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1、The structure of noun clauses 名词性从句名词性从句 noun clause主语从句主语从句subject clause宾语从句宾语从句object clause表语从句表语从句predicative clause同位语从句同位语从句appositive clause从句一律保从句一律保持持陈述语序陈述语序复习名词性从句复习名词性从句当一个从句的性质相当于一个名词,并在主从复合句中作主语、宾语、表语或同位语时,这个从句被称为名词性从句。一、名词性从句的分类一、名词性从句的分类名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。二、名词性从句的引导词二、名词性从句
2、的引导词名词性从句的引导词可以分为三类:从属连词(that、whether、if等)、连接代词(what、which、who、whom、whatever、whichever、whoever、whomever、whose等)和连接副词(when、where、how、why、whenever、wherever等)。1.从属连词that的用法情景导学Thatheisstillaliveissheerluck.他还活着纯粹是幸运。JohnsaidthathewasleavingforLondononWednesday.约翰说他星期三要去伦敦。Theteachertoldthestudents(that
3、)theyshouldhandintheirhomeworkthenextdayandthatthehomeworkmustbesignedbytheirparents.老师告诉学生们他们应该第二天交作业,且作业必须由父母签字。Thefactthathehasfullyrecoveredmakesmehappy.他完全康复了的事实令我高兴。用法归纳(1)that引导名词性从句时,只起作用,在从句中不作任何成分,也没有词义。(2)that引导名词性从句时的省略问题:a.that引导的主语从句位于时,that不可省略。b.当动词后带有一个that引导的宾语从句时,that可省略;当动词后带有多个t
4、hat引导的宾语从句时,第一个that可以省略,而其他的that一般省略。c.当that引导的宾语从句前有it作形式宾语时,that一般不可省略。d.当that引导的宾语从句是以that/this作主语时,that常不可省略。e.引导表语从句和从句时,that一般不可省略。连接句首不可同位语2.从属连词whether/if的用法情景导学Whetherthereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.月球上是否有生命是个有趣的问题。Thequestioniswhetherthisideacanbeputintopractice.问题是这一想法是否能付诸实践。
5、Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.一切都取决于我们是否有足够的钱。用法归纳(1)if/whether引导的名词性从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问句转化而来的,whether与if表示“”,只起连接作用,引导从句,在从句中不作任何成分。(2)whether和if有时可互换,但在下列情况下,只可用whether:a.引导从句并放在句首时。b.引导从句和同位语从句时。c.引导的从句作介词的语时。d.后紧跟ornot时。是否主语表语宾3.连接代词who、whom、whose、what、which等和连接副词where、why、when、how等的用法情
6、景导学Doyouknowwhomtheyarelookingfor?你知道他们在找谁吗?Idontknowwhodidit.我不知道这件事是谁做的。Whenweshallmeetagainisunknown.我们什么时候会再见是未知的。用法归纳连接代词、连接副词引导的名词性从句由特殊疑问句转化而来。它们的特点是:(1)连接代词、连接副词保留自己的疑问含义。(2)连接代词在从句中充当句子成分,如、定语,连接副词在从句中作。(3)连接代词、连接副词引导的从句一律用语序,不能用疑问句语序。主语宾语状语陈述句4.whatever、whoever、whenever的用法情景导学Iwilljustsayw
7、hatevercomesintomymind.我想到什么就会说什么。Whoeverbreakstheruleswillbepunished.任何违反规定的人都会受到惩罚。用法归纳whatever、whoever、whenever可引导从句、宾语从句和表语从句,并在从句中作、宾语、表语等。在此用法中whatever、whoever等在从句中通常不含疑问意义。whatever=anythingthat;whoever=anyonewho。主语主语5.it作形式主语或形式宾语的名词性从句情景导学Itisquiteclearthatthewholeprojectisdoomedtofailure.It
8、isnotyetdecidedwhowilldothatjob.Itisstillunknownwhichteamwillwinthematch.Ithinkitbestthatyoushouldstayhere.Ilikeitwhenpeopleareopenandstraight.Weneedtoseetoitthattheguestsaresatisfiedwithus.用法归纳(1)that引导主语从句时,通常用作形式主语,而将that从句置于句末。(2)which、who、what等引导主语从句且从句较长时也常用作形式主语,而将真正的主语置于句末。(3)动词think、find、fe
9、el、consider、make等后面有时,常使用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语移至句末。(4)表示喜爱、憎恶等感情的动词enjoy、hate、love、like、dislike和表示认为的词take、have以及表示确保的seeto后不能直接跟宾语从句,需用it作形式宾语,再跟宾语从句。itit宾语补足语1.Thequestioniswecanputwhatwehavelearnedintopractice.2.remainstobeseenwhetherafastsolutioncanbefound.3.SheaskedmeIhadreturnedthebookstothelibrary,
10、andIadmittedthatIhadnt.4.ItisestimatedextremeweatherconditionshaveendangeredthelivesofmillionsofAfricanchildren.1.how考查表语从句。句意:问题是我们如何把学到的东西付诸实践。wecanputwhatwehavelearnedintopractice作is的表语,结合句意可知表语从句中缺少状语,表示“如何”。故填how。2.It考查it作形式主语。whetherafastsolutioncanbefound是whether引导的主语从句,设空处作形式主语,故填It。3.whethe
11、r/if考查宾语从句。句意:她问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了,我承认我还没有(归还)。Ihadreturnedthebookstothelibrary作asked的直接宾语,结合句意可知此处表示“是否”。故填whether或if。4.that考查主语从句。本句使用了“Itisestimatedthat.”句型,其中It是形式主语,that引导的从句作真正的主语。故填that。5.Headdedthatthepresentplanwouldbediscussedthenextdayandthenewonewouldcomeupthenextweek.6.VonWonghopeshisworkwil
12、lalsohelppressurebigcompaniestoreducetheirplasticfootprint.7.However,mychildrenwanttodoafterschoolispickupascreenanyscreenandstareatitforhours.8.NowIknowIam!ImTysonslittlebrother,butthatsonlypartofmyidentity.5.that考查that引导宾语从句时不能省略的一种情况。thatthepresentplanwouldbediscussedthenextday和thenewonewouldcome
13、upthenextweek为and连接的两个并列的宾语从句,作added的宾语,第二个宾语从句中不缺少成分,且意义完整。当动词后带有多个that引导的宾语从句时,第一个that可以省略,而其他的that一般不能省略。故填that。6.that考查宾语从句。hisworkwillalsohelppressurebigcompaniestoreducetheirplasticfootprint(他的工作也会帮助迫使大公司减少它们的塑料足迹)是一个宾语从句,作hopes的宾语,从句中不缺少成分,且意义完整。故填that。7.what考查主语从句。mychildrenwanttodoafterscho
14、ol是主语从句,设空处在从句中作do的宾语,表示做的事情。故填what。8.who考查宾语从句。Iam是一个宾语从句,作know的宾语,从句中缺少表语,再根据ImTysonslittlebrother,butthatsonlypartofmyidentity.可知,此处是指现在我知道我是谁。故填who。9.Onemustknowanobjectwasmadeinordertopreserveit.10.Housewarmingpartiesgettheirnamefromthefactalongtimeagopeoplewouldactuallybringfirewoodtoanewhomea
15、sagift.9.how考查宾语从句。句意:为了保护一件物品,一个人必须要知道它是如何被制成的。anobjectwasmade是一个宾语从句,作know的宾语,结合句意可知宾语从句中缺少状语,表示“如何”。故填how。10.that考查同位语从句。alongtimeagopeoplewouldactuallybringfirewoodtoanewhomeasagift是fact的具体内容,所以设空处引导同位语从句,从句中不缺少成分。故填that。I.Fill in the blanks with the proper words.1.Thestudentcompletedthisexperim
16、enttomakecometrue_ProfessorJosephhadsaid.2.Itisnotaproblem_wecanwinthebattle;itsjustamatteroftime.3.Scientistshaveobtainedmoreevidence_plasticisfindingitswayintothehumanbody.即学即练The structure of noun clauses whatwhetherthat4.Byboatistheonlywaytogethere,whichis_wearrived.5.Itisoftenthecase_anythingis
17、possibleforthosewhohangontohope.6.Wenowrealize_importantfamilyisandhowimportantitistobenearthem,especiallyyoureraisingchildren.即学即练The structure of noun clauses howthathow7.Membersleavebooksonparkbenchesandbuses,intrainstationsandcoffeeshops._findstheirbookwillgotothesiteandrecordwheretheyfoundit.8.
18、Wechoosethishotelbecausethepriceforanighthereisdownto$20,halfof_itusedtocharge.即学即练The structure of noun clauses Whoever what.Translate the following sentences.1.能否在英语考试中取得好成绩是我最担心的问题。(what主语从句/whether引导表语从句)_is_.2.众所周知，学好英语是很重要的。(主语从句)_.即学即练The structure of noun clauses What worries me mostwhether
19、I can get a good mark in EnglishIt is known to all that it is important to learn English well3.那是因为它是一种国际语言。(表语从句)Itis_./Thereasonis_.4.事实是我的英语学得不好。(主语从句/表语从句)_IdontdowellinEnglish._IdontdowellinEnglish.即学即练The structure of noun clauses because it is an international languagethat it is an international languageIt is a fact thatThe fact is that5.我现在要做的是采取措施学好英语。(主语从句)What_.6.我坚信我会掌握好英语的。(同位语从句)_IllhaveagoodcommandofEnglish.即学即练The structure of noun clauses I should do now is to take measures to masterI hold the firm belief thatEnglish