhisperformanceontheCCTV,hiscareerofshowtookoff.()完成句子_(网购将会大受欢迎)whenpeoplemakesurethatitissafe.脱掉脱掉起飞起飞休假休假开始成功开始成功Internetshoppingwillreallytakeoff
32、4.getacross使理解(某事);使通过;横过(马路,河等)【典型例句】Asaforeignlearner,itisdifficultforyoutogetyourstudentsacrossthetruemeaningandthecultureofthem.作为一个外国学习者,你很难让你的学生了解诗歌的真正含义和文化内涵。【词块必记】(1)get(sth.)acrosstosb.向某人传达/讲解某事,使某事被某人所理解(2)getawayfrom从脱离;逃脱getawaywith被放过;(做坏事)未受惩罚getover克服;恢复getdownto开始;着手处理getsb.down使沮丧;
33、使悲伤getround/around走动;(消息)传开getthrough完成,通过;接通电话【语境速测】单句语法填空Wemustgetthesimplefactthatdrugsaredangerous_tothepublic.Hecouldget_anytoughsituationbydoingwhathecouldtothebestofhisability.ItstimethatIgotdown_(think)aboutmyfuture.Forabetterfuture,Imustlearntoget_thecurrentdifficulties.句式升级(用because连接句)_ac
34、rossthroughtothinkingoverForabetterfuture,ImustlearntogetoverthecurrentdifficultiesbecauseitstimethatIgotdowntothinkingaboutmyfuture.5.runoutof用完,耗尽【典型例句】Weverunoutofthepetrol,andwellneverbeintimeforthetrainnow.我们的汽油用完了,现在赶不上火车了。【词块必记】sb.runoutofsth.=sb.useupsth.某人用完/耗尽某物sth.runout某物用完/耗尽【易混辨析】(1)ru
35、noutof=useup意为“将用光”,是及物动词短语,表主动含义,主语一般是人;(2)runout=giveout意为“用完,耗尽”,是不及物动词短语。主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等,没有被动形式。【语境速测】单句改错TheundergroundwaterinSaudiArabiamightrunoutofin50years.()Afternearlyfourweeks,theteamhadrunoutsuppliesandwouldhavetoreturn.()去掉去掉ofout后加后加of一句多译他的墨水用完了。_=_=_=_=_=_Heranoutofhisink.Hisinkranou
36、t.Hisinkwasrunoutof.Hisinkgaveout.Hisinkwasusedup.Heuseduphisink.6.Althoughpeopleenjoyedreadinghisbook,manyofthemthoughtthatMarcosstoriesaboutChinaweretoofantastictobetrue.虽然人们爱读他的书,但许多人认为马可写的关于中国的东西太离奇而不可信。【典型例句】Bytheway,areyoukeenonthepainting?Wouldyoutellusstudentsmoreaboutit?Ifso,wewillbetoodeli
37、ghtedtolookforwardtohearingyourlecture.顺便问一下.你喜欢这幅画吗?你能告诉我们学生更多关于它的事情吗?如果是这样的话,我们将非常高兴地期待听您的讲座。【句型公式】too.to意为“太而不能”,表示否定意义,而在下列情况下表示肯定意义:(1)当too前面有副词far,much,but,only修饰时,此结构没有否定意义,而表示肯定。(2)too后面的形容词表示心情或描绘性形容词时,如happy,pleased,willing,thankful,delighted,anxious,eager,kind,good,wise,ready等,表示肯定意义。(3)t
38、oo.to.中的too前面有never,cant等时,此结构为双重否定表示肯定。【语境速测】完成句子IhateitwhenshecallsmeatworkImalways_(太忙了不能和她说话).句型转换Johnis_.Therefore,hismotherresignedherjobtotakecareofhimathome.Johnis_.Therefore,hismotherresignedherjobtotakecareofhimathome.(enough)Johnis_.Therefore,hismotherresignedherjobtotakecareofhimathome.(
39、so.that.)toobusytotalkwithhertooyoungtogotoschoolnotoldenoughtogotoschoolsoyoungthathecantgotoschool7.ThenexttogowasCaptainOates,whowashavinggreatdifficultywalking.接下来离开的是奥茨上将,他行走有很大的困难。【典型例句】First,IcanspeakEnglishfluently,soIhavenodifficultycommunicatingwithnativespeakers.首先,我能说一口流利的英语.所以我与以英语为母语的人
40、交流没有困难。【句型公式】(1)havedifficulty(in)doingsth.做某事有困难havedifficultywithsth.在方面有困难(2)difficulty前可用some,any,no,little等词来修饰(3)在此结构中difficulty可与trouble换用【误区释疑】在考查句型havedifficultydoingsth.时,difficulty往往提前,作为主句中的先行词。【知识拓展】“做某事有困难”还可以表达成:havetrouble/problems(in)doingsth.haveahardtime(in)doingsth.Theresdifficul
41、ty/trouble【语境速测】单句语法填空Wheneverwehavedifficulty_(deal)withstudies,ourteachersalwayshelpuspatiently.单句改错Ineverhavedifficultysleepinastrangeplace.()完成句子Wecantimaginewhatgreatdifficultythey_我们不能想象他们完成计划有多大的困难。dealingsleep改为改为sleepinghavefinishingtheplan.Step3强化检测提升学习能力.单句语法填空1.(2020江苏高考)Multiplegenesbeh
42、aved_(differ),dependingonwhethersomeonehadeatenornotbeforewalking.2.(2020江苏高考)Thentheycomparedthesamples.Therewereconsiderable_(differ).3.(2020江苏高考)AfterIexplainedtoJuanthatyes,wedidhaveamoonandyes,itwasverysimilar_his.differentlydifferencesto4.(2020天津高考)ThisledJonestotheconclusionthattherearetooman
43、y_(extreme)lonelypeopleinhiscommunity,whoareeasytargetsofcheating.5.(2020全国卷)Itshardtotell_(exact)howmanypeopleagreewithhim,butresearchindicatesthatthenumbershavebeenrisingforsometime.extremelyexactly.完成句子1.Wedid_(很好以至于)wewereinvitedtoshareourideaandexperiencewithallthestudentsofourschool.2.Thebikes
44、eemed_(太重了而很难控制).Worsestill,Itookmanyfallsoffthebike.3.Homelesspeopleoften_(找工作有困难)becausetheyhavenohomeaddresses.sowellthattooheavyanddifficulttocontrolhavedifficultyfindingajob4.Inthesummer_(在我上中学之前),IreadthebookTheyCagetheAnimalsatNight.5.Furtherup,theweatherchangeslowcloudsenvelopthemountainside
45、s,_(那覆盖着厚厚的草).beforeIenteredmiddleschoolwhicharecoveredwiththickgrass.语法填空短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点,请按要求补全短文,并背诵体会黑体部分用法。InordertoexperienceChineseculturewhich1._(differ)fromhiscountrys,TomplannedtotraveltoBeijing.Hefirstgothisidea2._tohisparents.Withhisparentspermission,hedecidedtogotoBeijingbyplanewhichtoo
46、k3._onSunday.Forthistrip,hemadefull4._(prepare)forit.OnthewaytoBeijing,hecameacrosshisfriend,LiHua.AfterarrivinginBeijing,differsacrossoffpreparationshehadnodifficulty5._(communicate)withthelocalpeoplewiththehelpofLiHua.Tohisamazement,thereare6._(vary)kindsofentertainmentfacilities,activitiesandlarg
47、e7._(quantity)ofoldbuildings.Inaword,Itssodizzying.Apartfromthetrip,healsoaimstolearnChinesewell,andhetakesfulladvantage8._everyminutetostudyhard.Hestrictly9._(limit)histimeofplaying.Weoftenseehimstudylateintonight.Weallthinkheshouldpayattentiontohishealthincaseitbreaks10._.communicatingvariousquant
48、itiesoflimitsdownStep4直击高考培养思维品质.话题与阅读填句(2017全国卷)IfanyonehadtoldmethreeyearsagothatIwouldbespendingmostofmyweekendscamping,Iwouldhavelaughedheartily.Campers,inmyeyes,werepeoplewhoenjoyedinsectbites,ill-cookedmeals,anduncomfortablesleepingbags.Theyhadnothingincommonwithme.1Thefriendswhointroducedmeto
49、campingthoughtthatitmeanttobeapioneer.2Wesleptinatent,cookedoveranopenfire,andwalkedalongdistancetotaketheshowerandusethebathroom.ThisbriefvisitwithMotherNaturecostmetwodaysofffromwork,recoveringfromabadcaseofsunburnandthedoctorsbillformysonsfoodpoisoning.Iwas,nevertheless,talkedintogoingonanotherfu
50、n-filledholidayinthewilderness.3Instead,wehadapop-upcamperwithcomfortablebedsandanairconditioner.Mynature-lovingfriendshadrememberedtobringallthenecessitiesoflife.4Wehavedonealotofitsince.Recently,weboughtatwenty-eight-foottraveltrailercompletewithabathroomandabuilt-inTVset.Thereisaseparatebedroom,a